In this study, the cherries production in Turkey, and the energy equivalences of input used in this production are investigated. The data were collected through a survey study from the business ...enterprises in the Tokat region, where intensive cherries production takes place. The following results were obtained at the end of the study: with 42%, the input of fertilizer is the highest within the energy equivalences of input used in cherries production. This is followed by electricity and fuel (diesel) with 22% and 21%, respectively. The energy equivalences of chemicals, human labour, machinery and irrigation water were found to be low. The input/output ratio in the production of cherries was found as 0.96. This shows that the inputs used in the production of cherries are not used efficiently. Hence, human resources should be improved, sustainable agriculture should be extended and conscious farming should be provided. The extension staff has very important responsibilities on this subject.
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on ...inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30–40 kg/msup.2 ) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults.
Sweet cherries are economically important fruit trees, and their quality changes during development need to be determined. The mechanism of fruit quality changes in sweet cherries were determined by ...analyzing sweet cherry fruits at 12 developmental stages. The results showed that the soluble sugar, anthocyanin content, and hormones of sweet cherries all changed drastically during the color transition. Therefore, the fruits at the beginning of color conversion, at the end of color conversion, and at the ripening state were selected for the comprehensive analysis of their metabolome and transcriptome. Different sugars, such as D-glucose, sucrose, and trehalose, were identified in the metabolome. Dihydroquercetin, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutincoside, and other flavonoid species were also identified. D-glucose and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were among the most important components of sweet cherry soluble sugars and anthocyanins, respectively. The transcriptional analysis identified key structural genes and nine transcription factors involved in the ABA, sugar, organic acid, and anthocyanin synthesis pathways, with the following specific regulatory patterns.
,
, and
regulate fruit sugar accumulation mainly by acting on
,
, and
.
is involved in the synthesis of anthocyanin precursors by activating
and
, whereas
mainly regulates
and
.
,
and
have important positive regulatory significance on anthocyanin accumulation, mainly by activating the expression of
,
, and
.
Cherries are good sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that are widely considered to be potentially healthy. Here we investigated the protective activities of juice and wine products of tart and ...sweet cherries and their constituent anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4). Total phenolics in the cherry juices and wines were 56.7–86.8
mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/l and 79.4–149
mg GAE/l, respectively. Total anthocyanins in the cherry juices and wines were 7.9–50.1
mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents (CGE)/l and 29.6–63.4
mg CGE/l, respectively. Both cherry juices and wines exerted protective effects against oxidative stress induced by H
2O
2 on V79-4 cells and also enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, in a dose-dependent manner. The protection of V79-4 cells from oxidative stress by phenolics was mainly attributable to anthocyanins. The positive correlation between the protective effects against oxidative stress in V79-4 cells and the antioxidant enzyme activities was stronger for cyanidin 3-glucoside than for cyanidin 3-rutinoside.
Sugars, organic acids, phenolics and anthocyanins in fruits of 13 sweet cherry cultivars: Badascony, Burlat, Early Van Compact, Fercer, Fernier, Ferprime, Lala Star, Lapins, Noire de Meched, Sylvia, ...Vesseaux, Vigred (red-coloured) and Ferrador (bi-coloured) were quantified by HPLC. Sweet cherry cultivars of different pomological characteristics and different time of ripening were evaluated sensorily. Cultivars were evaluated for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The sum of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol) ranged from 125 to 265
g/kg fresh weight (FW) and the sum of organic acids (malic, citric, shikimic and fumaric) ranged from 3.67 to 8.66
g/kg
FW. Total phenolic content ranged from 44.3 to 87.9
mg gallic acid equivalents/100
g
FW and antioxidant activity ranged from 8.0 to 17.2
mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity mg/100
g
FW. The correlation of antioxidant activity with total phenolics content and content of anthocyanins was cultivar dependent.
