En este artículo se analizan significados y prácticas en torno a la productividad como objetivo de las evaluaciones de la actividad jurisdiccional del Poder Judicial de la Federación, observadas a ...partir de una etnografía realizada en la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación y entrevistas antropológicas en tribunales federales. Específicamente, se analizan los significados de la complejidad de los asuntos y el tiempo que implica resolverlos, así como las estrategias que se generan en los tribunales para construir las estadísticas y para dar por terminados los asuntos por cuestiones de forma. En torno a estos significados se origina una serie de dinámicas que hace que se prioricen las evaluaciones sobre la impartición de justicia, y ello redunda en una burocratización de la justicia.
Recent coverage in higher education newspapers and social media platforms implies that chronic conditions, illnesses and disabilities are becoming more prominent amongst academics. Changes to funding ...structures, increased globalisation, marketisation and bureaucratisation of higher education have resulted in a performance-driven working environment where teaching workload and pressures to publish are further intensified due to excellence exercises in teaching and research. The result is low morale and an ever-rising number of reported mental health issues, burnout and stress-related illnesses within academia. This article explores some of these issues in the context of higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. We draw on our research and our experiences as speakers regarding ableism in academia to provide food for thought, stimulate a debate and raise awareness of those academics experiencing chronic illness, disability or neurodiversity, whose voices are not heard.
Grassroots leaders in peri-urban China are increasingly integrated into the bureaucracy but maintain their community ties, and for that reason are often recruited to broker land taking. Incomplete ...bureaucratization allows frontline cadres to act as both state agents and community members and can expedite dispossession. Strategic favouritism and collective pressure are frequently employed to make evictions happen. Although these strategies accelerate expropriation, they divide a community and typically leave relocation facilitators feeling exhausted, anxious and mistreated. Compared to India, land taking in urbanizing China, though routinely manipulative, sometimes harsh, and almost always 'successful,' tends to be more inclusive, collective and negotiated.
If the object of developing and developed world leaders is to uplift their peoples continually, then it is essential to measure approximations of actual service deliveries (what we ought to mean by ...“governance”), not to rate nations impressionistically according to the perceived quality of their operations, their perceived impartiality (as per Rothstein), the extent of their bureaucratic autonomy (as per Fukuyama and others), or their capacity to coax or coerce citizens. Only in that positive manner can we distinguish the governments that are producing abundant political goods (i.e., good governance) from those that no longer are, or never did.
One hundred years ago, in his lecture Science as a Vocation, Max Weber prefigured a transition from science as a calling to science as bureaucratically organized work. He argued that a calling for ...science is critical for sustaining scientific work. Using Weber’s arguments for science as a vocation as a lens, in this paper, we discuss whether a calling for science may become difficult to maintain in increasingly bureaucratized scientific work—and also whether such a calling is necessary for the advance of science. We present empirical evidence for this bureaucratization of scientific work and further develop Weber’s discussion of science by contrasting it with the views of other theorists of science and innovation. Finally, we discuss the implications of these theories, develop a set of policy recommendations, and outline a research agenda designed to develop science policies and a sociology of science that match this shift from vocation to bureaucracy in scientific work.
Globally, ethics reviews exhibit four significant flaws: (1) they transpose institutional fears of liability onto individual researchers; (2) they presuppose a universal ethical standard; (3) they ...create conflicts among formal requirements, academic freedom and respect for local ethics; and (4) they deny agency to informants. The author has nearly a half‐century of research experience in a Cretan mountain community that was often at odds with officialdom. This exemplifies the kind of research and social engagement now increasingly unfeasible because rigid ethical review procedures ignore local values. Anthropologists are subject to more restrictive rules than journalists, despite the discipline’s greater attention to local values, practices (including language) and concerns. The article ends with a call for global action to protect anthropology’s commitment to respecting cultural diversity, especially as it appears in the form of local (and sometimes labile) ethics.
Renewable energy (RE) prosumerism comes with promises and expectations of contributing to sustainable and just energy systems. In its current process of becoming mainstream, numerous challenges and ...doubts have arisen whether it will live up to these. Building on insights from sustainability transitions research and institutional theory, this article unpacks the mainstreaming by considering the range of institutional arrangements and logics through which these contributions might be secured. Taking a Multi-actor Perspective, it analyses the differences, combinations, and tensions between institutional logics, associated actor roles and power relations. Firstly, it unpacks how mainstreaming occurs through mechanisms of bureaucratisation and standardisation (state logic), marketisation and commodification (market logic), as well as socialisation and communalisation (community logic). Secondly, it highlights the concomitant hybridisation of institutional logics and actor roles. Such hybrid institutional arrangements try to reconcile not only the more known trade-offs and tensions between for-profit/non-profit logics (regarding the distribution of benefits for energy activities and resources), but also between formal/informal logics (gaining recognition) and public/private logics (delineating access). This institutional concreteness moves the scholarly discussion and policy debate beyond idealistic discussions of ethical principles and abstract discussions about power: Simplistic framings of ‘prosumerism vs incumbents’ are dropped in favour of a critical discussion of hybrid institutional arrangements and their capacity to safeguard particular transformative ideals and normative commitments.
•Considers how renewable energy prosumerism contributes to just energy systems.•Unpacks mainstreaming processes across state, market and community logics.•Mainstreaming mechanisms are standardisation, marketisation and socialisation.•Specifies hybrid institutional arrangements, actor roles and power relations.•Discusses distribution of benefits, gaining recognition and delineating access.
La producción global agroalimentaria se encuentra estructurada en cadenas sobre las que los grandes grupos de distribución (marcas, supermercados) ejercen un estrecho control. En las últimas décadas, ...los estándares privados de calidad y seguridad se han convertido en una de las formas más importantes de gobernanza de estas cadenas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la estructura institucional desde la que se diseñan estos requisitos de calidad y seguridad y los procedimientos de evaluación. La hipótesis que planteamos es que el poder de los grandes distribuidores aumenta gracias al control de esa estructura institucional, que denominamos régimen tripartito de los estándares (Loconto y Busch, 2010). Para dar cuenta de ello analizaremos los estándares privados mercantiles que predominan en una de las regiones exportadoras de frutas y verduras más importantes de Europa, la Región de Murcia. Mostraremos que el régimen tripartito de los estándares privados de los grandes distribuidores (Global GAP, IFS, BRC) presenta tres característicasprincipales: la hibridación de lo público y lo privado en el ámbito de la regulación; la burocratización por medio de profesionales expertos, conocimientos especializados y procedimientos procedentes de actores privados; y el control de los grandes distribuidores sobre todo el proceso de estandarización.
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