The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of varied amount of earthworm meal (EW) and vermi-humus (VH) on the growth performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-d-old broiler ...chickens were assigned to 5 starter treatments with 5 pens per treatment, and 12 broiler chickens per pen in a completely randomized design from d 0–14 of the study. Dietary treatments were per kilogram dry matter (DM): control (0g EW and 0g VH/kg of DM), and the diets containing 10g VH/kg of DM supplemented with 0, 10, 20, or 30g EW/kg of DM. At the end of the study (d 42), one representative broiler chicken per pen, close to the average body weight, was selected for blood sampling using a sterile needle and heparinized vacuum tube. The outcomes of the study depicted the greater overall feed intake value in broiler chicken fed the control diet than those fed the diets containing VH or EW or both, and it decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as the amount of EW supplementation increased. The average weight gain for the chickens was numerically increased as supplementation of EW was increased (linear, P=0.3; quadratic P=0.4). On the other hand, overall feed conversation ratio was slightly greater (P=0.02) in broiler chickens fed the control diet, and it decreased linearly (P=0.03) as dietary EW supplementation increased. Additionally, the serum total protein, albumin, Ca, and P concentrations were lower in broiler chickens fed the control diet, and those variables increased linearly (P<0.05) as dietary EW increased. In like manner, humoral immune response (except heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) and relative weights of immune organs were lower in broiler chickens fed the control diet. Remarkable differences were observed between carcass and ileum characteristics of broiler chickens under treatments. Varied concentrations of EW showed increased total counts of lactic acid bacteria (linear, P<0.05; quadratic, P=0.3) and reduced population of pathogenic intestinal microbiota (linear, P<0.05; quadratic, P>0.05). Similarly, the meat quality of broiler chicken was markedly affected linearly (P<0.05) by the supplementation of increased dietary EW. Briefly, diets containing 30g EW/kg of DM can positively affect the growth performance of broiler chickens and produce meat with better characteristics.
•Blood Ca and P increased and cholesterol decreased with feeding earthworm.•Antibodies of avian influenza increased with feeding earthworm.•Earthworm decreased intestinal E. coli and increased intestinal lactic acid bacteria.•Earthworm at 3% of diet decreased feed intake and increased feed conversion.•Earthworm and vermihumus improved chick's performance and meat characteristics.
Supplementation of methionine (Met) in broiler chicken diets is essential to support productive performance and optimise carcass yield. Met is the first limiting amino acid in corn and soybean-meal ...based diets for poultry. The DL-Met form is the main source used in broiler diets, but other sources such as acid free hydroxy-analogous methionine (HMA-FA) are available. Studies have indicated that the molar bioequivalence of HMA-FA is approximately 88% compared with DL-Met at 99% for growth traits. However, differences in absorption and metabolism between Met sources can influence their efficacy, especially when broilers are exposed to high temperatures. The substitution of DL-Met by HMA-FA is a potential strategy to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress because it is passively absorbed in the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights the effects of substituting HMA-FA for DL-Met in diets for broiler chickens reared in different thermal environments.
•DAI supplementation improved growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.•DAI elevated serum IGF-1 and testosterone concentrations and antioxidant capacity.•DAI improved pork quality by changes of ...the glucose and lipid metabolism.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary daidzein (DAI) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Seventy-two DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) male castrated growing-pigs were randomly assigned to four treatments, and fed with a basal diet (CON) or basal diet containing different doses of DAI (12.5, 37.5, and 62.5 mg/kg). Results showed that DAI supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG). Moreover, DAI not only elevated the serum insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone concentrations (P < 0.05), but also elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Interestingly, DAI supplementation at high dose (62.5 mg/kg) significantly increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) content but reduced the fat content in liver (P < 0.05). The drip loss and shear force were both decreased in pigs treated with 62.5 mg/kg DAI (P < 0.05). DAI supplementation elevated the expression level of MyHC I and decreased the expression level of MyHC IIb in longissimus thoracis (P < 0.05). Importantly, DAI altered the expression profiles of critical metabolic genes in the longissimus thoracis and liver. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) genes were downregulated in the longissimus thoracis (P < 0.05). However, the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) genes were upregulated by DAI (P < 0.05). In the liver, DAI elevated the expression level of glucokinase (GCK) but decreased the expression level of ACC1 (P < 0.05). These results not only indicate a beneficial effect of dietary DAI supplementation on growth performance but also offer potential mechanisms behind the DAI-regulated meat quality in pigs.
