Chronic health conditions are overrepresented among prisoners who often face barriers to medical care following release. Transitions clinics seek to provide timely access to medical care following ...release. This retrospective cohort study investigated care delivery and health outcomes for recently released prisoners receiving care at the Bronx Transitions Clinic. Among 135 recently released prisoners, median time from release to initial medical visit was 10 days (IQ Range: 5-31). Six-month retention in care was high for HIV-infection (86%), but lower for opioid dependence (33%), hypertension (45%) and diabetes (43%). At six months, 54% of HIV-patients had a suppressed viral load, but fewer buprenorphine-treated patients reduced opioid use (19%), and fewer hypertensive and diabetic patients reached respective blood pressure (35%) and hemoglobin A1c (14%) goals. Access to medical care is necessary but not sufficient to control chronic health conditions. Additional interventions are necessary for formerly incarcerated people to achieve optimal health outcomes.
The review presents an analysis of the normative legal documents regulating the dispensary observation of the adult population of Moscow. There are contradictions in the normative documents that make ...it difficult to organize a dispensary observation in a medical organization.
The aim: Conducting an analysis of indicators of the dynamics and prevalence of the main classes of chronic non-infectious diseases of the contingent attached to a multidisciplinary health care ...institution of the population contingent, to determine the main predictive trends of morbidity for the formation of a strategy for the prevention of diabetes complications, in particular, one of the most dangerous complications - diabetic retinopathy.
Materials and methods: In our work, we used the bibliosemantic method and structural-logical analysis. During the research, we analyzed individual indicators of the health status of patients over 18 years of age, who are attached for medical care to the State Scientific Institution «Scientific and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» of the State Administrative Department. Our main focus is on the prevalence of diabetes and its complications.
Conclusions: The stability of the dynamics of the general morbidity indicators for the most common nosological forms of diseases of the main rating classes of diseases indicates the effectiveness of measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of diseases among the attached contingent. The levels of coverage of dispensary supervision of patients of SIS «SPC PCP» SAD are quite high (more than 90%). Performing preventive dynamic observations of patients with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and observing the basic principles of integrated management allows to improve the results of treatment and the prognosis of the course of the disease, because the onset of retinopathy often occurs without obvious symptoms. An important factor is the constant updating and implementation of medical and technological documents for the constant improvement of the quality of medical care.
In the context of the constant growth of the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases, surveillance needs in supplementing traditional statistical health indicators with criteria characterizing the ...processes of chronicity of pathology. Aim: to scientifically substantiate and develop statistical characteristics of chronic non-infectious diseases suitable for surveillance in the public health system. Methods used: bibliographic; statistical (for analyzing materials about the health of the population); mathematical (for constructing formulas and indices); calculational (to calculate indicators of pathology chronicity); epidemiological (to assess the chronicity of diseases of different classes). The initial statistical information was the materials of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on mortality, general and primary morbidity of the population for six classes of diseases, which include the most common chronic diseases. The proposed set of indicators, which includes both the indices available in the scientific literature and those developed by us, contains the following characteristics: statistical indicators of official reporting, indicators of pathology chronicity, mortality and survival of the population, and the hazard index of chronic diseases, which can be considered an integrated indicator characterizing chronic diseases. Diversified characteristics of chronic non-infectious diseases of different classes of diseases were established, which is reflected, in particular, on the relationship between chronic diseases with preserved and lost viability. For diseases of the musculoskeletal system, one fatal case accounts for more than 9000 cases of chronic diseases with preserved viability; for diseases of the circulatory system, this indicator reaches only 58, and for neoplasms – only 22. This corresponds with the assessment of the hazard index: chronic diseases (respectively, 0.7; 153.7; 328.5 cu). The use of the proposed set of indicators makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the danger of chronicity of diseases of certain classes, to track the change in these processes over time, being an important part of managing the frequency and outcomes of chronic diseases.
The aim: To conduct an analysis of the dynamics and prevalence of the main classes of chronic non-infectious diseases of the population contingent attached to a multidisciplinary health care ...institution, to determine the main predictive trends of morbidity for the formation of a strategy for the prevention of the development of these pathologies and their complications.
