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•Gene cluster for exopolysaccharides biosynthesis was identified for the first time in genome of any species of Pediococcus acidilactici (NCDC 252).•Exoplysaccharides were purified ...and found to be α-glucan having CO, C–H and OH groups..•Exopolysaccharides exhibited antioxidant-reduction potential in dose dependent manner.•Anti-cancer activity of exopolysaccharides was observed in HCT116 cell line.
Probioceuticals are probiotic-derived biologically active compounds that positively influence human health. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are long chain polymers of sugars and their derivatives with diverse biological functions. The objective of this work was to study EPS from Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) NCDC 252, a potential probiotic. In silico analysis of PA NCDC 252 genome revealed an EPS gene cluster (10 genes) and genes were further analysed for their functional domains and products. EPS from PA NCDC 252 were purified by ethanol precipitation and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Molecular mass of purified EPS was 89.1 KDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. Structural and component analysis by FTIR, NMR and UPLC revealed purified EPS to be linear homopolysaccharides (α-glucans) with few α-(1→3) branches. in vitro studies showed anti-oxidant, reduction potential and anti-cancer activity in dose dependent manner. Total antioxidant potential of EPS was 11.9 %. In-vitro cell viability assay revealed anti-proliferative effect of EPS on human colon cancer cell line (HCT116). At 10 and 100 μg/mL, EPS inhibited HCT116 cells up to 67.1 % and 87.3 % respectively. These results suggest that PA EPS can be therapeutically used as anti-oxidant and anticancer agent after in vivo studies.
Dynamic light scattering optical coherence microscopy (DLS-OCM) integrates DLS, which measures diffusion or flow of particles by analyzing fluctuations in light scattered by the particles, and OCM, ...which achieves single-cell resolution by combining coherence and confocal gating, integratively enabling cellular-resolution 3D mapping of the diffusion coefficient, and flow velocity. The diffusion coefficient mapping has a potential for the non-destructive measurement of cellular viability in the standard unit but has not been validated yet. Here, we present DLS-OCM imaging of intra-cellular motility (ICM) as a surrogate of cellular viability. For this purpose, we have simultaneously obtained and compared ICM-contrast DLS-OCM images and calcium fluorescence-contrast images of retinal ganglion cells, and then characterized the responses of the measured ICM to a change in cellular viability induced by environmental conditions such as temperature and pH. The diffusion-coefficient-represented ICM exhibits consistent changes with the manipulated cellular viability.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by aberrant accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the ...regulatory effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MAGI2-AS3 and microRNA-374b-5p (miR-374b-5p) on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, as well as the relationship between MAGI2-AS3 and miR-374b-5p in AD patients.
A luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the interaction between MAGI2-AS3 and miR-374b-5p and between miR-374b-5p and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells treated with Aβ25–35 were used to mimic neuronal injury and neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis. Cell viability was evaluated using a MTT assay, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using ELISA kits. MAGI2-AS3 and miR-374b-5p expression was examined using quantitative real-time PCR.
BACE1 served as a target gene of miR-374b-5p, and MAGI2-AS3 could sponge miR-374b-5p. The expression of MAGI2-AS3 was increased, and miR-374b-5p was decreased in both SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells exposed to Aβ25–35. MAGI2-AS3 reduction enhanced neuronal viability and attenuated neuroinflammation in AD cell models, and miR-374b-5p overexpression led to same effects, but miR-374b-5p inhibition reversed these effects. Serum MAGI2-AS3 and miR-374b-5p levels in AD patients were negatively correlated and correlated with disease severity.
The findings indicated that the MAGI2-AS3/miR-374b-5p axis regulates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and neuroinflammation in BV2 cells. The MAGI2-AS3/miR-374b-5p axis may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
•MAGI2-AS3 sponges miR-374b-5p in both SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells.•MAGI2-AS3 reduction alleviates neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD cell models.•miR-374b-5p mediates the biological function of MAGI2-AS3 in AD cell models.•The MAGI2-AS3/miR-374b-5p axis expression was aberrant in serum of AD patients.