This study investigated the effect of supplementing diet with milk thistle seed powder (MTSP) on performance and carcass characteristics of Romanov×Shawl crossbred lambs. Thirty Romanov×Shawl ...crossbred lambs (six-month-old) were fed diets containing zero (without MTSP), 1 % and 2 % MTSP (wheat bran substitute) in a completely randomized design for 90 days. Lambs fed diet containing 2 % MTSP had higher dry matter intake, final body weight, and daily weight gain (P < 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was observed for the 2 % MTSP treatment (P < 0.05). The weights of lean meat, warm and cold carcasses, percentage of bone, and ratio of meat to bone were higher in lambs fed with 2 % MTSP diet (P < 0.05) compared with other groups. Eye muscle weight was higher in lambs fed 1 % and 2 % MTSP diets than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The highest perirenal fat was observed in the lambs fed the control diet (P < 0.05). The heart fat weight was decreased linearly with the addition of MTSP diet (P < 0.05). Spleen weight increased linearly by feeding 2 % MTSP compared to other groups. Feeding diet containing MTSP increased meat protein and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde in Longissimus thoracis (P < 0.05). The results indicated that feeding the diet containing MTSP, especially at the level of 2 %, improved performance, carcass characteristics, and physicochemical parameters of Longissimus thoracis in lambs.
•Feeding milk thistle seed (MTS) to lambs increase DMI, and daily weight gain.•The best feed conversion ratio was observed by adding 2 % MTS in lambs’ diet.•Carcass and meat quality improved by feeding Milk thistle seed powder.•MTS improves the physicochemical characteristics of Longissimus thoracis.•2 % MTS may be beneficial as a natural growth promoter in the meat production.
•Sericea lespedeza (SL) is adapted to various edaphoclimatic conditions.•SL is endowed with phytochemical compounds and has moderate nutritional quality.•SL inhibits helminthiasis while improving ...antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.•Feeding SL enhances animal health and meat production.•SL could be a sustainable feed resource for small ruminant meat production.
Small ruminants significantly contribute towards livelihood, food and nutrition security for people living in semiarid low-to-middle-income countries. However, their productivity is largely constrained by feed shortages, prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and postharvest meat losses. The current review explores the possibility of using sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza juncea var. sericea) as a natural helminth suppressant, feed ingredient and meat preservative for improving small ruminant health, meat production and shelf life. Sericea lespedeza has moderate contents of crude protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and diverse composition of physiologically active substances such as condensed tannins, sterols and flavanols from which it derives nutritional, anti-bloat, helminth suppressant, antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. Overall, the present review demonstrates the potential of feeding sericea lespedeza to small ruminants as a sustainable means of controlling GIN and enhancing meat production and shelf life, while also reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, more research is required to determine optimal feeding strategies and doses for reducing GHG emissions while improving health, meat production and quality of small ruminants.
The influence of dietary non-phytate phosphorous (NPP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, bone quality and serum parameters were investigated to determine the NPP requirement of ...slow-growing feather-frizzled broilers aged from 1 to 21 days. A total of 480 1-day-old indigenous slow-growing male feather-frizzled broilers were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 cage replicates of 10 birds each using a completely randomized design. They were fed with corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (containing 0.13 % of NPP) supplemented with 0.00 %, 0.08 %, 0.16 %, 0.24 %, 0.32 %, and 0.40 % of inorganic phosphorus (CaHPO4.2 H2O), respectively. The experimental diets contained a constant 0.90% calcium. Results showed that body weight gain, feed intake, eviscerated carcass ratio, tibia breaking strength, tibia and toe ash or phosphorous concentrations, femoral strength and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration were affected (P < 0.010) by dietary NPP level, and showed significant quadratic responses (P < 0.030) to dietary NPP levels. The estimates of dietary NPP requirements were 0.25–0.36 % based on the best fitted broken-line or quadratic models (P < 0.029) of the above performance, serum and bone parameters. In conclusion, the NPP requirements would be about 0.25 % to obtain the optimum growth performance and carcass yield, and 0.36 % to meet bone development and P metabolism for such slow-growing feather-frizzled broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age.
