•The microbiota on fruit surfaces, not just pathogens, affected the rot of the cherry fruit.•Low-temperature storage prominently reduced the microbial α-diversity and network complexity on fruit ...surfaces.•Fungal microbiota was more sensitive to cherry postharvest rot than bacterial microbiota.
Ripe fruit is susceptible to postharvest rotting induced by microbial pathogens. The development of fruit storage technologies requires a comprehensive understanding of the overall microbial community involved in fruit storage. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of bacteria and fungi on cherry surfaces under room-temperature storage condition (25 ℃) and low-temperature storage condition (0 ℃) using high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that Enterobacter, Erwinia, Botrytis, and unidentified Pleosporales were significantly enriched in the rotten samples, while Bacillus and Aureobasidium were enriched in the unrotten samples. After the fruit rotted, more dramatic changes were observed in fungal microbiota than in bacterial microbiota. Rotting significantly reduced fungal α-diversity without noticeably altering bacterial α-diversity, under both room-temperature storage and low-temperature storage conditions. Furthermore, temperature condition significantly impacted the composition of the surface microbiota of cherries, and the microbiota changed more significant when rotting under room-temperature storage condition than under low-temperature storage condition. Low-temperature storage reduced the α-diversity and network complexity. Significant correlations among potential pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, and other microbiota members indicated that in addition to pathogens, microbiota along with pathogens also influences fruit rot. This study provides new insight into the dynamics of the microbiome in cherries during storage.
Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop in China with a high economic value. From 2019 to 2020, a leaf spot disease was reported, with purplish-brown circular lesions in three cultivating regions in ...China. Twenty-four Fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased samples and were identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Seven species, including F. luffae (7 isolates), F. lateritium (6 isolates), F. compactum (5 isolates), F. nygamai (2 isolates), F. citri (2 isolates), F. ipomoeae (1 isolate) and F. curvatum (1 isolate) were identified. The pathogenicity test showed that analyzed strains of all species could produce lesions on detached cherry leaves. Therefore, Fusarium was proved to be a pathogen of cherry leaf spots in China. This is the first report of F. luffae, F. compactum, F. nygamai, F. citri, F. ipomoeae and F. curvatum on sweet cherry in China.
This study ascertained whether a proprietary tart cherry juice blend (CherryPharm, Inc., Geneva, NY, USA) associated with anecdotal reports of sleep enhancement improves subjective reports of ...insomnia compared to a placebo beverage. The pilot study used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design where each participant received both treatment and placebo for 2 weeks with an intervening 2-week washout period. Sleep continuity (sleep onset, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) was assessed by 2-week mean values from daily sleep diaries and disease severity by the Insomnia Severity Index in a cohort of 15 older adults with chronic insomnia who were otherwise healthy. The tart cherry juice beverage was associated with statistically significant pre- to post-treatment improvements on all sleep variables. When compared to placebo, the study beverage produced significant reductions in insomnia severity (minutes awake after sleep onset); no such improvements were observed for sleep latency, total sleep time, or sleep efficiency compared to placebo. Effect sizes were moderate and in some cases negligible. The results of this pilot study suggest that CherryPharm, a tart cherry juice blend, has modest beneficial effects on sleep in older adults with insomnia with effect sizes equal to or exceeding those observed in studies of valerian and in some, but not all, studies of melatonin, the two most studied natural products for insomnia. These effects, however, were considerably less than those for evidence-based treatments of insomnia: hypnotic agents and cognitive-behavioral therapies for insomnia.
The identification of phenolics from various cultivars of fresh sweet and sour cherries and their protective effects on neuronal cells were comparatively evaluated in this study. Phenolics in ...cherries of four sweet and four sour cultivars were extracted and analyzed for total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and their antineurodegenerative activities. Total phenolics in sweet and sour cherries per 100 g ranged from 92.1 to 146.8 and from 146.1 to 312.4 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Total anthocyanins of sweet and sour cherries ranged from 30.2 to 76.6 and from 49.1 to 109.2 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that anthocyanins such as cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were prevalent phenolics. Hydroxycinnamic acids consisted of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid derivatives. Glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were also found. Generally, sour cherries had higher concentrations of total phenolics than sweet cherries, due to a higher concentration of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids. A positive linear correlation (r 2 = 0.985) was revealed between the total anthocyanins measured by summation of individual peaks from HPLC analysis and the total anthocyanins measured by the pH differential method, indicating that there was in a close agreement with two quantifying methods for measuring anthocyanin contents. Cherry phenolics protected neuronal cells (PC 12) from cell-damaging oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner mainly due to anthocyanins. Overall results showed that cherries are rich in phenolics, especially in anthocyanins, with a strong antineurodegenerative activity and that they can serve as a good source of biofunctional phytochemicals in our diet. Keywords: Anthocyanins; oxidative stress; PC 12 cells; reversed-phase HPLC; sweet and sour cherries; total phenolics
The use of online surveys has become a valuable and widely employed tool in health research. However, the use of such instruments necessitates methodological rigor and optimization in their design to ...achieve the best response rates. Drawing upon relevant literature and the international CHERRIES guidelines for the development of online surveys, this article addresses methodological aspects related to ethical considerations and data protection (with reference to the Association of Internet Research's online ethics guide), study design and validation, recruitment, data collection processes, and data management and analysis. In conclusion, given the context of overexposure to online surveys, which can influence recruitment and response rates, strategies for their maximization are provided, encompassing both static and dynamic aspects of survey design.