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A combination of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) or graphene oxide or both of them with cellulose acetate (CA) enhances a new functionality of nanofibers aiming to improve ...bio-composite materials for wound healing application. The obtained nanofibers have been investigated using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. It was observed that the maximum height of the roughness increased from 253 to 651.9 nm for both GO and ZnO/GO in the powdered phase, while it plunged from 613 to 482 nm and developed to 801 nm for ZnO@CA, GO@CA, and ZnO/GO@CA, receptively. Further, the mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds have been tested and displayed a tremendous variation of tensile strength from 5.44 ± 0.81 to 12.87 ± 0.93 and 8.82 ± 1.2 MPa, while the toughness increased from 23.29 ± 1.4 to 68.95 ± 4.5 and 57.75 ± 3.6 MJ/m3 for ZnO@CA, GO@CA and ZnO/GO@CA, receptively. Moreover, the cell viability was investigated and showed a progression of 97.38 ± 3.9% for ZnO/GO@CA. Furthermore, the adhesion of human fibroblasts cell line towards the obtained nanofibrous scaffolds were examined and displayed that cells were proliferated and spread considerably through the scaffolds, whereas their filopodia have followed the morphology of the fibers.
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•Cell separation by mini-hydrocyclones is investigated by experiments and simulation.•Turbulent-induced shear stress in hydrocyclones is first revealed.•Distribution of shear stress ...magnitude in hydrocyclones is investigated.•Cell viability loss is analyzed with respect to the magnitude of shear stress.•Hydrocyclone cone angle and inlet velocity affect the magnitude of shear stress.
Mini-hydrocyclones have been increasingly used as retention devices to separate mammalian cells in the continuous cell culture. However, the cell viability loss after running through mini-hydrocyclones varies even for the same cell, e.g., the most widely used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The reasons behind this problem are unclear. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the CHO cell viability loss in mini-hydrocyclones with respect to the magnitude of shear stress. The viability loss of CHO cells is measured experimentally. The distributions of shear stress magnitude are revealed using a validated numerical model. The experimental results show that the cell viability loss increases with the increase of hydrocyclone cone angle or the inlet velocity. This result can be explained by the increased shear stress magnitude in the mini-hydrocyclones.
This study investigated the ecotoxicity and in vitro safety profile of novel metallic nanoparticles (silver and titanium dioxide) prepared from Aloe vera extract by biosynthesis method, evaluating ...the acute toxicity and bioaccumulation in soil. Samples were analyzed for phytotoxicity against Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus and Brassica oleracea, soil toxicity (ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg mL−1) and biocompatibility by MTT (in VERO and L929 cells ranging from 12.5 to 100 µg mL−1). Phytotoxicity assays showed that for Lactuca sativa seeds, all nanoparticles showed toxicity for all tested concentrations (12.5–100 mg mL−1), while for Cucumis sativus seeds TiO2-NPs in concentrations of 12.5, 50 and 100 mg mL−1 and AgNPs in concentrations of 25 and 100 mg mL−1. For Brassica oleracea, the TiO2-NPs (100 mg mL−1), Ag/TiNPs (12.5 and 100 mg mL−1) and AgNPs (12.5 and 100 mg mL−1) demonstrated toxicity. For cytotoxicity assays, AgNPs and Ag/TiNPs showed a decrease in the cell viability for the two strains tested (99–50.7 % for VERO and 99–45.3 % for L929). Therefore, the results will contribute to understanding the main parameters of phytotoxicity, bioavailability and biocompatibility of separate metallic nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs and AgNPs) and combined (Ag/TiNPs).
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second cause of death globally. Conventional cancer therapy includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, therapy is ...often limited by low efficacy or significant adverse side effects. Therefore, safer and more efficient therapeutic agents are essential. Flavonoids, compounds largely found in the plant kingdom, have shown promising cancer-inhibiting properties. Although the cytotoxic effect of flavonoids in human cancer cell lines is widely reported, the corresponding effect in healthy human cells is underreported. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of a group of flavonoids hydroxylated at C-7, C-3′, and C-4′ in lung fibroblasts. To achieve this, the MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cell line was incubated with flavonoids, 0–160 µM, with additional hydroxy groups at C-3, C-6, or C-5′, or chlorine at C-3. After incubation for 48 h, the inhibition of cell viability and growth was measured using WST-8 and sulforhodamine B assays, respectively. The presence of the 3- or 5-hydroxy groups was associated with lower cytotoxicity at low concentrations (40 µM); meanwhile, at higher concentrations (>40 µM), only the presence of the 5-hydroxy group seemed to be related to low cytotoxicity. Although additional studies are required, these results reveal substituted flavonoids with lower in vitro toxicity in healthy human cells.
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