This paper presents an integrated multi-analytical documentation of a bronze vessel discovered in a 2nd century Roman military fort from ancient Dacia. The process involved 3D digitization, X-ray and ...hyperspectral imaging, and molecular, elemental, and structural analysis using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results of the study revealed the composition of the vessel metal and of the interior coating and the state of conservation through metal quality, internal cracks and corrosion compounds mapping. A 3D virtual reconstruction of the original aspect is also proposed based on the digitization and metal characterization results.
The preventive archaeological research which took place in the summer of 2014 at Bălata – Schit, Șoimuș commune, Hunedoara County, enriched the information on one of the most important sites on the ...Mureș Valley, where many historical periods have been documented so far. Amongst the numerous discoveries, fragments from at least two bronze cauldrons have been unearthed. The morphological characteristics, especially the cross-shaped handle attachments, decorated with geometric patterns, allow their dating in the final stage of Ha B2, as shown by the analogies in Transylvania. The vessels belong to the categories Merhardt B1 and B2a. The bronze recipients from Bălata reveal an unknown chapter in the archaeology of Early Iron Age in south-western Transylvania, offering new data on the spirituality of the respective times.
Located in Pujiang, Chengdu, China, more than four hundred artifacts were unearthed during the excavation of the Warring States (the Warring States period lasts from 475 to 221 BC) ship-shaped graves ...in 2016. The compositional and metallurgical feature of the unearthed vessels are still unclear. Archaeologists and conservators are puzzled by such problems that need to be answered by systematic scientific studies. Fifty one samples, either from the matrix (26 samples), or from the corrosion part (25 samples) of 25 unearthed bronze vessels, were carefully collected from the fallen part of the bronze vessels for analysis. Technical methods, such as OM, SEM-EDS, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy were adopted for compositional and metallurgical characterization of the bronzes, as well as identification of the corrosion products. The bronzes are Cu–Sn–Pb trinary alloys with typical casting microstructure. The proportion of Sn are in accordance with excavated bronze vessels in surrounding areas. Recycling isn’t involved with the production of such vessels. Layered structure of the corrosion products was observed. Different corrosion products were identified as Cu
2
CO
3
(OH)
2
, Cu
2
O, CuSO
4
·5H
2
O SnO
2
, PbSO
4
and PbCO
3
. The findings help us gain insights into the bronze manufacturing in Bashu district, as well as the corrosion behavior in certain condition.
A bronze wine vessel attributed to 1600–1046 B.C., Shang dynasty in China, an object from the East Asian Collection of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences in Sydney (Australia), was studied using ...a non-destructive scientific analytical protocol based on the synergic combination of nuclear techniques. Gamma spectrometry, neutron-computed tomography, and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy were applied to gain a better insight into the structural and compositional features of the artefact to prove its authenticity. Gamma spectrometry was performed to assess the risk of excessive sample activation induced by long exposure to the neutron beam and to determine the bulk elemental composition. Based on neutron-computed tomography, the porosities and the thickness of the metal wall were evaluated and found consistent with the piece-mould casting technology adopted by craftsmen during the Shang dynasty in China. Finally, PIXE spectroscopy demonstrated the use of a ternary (copper–tin-leaded) alloy and the nature of mineralisation on the surface.
Na početku, zbijen u komadu zemljane grude, oblik predmeta se nije razaznavao, međutim, tijekom konzervacijsko-restauracijsko zahvata na brončanom limu postigao sam dva usko vezana efekta: iznova sam ...osnažio te učvrstio originalne dijelove tankog brončanog lima te vizualno i taktilno ispunio prazan prostor plitke brončane posude.
The pots and the bronze vessel from Rådved
The coins from the Rådved treasure were hidden in an unglazed jug and a pot with a rounded bottom (»Kugeltopf«). A fragment from a green-glazed jug was ...placed as a lid and the whole arrangement finally covered with a cast bronze vessel turned upside down.
The pottery seems rather primitive compared with contemporary products from east Denmark whereas good parallels can be seen in the finds from east Jutland. All three pieces of pottery were, however, produced on a fast wheel. The bronze vessel has been equipped with three legs, now all missing. On the rim the mark of the manufacturer can be seen together with an arrow, the arms of the German city Stralsund. The three pieces of pottery are an important addition to the existing Danish collection of coin-dated pottery from the period appr. 950-1450, now amounting to 55 pieces from 44 finds. The green-glazed fragment is the youngest, precisely dated sample in Danish finds of the mediaeval decorated jug.
Niels-Knud Liebgott.
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