Peach trees play an essential role as an economic crop in China. However, the increasing cost of labor has led to a decline in the benefits of peach cultivation. The use of dwarfing rootstock ...technology can increase planting density, reduce tree height, decrease labor requirements, and reduce production costs. The Cerasus humilis (Bge). Sok. is a promising dwarfing rootstock for peaches owing to its small tree size, abundant resources, strong resistance, and adaptability. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cerasus humilis rootstocks on peach growth and development, and related gene expression. We used Ruipan 4/Cerasus humilis and Ruipan 4/Amygdalus persica L. as experimental materials to measure the growth and fruiting characteristics of two-year-old Cerasus humilis rootstocks. In addition, we used bioinformatic methods to explore the effect of Cerasus humilis rootstock on peach growth gene expression. Our results showed that Cerasus humilis rootstocks can dwarf peach trees, reduce branches, increase pollen count and stigma receptivity, shorten spore development, and promote protein accumulation in the late stage of fruit maturity. The Cerasus humilis rootstock reduced the growth hormone content in peach trees while upregulating the expression of growth-related PpYucca5 and PpYucca2 genes. PpYucca6 expression was downregulated in the early stage of shoot growth and upregulated in the middle stage. By reducing the content of growth hormones, peach trees can be dwarfed, but their impact on fruit quality is minimal. These results indicate that Cerasus humilis is a suitable peach dwarfing rootstock and can provide a theoretical reference for the future breeding of peach dwarfing rootstocks.
This study aimed to explore the total phenolic and anthocyanin content (TPC and TAC, respectively), and the biological potential of Portuguese sweet cherry cultivars. The TPC and TAC values ranged ...between 72.9 and 493.6 gallic acid equivalents per 100 g fresh weight (fw), and from 1.0 to 179.1 cyanidin 3‐O‐rutinoside equivalents per 100 g fw, respectively. Cristalina total extract was the most effective in capturing DPPH reactive species, whereas the colored fraction and the total extract of Saco cultivar were the most efficient in scavenging ferric and peroxide species. Celeste total extract was the most effective in inhibiting α‐glucosidase enzyme. Phenolic‐rich extracts and standard phenolics also revealed ability to interfere with the P‐gp activity on MDCK‐II and MDCK‐MDR1 cells and to increase cellular viability under conditions of oxidative stress. Computational studies were performed to evaluate the interaction between phenolics and the P‐gp activity. This study revealed that cherry extracts and their phenolic compounds present notable biological properties, encouraging the development of cherry‐based dietary and medicinal supplements.
Practical Application
The interest in phenolic‐rich sources has increased significantly in recent years, given their capacity to prevent the development of chronic disorders, such as cancer. Recent evidence suggests that phenolic compounds can act as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitors, an important drug efflux transporter, preventing multidrug resistance, and thus, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of some drugs in certain target cells. Our results indicate that enriched‐fractions from sweet cherries can effectively interfere with the P‐gp activity on MDCK‐II and MDCK‐MDR1 cells and protect against oxidative damage.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the physical properties of medium roasted Sidikalang robusta coffee beans that originated from various colors of coffee cherries. A ...semi-wet method has been applied for each coffee cherry with a range of fruit ripeness (green, yellow, orange, bright red and dark red). The physical properties measurements include mass loss, mass density, porosity, and water content. After roasted for medium level, the coffee density is difference for each coffee cherries colors namely 0.42 g/cm
3
(green cherries), 0.31 g/cm
3
(yellow cherries), 0.40 g/cm
3
(orange cherries), 0.34 g/cm
3
(bright red cherries), and 0.25 g/cm
3
(dark red cherries). The mass declined after medium roasted is 16.82% (green cherries), 17.00% (yellow cherries), 18.70% (orange cherries), 18.32% (bright red cherries) and 16.76% (dark red cherries). The coffee beans porosity difference before and after medium roasted is decreases by 13.56% for green cherries and 16% for yellow cherries and increased by 12.22 (orange cherries), 3.44% (bright red cherries), and 6.88% (dark red cherries). Finally, the water content of coffee beans was 8.38% (green cherries), 9% (yellow and orange cherries), 7.91% (bright red cherries), and 10.83% (dark red cherries). The present study concludes that cherries colors have influenced the coffee bean’s physical properties before and after medium roasting.
In many agricultural products, information technologies are utilized in classification processes at the desired quality. It is undesirable to mix different types of cherries, especially in ...export-type cherries. In this study on cherries, one of the important export products of Turkey, the classification of cherry species was carried out with ensemble learning methods. In this study, a new dataset consisting of 3570 images of seven different cherry species grown in Isparta region was created. The generated new dataset was trained with six different deep learning models with pre-learning on the original and incremental dataset. As a result of the training with incremental data, the best result was obtained from the DenseNet169 model with an accuracy of 99.57%. The two deep learning models with the best results were transferred to ensemble learning and a 100% accuracy rate was obtained with the Maximum Voting model.