•Determine non-phytate phosphorus requirement (NPP) for slow-growing feather-frizzled broilers from 1 to 21 days of age.•The optimal NPP ranged from 0.25% for growth and carcass yield, to 0.36 % for bone quality and P metabolism of broilers.•Carcass characteristics might be new consideration of indices.
This study aimed to examine the transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (TGFBR2) gene, for the association with carcass characteristics and meat quality. This study used 95 samples of rams ...consisting of 9 garut composite sheep (GCS), 12 garut sheep (GS), 9 compass agrinac sheep (CAS), 10 barbados cross sheep (BCS), 10 jonggol sheep (JS), and 45 javanese thintailed (JTT) with the same treatment and condition. The polymorphism identification of the TGFBR2 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with SNP target g.5112179A>G. This study observed carcass characteristics and meat quality, including body weight, hot carcass, carcass percentage, carcass length, cold carcass, meat pH, tenderness, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity. The association between the TGFBR2 gene with carcass characteristics and meat quality was analyzed using a general linear model (GLM). The result showed that the TGFBR2 gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with carcass length, carcass percentage, and tenderness. The TGFBR2 gene had two genotypes, AA and AG, with the highest genotype frequency being the AG genotype. The AA genotype was associated with a higher level of carcass percentage and tenderness, while the AG genotype was associated with a higher level of carcass length. It can be concluded that the TGFBR2 gene reveals a potential candidate gene to select sheep meat with high carcass characteristics and meat quality.
The purpose of this study was to predict the carcass characteristics of broilers using support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model methods. Data were obtained from 176 ...yellow feather broilers aged 100-day-old (90 males and 86 females). The input variables were live body measurements, including external measurements and B-ultrasound measurements. The predictors of the model were the weight of abdominal fat and breast muscle in male and female broilers, respectively. After descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the datasets were randomly divided into train set and test set according to the ratio of 7:3 to establish the model. The results of this study demonstrated that it is feasible to use machine learning methods to predict carcass characteristics of broilers based on live body measurements. Compared with the ANN method, the SVR method achieved better prediction results, for predicting breast muscle (male: R2 = 0.950; female: R2 = 0.955) and abdominal fat (male: R2 = 0.802; female: R2 = 0.944) in the test set. Consequently, the SVR method can be considered to predict breast muscle and abdominal fat of broiler chickens, except for abdominal fat in male broilers. However, further revaluation of the SVR method is suggested.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted In Animal Production Department fields, at college of agriculture and forestry, University of Mosul, by using 24awassi male lambs average body weight 26.43± 2.46 kg ...and their ages ranged 5-6 months, lambs were divided into four treatments and fed ration consisting of barley, wheat bran, wheat straw and urea. The lambs were fed the first treatment (control) without additives, while 10 g/lamb/day dry bread yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) was added to the second treatment, 10g/lamb/day of probiotic was added to the third treatment, and the fourth treatment was added in a mixture of 5 g dry bread yeast and 5 g probiotic/lamb/day. The results were showed that daily feed intake of feed was 999, 1171, 1004, 1104 g/lamb/day, Daily body weight gain increased significantly(P<0.05) 129, 201, 152, 205 g/lamb/day. Hot carcass weight incresed (P<0.05) in the second and third treatmeata as compared first (control) 19.706, 23.750, 21.380, 24.516 kg. Also results indicated that there were significant differences (P <0.05) for the third and fourth treatments in rumen pH after 2 hours of feeding were 5.43, 5.78, 6.11 , 5.97 respectively. no significant differences were noted in serum parameters. Through the results, it is noted that most of the productive representative of the additive treatments of dry bread yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) are added.
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