Hybridization is used extensively in commercial layer production. However, heterosis for carcass performance and meat quality of spent laying hens remains unclear, especially under the trend of ...extended laying cycles. In this study, indigenous Beijing-You chickens (Y) and elite White Leghorn layers (W) were selected to generate purebreds (WW and YY) and reciprocal crosses (WY and YW). Data on traits including carcass compositions, meat quality, and main nutrients for breast muscle were collected when chickens were fed to 100 wk of age. Results showed that body weight (BW) and dressed weight for WY and YW with positive heterosis were significantly higher than WW (P < 0.05). YW had the heaviest breast and thigh of 232.28 g and 278.48 g, respectively. The abdominal fat weight for WY and YW were greatly higher than that for WW (P > 0.05). The yields of carcass compositions, including the dressed yield, half eviscerated yield, eviscerated yield, breast yield and thigh yield, did not differ among the four genetic groups (P > 0.05), except for the yield of abdominal fat. The largest heterosis differences appeared in breast weight (12.26% in YW vs. −0.46% in WY) and abdominal fat yield (15.26% in YW vs. 24.55% in WY). Although BW for crossbreds were similar, the specific parts of the carcass between them were different. For meat quality, WY had negative heterosis (P < 0.05) with the lowest lightness and yellowness, whereas YW had the completely opposite trend. Neither pH1h nor pH24h values had differences among purebreds and reciprocal crossbreds (P > 0.05). The drip loss and cooking loss were 4.01%-4.77% and 15.59%-21.31% respectively among the four genetic groups. The main nutrients of breast, including moisture, crude protein, intramuscular fat and unsaturated fatty acid, did not differ for purebreds and crossbreds (P > 0.05), except for saturated fatty acid. In general, the crossbreds even at the later laying period still showed divergent heterosis on carcass performance and meat characteristics. In view of the heterosis, Beijing-You chickens can be used as the sire line in the crossbreeding to improve carcass compositions of spent hens.
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary organic and inorganic zinc on performance and carcass characteristics of ROSS 308 broiler chicks. A total of 420 one-day old ...broilers were randomly allotted to 2 groups with 6-replicates of 35-chicks each. First group fed standard corn-soybean diet supplemented with organic Zn (Vevomin Zn 13 % DSM - at 50% of the broiler strain recommendations) and second group inorganic Zinc sulphate (at 100% of the broiler strain recommendations). Body weight, feed conversion and carcass traits were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, 48 birds (6 males and 6 females from each group) were slaughtered for determination of carcass traits. Body weight at 42 days, dressed broiler carcasses and individual meat cuts were not significantly (P<0.05) influenced by feeding different forms of zinc in the diet. Chicks fed standard corn-soybean diet supplemented with organic Zn had higher body weights. Significant difference was found only at 35 days of age. Supplementation with organic Zn reduced the feed conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05) only in starter and grower period. The results from these trials indicate that feeding standard corn-soybean diet supplemented with organic Zn may better promote the body weight and feed conversion of broiler chicks. Carcass characteristics were not influenced by feeding different forms of zinc in the diet.
This study evaluated chromium and quantitative and qualitative feed restriction as alternative nutritional strategies to ractopamine in finishing barrows. Fifty barrows, genetically similar, with an ...initial body weight of 99.0 ± 4.3 kg and a final body weight of 117.2 ± 5.8 kg were used. The animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five nutritional treatments (Control; Rac = 10ppm ractopamine; Chromium = 0,8mg chromium yeast; Quality = qualitative restriction, 7.5% less net energy in the diet; Quanti = 15% quantitative reduction in feed supply), with five replicates and two animals per replicate. Chromium supplementation and quantitative feed restriction reduced feed, lysine, net energy, and crude protein intakes (P < 0.05). Chromium, ractopamine, and quantitative restriction improved feed conversion (P < 0.05). Supplementation with chromium and ractopamine and feed restriction did not influence the carcass characteristics of the pigs (P < 0.05). Quantitative feed restriction and supplementation of 0.8mg of chromium yeast are presented as potential alternatives to ractopamine in the diet of finishing pigs.
RESUMO: O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o cromo e restrições alimentares quantitativa e qualitativa como estratégias nutricionais alternativas a ractopamina para suínos machos castrados em terminação. Foram utilizados 50 suínos machos castrados, geneticamente similares, com peso inicial de 99,0 ± 4,3 kg e final de 117,2 ± 5,8 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em cinco tratamentos nutricionais (Controle; Rac = 10ppm de ractopamina; Cromo = 0,8mg de cromo levedura; Qualit = restrição qualitativa com menos 7,5% de energia líquida na dieta e Quanti = redução quantitativa de 15% no fornecimento de ração), com cinco repetições e dois animais por repetição. A suplementação de cromo e a restrição alimentar quantitativa reduziram (P < 0,05) os consumos de ração, lisina digestível, energia líquida e proteína bruta. O cromo, a ractopamina e a restrição quantitativa melhoraram (P < 0,05) a conversão alimentar. A suplementação de cromo, ractopamina e as restrições alimentares não influenciam (P < 0,05) as características de carcaça dos suínos. A restrição alimentar quantitativa e a suplementação de 0,8 mg de cromo levedura se apresentam como potenciais alternativas para a substituição da ractopamina nas dietas.
