Business Gift Giving Etiquette Paris, Dubravka
Journal of Accounting and Management,
12/2015, Letnik:
V, Številka:
2
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Business world today is faced with cultural similarities and cultural gaps. Every business person should be familiar with the business etiquette, in order to avoid a cultural faux pas. The topic of ...this paper is business gift giving in various parts of the world with the special emphasis on the English speaking countries. It comprises the basic rules of business gift giving etiquette, the types of gifts, especially the difference between the gifts for clients, the gifts for employees and the gifts for service providers. The author also included some typical and frequently asked questions regarding business gift giving.
This article proposes two new donation strategies that focus on either the amount or the frequency of corporate donations, and verifies that consumers have very different perceptions of and ...behavioral responses to firms that adopt these different donation strategies. Through three lab experiments and two field studies with adult consumers, the authors show that an amount-focused donation strategy leads consumers to generate more resource- and capability-related associations about the firm’s endeavor in helping charities, whereas a frequency-focused donation strategy leads consumers to generate more commitment- and persistence-related associations about a firm’s endeavor in helping charities. Furthermore, consumers tend to perceive a donation as more instrumental in helping charities and are more likely to purchase from the donor firm, pay a higher price for the donor firm’s products, and make referrals when the firm adopts a frequency-focused (vs. amount-focused) donation strategy to support an approach-oriented (vs. avoidance-oriented) charitable goal. The findings hold important implications for corporate donation strategies regarding how firms should allocate their philanthropic budgets and strategically communicate their donation efforts.
The acceptance of informal payments by doctors is usually viewed as unethical behavior. However, in China, such behavior is a common practice. In this study, we focus on the gender differences in ...accepting red packets (informal payments) by young doctors in China.
A total of 413 young doctors were selected for the study, all of whom were grouped by gender. The questionnaire was designed to include general demographic characteristics, whether they had ever been offered red packets, whether they had ever accepted red packets, the reasons for accepting red packets and so on. Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson's chi-squared test, univariable and multi-variable logistic regressions were used for all analyses by Stata 17.0 SE and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Compared to women, men were more likely to be offered red packets (69.5% 180/259 vs.53.9% 83/154), and the odds ratio (OR) was statistically significant after adjusting for age, education, position and geographical areas (adjusted OR 1.81, p = 0.012). In terms of the question of whether or not they had accepted red packets, more male doctors answered "yes" compared to female doctors (33.3% 60/180 vs.15.7% 13/83, adjusted OR 2.80, p = 0.004). However, among those who had accepted red packets, we found that only 42.0% 25/60 of male doctors considered that it was normal to accept such red packets, compared to 85.0% 11/13 of women (adjusted OR 12.01, p = 0.023).
The study revealed that Chinese patients and their families were more likely to offer red packets to male doctors. Secondly, among doctors who had been offered red packets, male doctors were more likely to accept red packets than female doctors. In addition, among doctors who had accepted red packets, female doctors were more likely to believe that it was not morally wrong to accept such red packets.
Social preference models emphasize that perceived intentions motivate reciprocity. However, laboratory tests of this theory typically manipulate perceived intentions through changes in wealth ...resulting from a sacrifice in pay by another. There is little evidence on whether reciprocity occurs in response to perceived intentions alone, independent of concurrent changes in pay and giver sacrifice (and any associated guilt from that sacrifice). This paper addresses this gap in the literature by implementing a modified dictator game where gifts to dictators are possible, but where gift transactions are also stochastically prevented by nature. This leads to instances of observed gift-giving intentions that yield no sacrifice or change in outcomes. In addition, this study uses both monetary and non-monetary gifts; previous studies typically use only monetary incentives, even though real-world applications of this literature often involve non-monetary incentives such as business or marketing gifts. The results show that on average, dictators reciprocated strongly to just the intention to give a gift, and they also reciprocated similarly to both monetary and non-monetary gifts. These results are consistent with intentions-based models of social preferences and with much of the marketing literature on business gifts.
Increasing public and congressional scrutiny has in recent months led many major medical institutions to adopt stricter conflict of interest regulations such as gift bans and consulting restrictions. ...The new rules are intended to curtail industry influence in medicine. Some physicians, however, argue that they do more harm than good, stifling innovation and hurting patient care.
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