Materials and methods: We used methods of structural and logical analysis, bibliosemantic. In the course of the research, we analyzed individual indicators of the health status of patients over 18 years of age, who are attached for medical care to the SIS «Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» SAD, and constructed predictive trends for 5 years.
Results: The conducted retrospective analysis made it possible to state that the health of the adult population, which is attached for medical care to the SIS RPCPCM SAD during 2009-2021, is stable, without negative dynamics and a forecast expectation of deterioration over the next 5 years, which is confirmed by the analysis of forecast trends of dynamic changes in indicators of general and primary morbidity, as well as the prevalence of diseases.
Conclusions: The stability of the dynamics of indicators of the total incidence of the most common nosological forms of diseases of the main rating classes of diseases indicates the effectiveness of preventive measures, detection of bridges and early diagnosis of diseases among the attached contingent.
This paper deals with an actual topic of the food habits of the population of a certain region, their financial costs for purchasing food, the conformity of the amount of food consumed to the norms ...of consumption of certain products, as a factor in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases The relationship between unbalanced diet and inexorably increasing rates of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease was defined in the middle of the last century. However, despite the full availability of information in the modern world and the ubiquitous propagation of a healthy lifestyle, the incidence figures speak of the lack of awareness of the population about the risk factors for health problems. We investigated one of the most important links in the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases: the rationality of nutrition. The paper presents the methods and results of research of food habits of people of different age groups, and covers such aspects as the dependence between consumed food, financial well-being and the reasons for changing food habits (Mansurov and Kondratieva, 2017). The results of the study show a deficit in the consumption of almost all foods, especially in important segments such as plant products. The urban population does not have suitable conditions for growing vegetables and fruits, and the prices for food products are often too high for them in the appropriate amount. A small amount of meat, eggs and milk in the diet increases the risk of chronic non-infectious diseases, which raises the issue of addressing the problem of preventing deterioration in the health status of the population. This paper is a tactically important basis for developing a set of measures aimed at correcting food habits in terms of enriching the diet with vitamins, minerals and the necessary amount of proteins and carbohydrates.
Thoroughly validated instruments can provide a more accurate and reliable picture of how the instrument works and of the level of health literacy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The ...present work aimed at cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument (FCCHL) in patients with T2DM in Serbia. After translation and back-translation, views from an expert group, one cognitive interview study (n = 10) and one survey study (n = 130) were conducted among samples of diabetic patients. Item analysis, internal consistency, content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing were performed. When all 14 items were analyzed, loading factors were above 0.55, but without adequate model fit. After removing two items with the lowest loadings FHL1 and IHL2 the fit indexes indicated a reasonable normed χ2 (SB scaled χ2/df = 1.90). CFI was 0.916 with SRMR = 0.0676 and RMSEA = 0.0831. To determine internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.796 for the whole FCCHL-SR12. With only minor modifications compared to the English version, the 12-item FCCHL instrument is valid and reliable and can be used to measure health literacy among Serbian diabetic patients. However, future research on a larger population in Serbia is necessary for measuring the levels of HL and their relationship with other determinants in this country.
A person's weight depends on major factors like genetics, diet, and physical activity. Physical activity in adults is defined mainly by workload – light, moderate or heavy. The aim was to explore ...associations between weight and chronic non-infectious diseases in workers with different physical activity. The subjects included in the study were 224 male and 249 female employees, divided by workload based on their job description. Body mass index (BMI) and disease incidence were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed. The highest percentage of overweight and obese subjects was found in men with light workload. The mean BMI for men (27.434.85) was significantly higher than that for women (25.875.06). Analysis of obesity-associated diseases showed that in workers with higher BMI there was a higher incidence of endocrine disorders, musculoskeletal and related neurological diseases. Diseases of the circulatory system were highly prevalent in both overweight/obese and underweight employees. In conclusion, physical activity at work contributes to changes in BMI in the working population. Obesity-associated circulatory, endocrine and musculoskeletal diseases were highly prevalent in the groups with higher BMI. The prevalence in employees without diseases was in inverse relation to BMI.
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