Developing different levels of pasture combinations in goat diets still needs to be well established. Although many farmers have already practiced introducing different kinds of pasture in the goat ...grazing habits, fewer are into feeding goats with various levels of Indigofera and super Napier grass. The study was conducted to assess the effect of different Indigofera and super Napier combinations on the growth performance, morphometry, and carcass characteristics of goats. The study was carried out using a Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) with six treatments replicated four times, where Treatments 1 and 6 served as a control. Tukey HSD test carried out a multi-comparison of means among different treatments. Feeding goats with 100% Indigofera, 80% Super Napier + 20% Indigofera and 100% super Napier significantly resulted in better growth performance of goats, specifically on the final weight (16.93kg, 16.68 kg, and 16.57 kg, respectively) live weight change (3.16 kg, 2.90 kg and 2.67 kg, respectively). Sixty percent super Napier + 40% Indigofera combination significantly affects the feed intake (1.71 kg), while 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera and 60% super Napier + 40% Indigofera significantly influence the feed efficiency of goat (0.60 and 0.76, respectively). One hundred percent Indigofera likewise influenced the chest perimeter (57.20cm), loin eye area (11.66 cm2), gastrointestinal contents (2.90 kg), hot carcass weight (6.72 kg), cold carcass weight (6.45%), pluck weight (0.68 kg), the weight of total trimmable fats (0.33 kg), percentage weight of total trimmable fats (2.02%) and 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera also has a significant effect on the percentage rib cut with a cooler shrink (7.62%) after 60 days of experimentation. These results recommend 80% SN+20% Indigofera, 70% SN + 30% Indigofera, and 60% SN + 40% Indigofera.
The study aimed to ascertain the effects of various Indigofera and Super Napier combinations on goats' morphometry, carcass, and growth characteristics. The experiment was carried out using a ...completely randomized design (CRD), with six treatments replicated four times. Several treatments were compared using multiple means using the Tukey HSD test. The final weights of the 100% Super Napier-fed goats, 16.93 kg, 16.68 kg, and 16.57 kg, respectively, show that these goats greatly surpassed their size (3.16 kg, 2.90 kg, and 2.67 kg) after a 60-day experiment. 100% Indigofera also affected the chest circumference (57.20 cm), loin eye area (11.66 cm2), hot carcass weight (6.72 kg), pluck weight (0.68kg), and percentage weight of total trimmable fats (2.02 kg). Goats should be fed a diet of 80% Super Napier and 20% Indigofera. Since the study was only carried out for 60 days, it may be done over a longer time. Higher weights in the GIT contents and a larger chest circumference (cm) were also noted.
Background: High performance hybrid broilers require a high energy diet to exploit their full genetic potential. Therefore, high energy sources are being used in broiler diet which creates interest ...in the use of emulsifiers along with fat source. Hence, this study was conducted to evolve emulsifier supplementation strategy in low energy diet containing tallow as fat source in commercial broiler chickens. Methods: Total of 150 day old broiler chicks randomly distributed into three treatments with 5 replicates of ten chicks each. Treatment groups were fed basal diet which contains tallow as energy source (T1), basal diet supplemented with emulsifier at 250g per tonne of feed (T2) and 80 kcal Metabolizable energy reduced from basal diet supplemented with emulsifier at the rate of 250g per ton of feed (T3). Result: At 6th week of age significantly highest body weight was noticed in T2 group, lowest feed intake was recorded in T2 group but feed conversion ratio was comparable between T3 (1.72) and T2 (1.74) groups. No significant difference in carcass parameters and serum biochemical parameters were noticed. Emulsifier supplementation with reduced metabolizable energy can be used as a feeding strategy in broiler chickens to improve the production performance.