El uso de encuestas online se ha convertido en una herramienta útil y muy utilizada en la investigación sanitaria. Sin embargo, el uso de este tipo de instrumentos necesita de una rigurosidad metodológica y de una optimización en su diseño para obtener las mejores tasas de respuesta. En base a bibliografía de referencia, así como a la guía internacional CHERRIES para el desarrollo de encuestas online, se proporciona aspectos metodológicos relacionados con: los aspectos éticos y protección de datos (siendo un referente la guía de ética online de la Association of Internet Research), el diseño y la validación del estudio, el reclutamiento, el proceso de recogida de datos, y el manejo y análisis de datos. Para finalizar, en un contexto de sobreexposición a las encuestas online, que puede afectar al reclutamiento y la tasa de respuestas, se aportan estrategias para su maximización, que tienen que ver con cuestiones estáticas como dinámicas de su diseño.
•Adding CaCl2 in hydro-cooling water at 0.2–2.0% increased tissue Ca content of cherries.•Increased Ca content increased cherry firmness and reduced pitting.•Increased Ca content inhibited fruit ...senescence, maintained quality and enhanced total antioxidant capacity.•Pedicel quality was retained by CaCl2 at 0.2–0.5%, but damaged at 1.0–2.0%.•Adding CaCl2 to hydro-cooling water at appropriate rates can improve shipping quality of cherries.
To improve storage/shipping quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) added to hydro-cooling water on physiological and biochemical processes related to fruit and pedicel quality was investigated on two major cultivars. The fruit tissue Ca content increased up to 29–85% logarithmically for ‘Sweetheart’ and 39–188% linearly for ‘Lapins’ as CaCl2 rate increased from 0.2% to 2.0% at 0°C for 5min. The increase of fruit tissue Ca content was accompanied by reductions in respiration rate, ascorbic acid degradation, and membrane lipid peroxidation, which enhanced total phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity, and resulted in increases in fruit firmness and pitting resistance and decreases in titratable acidity loss and decay of both cultivars. Pedicel browning was inhibited by CaCl2 at 0.2% and 0.5%, but increased by higher rates at 1.0% and 2.0%, possibly via modifying membrane lipid peroxidation.
Cherry productivity is challenging in Europe due to the presence of the cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi). Trunk injection is an alternative method of insecticide delivery that may improve ...pesticide performance in controlling pests. In our study, four pesticides (abamectin, acetamiprid, flupyradifurone, and cyantraniliprole) were investigated for trunk injection against R. cerasi. Acetamiprid trunk injection in a minimum dose of 0.56 g/tree was suitable for protection against the pest, the efficacy of the control was over 95%, and the pesticide residue concentrations in the fruits were below the maximum permissible limit in each experiment. The trunk injection and foliar spray of the same dose of acetamiprid were equally effective. In the case of the other three active ingredients (abamectin, flupyradifurone, and cyantraniliprole), the trunk injection method did not prove suitable for practical use due to various reasons, which are detailed in the manuscript.
Postharvest irradiation with blue light increases anthocyanin content in sweet cherries.
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•Irradiation with blue light increased anthocyanin content in refrigerated sweet ...cherries.•Blue and white-blue-green light increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity.•High correlation was found between phenylalanine ammonia lyase and anthocyanins.•UV-B light had no significant effect on anthocyanins and phenyalanine ammonia lyase.
Light influences postharvest formation of bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical changes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase activities in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) irradiated with light-emitting diodes. Cherries were stored under light-emitting diodes for 10 days, exposed to UV-B and blue light, and to the combination of white, blue and green light. Irradiation with blue light significantly increased the anthocyanin content (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) and significantly influenced the CIE color parameters hue, C* and ΔE. Combined white-blue-green light provoked similar but less pronounced effects, while UV-B light was similar to control (in the dark). Blue and white-blue-green light increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. Light irradiation had no significant effects on ascorbic acid and the phenolic profile. Highly significant correlations were found between anthocyanins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase on the one side, and the color parameters hue, C* and ΔE on the other.
In this study, the antioxidant and antiradical properties of cherry stem (Cerasus avium L.) were examined. The ferric thiocyanate method, ferric ion (Fe3+) and cupric ion (Cu2+) reducing assays and ...ferrous ions (Fe3+) chelating assay were used in order to measure the antioxidant activity of the plant. Also, its antiradical activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant were determined. It was indicated that, both the water extract of cherry stem (WECS) and ethanol extract of cherry stem (EECS) have both antioxidant and antiradical properties, and there is a correlation between these properties and the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Quantities of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, α-tocopherol, pyrogallol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid and ascorbic acid were detected by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). This study will bring an innovation for further studies conducted on the antioxidant properties of WECS and EECS.
► The quantities of polyphenolic in extracts were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. ► Pyrogallol and ferulic acid were found as major phenolic in extracts. ► Total phenolic content is determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reactive method. ► Antioxidant activity was evaluated by different bioanalytical methods.
Floral bud dormancy release of fruit tree species is greatly influenced by climate change. The lack of chilling accumulation often results in the occurrence of abnormal flower and low yields of sweet ...cherries (
L.) in warm regions. To investigate the regulation of dormancy in sweet cherries, six
genes with homology to peach
, designated
, have been identified and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicate that these genes are similar to
in peach, apple and pear. The expression patterns of the
in the low-chill cultivar 'Royal Lee' were different from that in the high-chill cultivar 'Hongdeng'. 'Royal Lee' exhibits lower transcriptional level of
compared to 'Hongdeng', especially at the stage of chilling accumulation, and transcriptional levels of
were high in both cultivars during the endodormancy. Ectopic expression of
and
in
resulted in plants with abnormal flower and seed development, especially the
. Higher transcriptional levels of
were observed in transgenic
lines, and ectopic expression of
had the similar floral phenotype. Further, protein interaction analysis demonstrated that PavDAM1/5 could interact with PavSOC1 in vivo and in vitro, which will help clarify the molecular mechanism of the flower development in sweet cherry or other fruit trees.
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