Effect of probiotics Siti, N.W; Partama, I.B.G; Bidura, I.G.N.G
South African journal of animal science,
03/2019, Letnik:
49, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the probiotics, Saccharomyces spp.Kb-5 and Saccharomyces spp.Kb-8, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum and meat cholesterol levels ...in ducks. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old healthy male ducks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: A) basal diet (control), B) basal diet + 0.20% Saccharomyces spp.Kb-5, C) basal diet + 0.20% Saccharomyces spp.Kb-8, and D) basal diet + 0.10% Saccharomyces spp.Kb-5 + 0.10% Saccharomyces spp.Kb-8. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum and meat cholesterol levels were determined when the ducks were 56 days old. Saccharomyces spp.Kb-5 and Saccharomyces spp.Kb-8, and the incombination, increased bodyweight gains, feed efficiencies and carcass weight significantly, but not affect the amount of feed consumed. The administration of Saccharomyces spp. results in significant lower serum and meat cholesterol concentrations compared to the control. It was concluded that the addition of Saccharomyces spp.Kb-5 and Saccharomyces spp.Kb-8, and the incombination, in the diet increased growth performances, feed efficiency and carcass weight, and decreased serum and meat cholesterol concentrations in male ducklings.
This study was conducted to study the effect of different initial body weights of Awassi Lambs used for fattening and its outcome on growth and some carcass characteristics, 15 Awassi lambs were ...divided into 3 groups which differed in their initial body weight, first group was (22.00 ± 0.22 kg), second group was (29.80 ± 1.21kg), and the third group was (34.20 ± 0.66 kg). All lambs were fed the same ration which consisted of barley, wheat bran and soybean meal, the ration had 14.39 % crude protein and 2499 Kcal/kg of metabolized energy. Results showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the average daily weight gain and total average weight gain in the third group which had the higher initial body weight when compared with first group which had the lowest initial body weight, the results also showed that using lambs with low initial weights in the first group caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in carcass weight as compared with the second and third groups which had lambs fattened with higher initial weights 18.76 kg , 24.63 kg and 25.25 kg for the three groups respectively. Total fat percentage of the carcass decreased significantly in the second group 15.83% in comparison with the first group 17.29% and the third group 18.68%, Total fat percentage was also significantly lower in the first group 2.741kg compared with the third group 4.047kg. This study was conducted to study the effect of different initial body weights of Awassi Lambs used for fattening and its outcome on growth and some carcass characteristics, 15 Awassi lambs were divided into 3 groups which differed in their initial body weight, first group was (22.00 ± 0.22 kg), second group was (29.80 ± 1.21kg), and the third group was (34.20 ± 0.66 kg). All lambs were fed the same ration which consisted of barley, wheat bran and soybean meal, the ration had 14.39 % crude protein and 2499 Kcal/kg of metabolized energy. Results showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the average daily weight gain and total average weight gain in the third group which had the higher initial body weight when compared with first group which had the lowest initial body weight, the results also showed that using lambs with low initial weights in the first group caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in carcass weight as compared with the second and third groups which had lambs fattened with higher initial weights 18.76 kg , 24.63 kg and 25.25 kg for the three groups respectively. Total fat percentage of the carcass decreased significantly in the second group 15.83% in comparison with the first group 17.29% and the third group 18.68%, Total fat percentage was also significantly lower in the first group 2.741kg compared with the third group 4.047kg.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of grain- and grass-finishing systems on carcass characteristics of bison bulls and proximate and fatty acid compositions of bison steaks. ...Bison bulls grazed native pasture until approximately 25 mo of age, then were randomly assigned to grain-finishing (n=98) or grass-finishing (n=98) treatments. Bulls were slaughtered at approximately 30 mo of age. Hot carcass weight (HCW), ribeye area, backfat thickness, kidney fat percentage, marbling score, and instrumental color (L*,a*, and b*) of the ribeye and subcutaneous fat were recorded. Skeletal maturity, lean maturity, and fat color were subjectively scored. Strip loins were collected from a sub-sample of carcasses, fabricated into 2.5-cm steaks, and designated for proximate, cholesterol, or fatty acid analyses. Grain-finished bulls had greater (P<0.0001) HCW, dressing percentage, ribeye area, backfat thickness, kidney fat percentage,and marbling score. The a* and b* values of the ribeye and a* value of subcutaneous fat were greater (P<0.0001), but the L* and b* values of subcutaneous fat were less (P<0.0001) for grain-finished bulls. A greater proportion (P<0.001) of grain-finished carcasses had moderately bright red lean color, whereas a greater proportion (P<0.0001) of grass-finished carcasses had moderately yellow fat color. Steaks from grain-finished bulls had an increased percentage of crude protein (P<0.0001), fat (P<0.0001), and ash (P=0.0006) content but less moisture (P<0.0001). Steaks from grain-finished bulls had more (P<0.001) cholesterol and palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in addition to more total fatty acids (mg/g of wet tissue). However, for total fatty acids, grass-finished steaks had a greater (P<0.0001) percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These data indicate that the finishing system influences the composition of bison bull carcasses as well as the nutrient profile of bison meat.
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