Efforts worldwide have sought to lessen the agricultural and societal impact of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mitigation in Kenya, Nepal, and ...Bangladesh by safeguarding affected regions’ food crops and livelihoods while preventing the spread of FAW to nearby areas. However, efforts to communicate and gain support for FAW control methods among local populations can have limited impacts. This study qualitatively explores “design looping” as part of three Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) campaigns in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Kenya for increasing community support for FAW mitigation. Such an approach not only potentially extends the reach and scalability of FAW control methods but also contributes to meeting Sustainable Development Goals for food security and community well-being. Findings of productive advantages for “design looping” in this study include (1) increased participatory access by project stakeholders and beneficiaries, (2) flexibility, as cost-effective and potentially continuous opportunities to refine ICT4D messaging to meet project goals, and (3) bi-directional learning between project producers and message recipients for improved message deployment. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Plain Language Summary
Using adaptive methods to design insect pest mitigation information
Getting local people to participate in protecting food crops and livelihoods by stopping the spread of crop pests like fall armyworm (FAW) presents challenges. This study looks at how “design looping” was used in three information campaigns in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Kenya aimed at enabling more community support for fighting FAW using Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D). This design method can increase the range and effectiveness of FAW control and strengthen food security and community well-being. Results of the study found that “design looping” had several benefits: (1) it allowed more people to be involved in the design process, (2) it was highly cost-effective and allowed for adjustments and adaptation of the messaging to different contexts, and (3) it fostered better learning and message sharing between the message creators and those receiving the messages. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Our perception of our everyday interactions is shaped by more than what is said. From coffee with friends to interviews, meetings with colleagues and conversations with strangers, we draw on both ...verbal and non-verbal behaviour to judge and consider our experiences. Analyzing Multimodal Interaction is a practical guide to understanding and investigating the multiple modes of communication, and provides an essential guide for those undertaking field work in a range of disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, education, anthropology and psychology. The book offers a clear methodology to help the reader carry out their own integrative analysis, equipping them with the tools they need to analyze a situation from different points of view. Drawing on research into conversational analysis and non-verbal behaviour such as body movement and gaze, it also considers the role of the material world in our interactions, exploring how we use space and objects - such as our furniture and clothes - to express ourselves. Considering a range of real examples, such as traffic police officers at work, doctor-patient meetings, teachers and students, and friends reading magazines together, the book offers lively demonstrations of multimodal discourse at work. Illustrated throughout and featuring a mini-glossary in each chapter, further reading, and advice on practical issues such as making transcriptions and video and audio recordings, this practical guide is an essential resource for anyone interested in the multiple modes of human interaction.
Sigrid Norris is based in the Department of Linguistics at Georgetown University, USA, where she received her PhD. Her research interests include identity construction and cross cultural communication from a multimodal perspective.
1. Multimodal interaction 2. Communicative modes 2.1 Spoken language 2.2 Proxemics 2.3 Posture 2.4 Gesture 2.5 Head movement 2.6 Gaze 2.7 Music 2.8 Print 2.9 Layout 2.10 Interconnection of modes 3. Multimodal transcription 3.1 Method of video analysis 3.2 Step-by-step transcription 3.2.1 Spoken Language 3.2.2 Proxemics 3.2.3 Posture 3.2.4 Gesture 3.2.5 Head Movement 3.2.6 Gaze 3.2.7 Music 3.2.8 Print 3.2.9 Layout 3.2.10 A Complete Transcript 4. Modal denisity 5. Levels of attention/awareness 6. Semantic/pragmatic means 7. Modal density foreground-background continuum as methodological framework: complex interaction 8. Analyzing multimodal interaction: A postscript
White LEDs were invented the 1990's. Since then they have been extensively researched and applied in various ways. Compared with conventional lighting devices, the white LED has lower power ...consumption, lower voltage requirements, longer lifetime, smaller size, faster response, and cooler operation. The white LED will eventually replace incandescent or fluorescent lights in offices and homes. We have proposed an indoor visible light wireless communication system that utilizes multiple white LED lighting equipment. In this system, the equipment is used not only for illuminating rooms but also for an optical wireless communication system. The system has significantly higher power levels than infrared wireless communication systems, since it also functions as the main lighting equipment. One problem is we tend to install many lighting sources on a ceiling in order to illuminate the room as evenly as possible. While the number of sources permits site diversity transmission over LOS links, the optical path difference between the multiple sources triggers intersymbol interference (ISI), which significantly degrades system performance. This paper overcomes the ISI problem by proposing an adaptive equalization system. We elucidate the most effective training sequence interval for channel estimation in a mobile environment. And we show that the adaptive equalization system with the effectual interval alleviates the influence of shadowing.
In this wide-ranging and powerful book, Castells analyses the revolution in communication technologies and social media that has created a new communication system, mass self-communication. He argues ...that this has, in turn, transformed power relationships, the role of social movements, and their responses to recent political and economic crises.
In this paper, a joint digital signal processing (DSP) scheme including partial response shaping and trellis coded modulation (TCM) technology is proposed to mitigate the bandwidth limitation of the ...long-reach underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The similarity of spectral responses between the partial response filter and the communication system is utilized to suppress the enhancement of noise and distortion induced by the full-response feed-forward equalizer. A random interleaver and a precoder are applied to whiten the noise and distortion. In a laboratory experiment, the minimal required received optical power of -29.8 dBm (at a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.80 \times {10^{ - 3}}</tex-math></inline-formula>) is realized at a data rate of 500 Mbps. In a standard swimming pool, the proposed system successfully achieves a data rate of 500 Mbps with a transmission distance up to 150 m, at which the total attenuation is measured to be 53.47 dB. Such a data rate, enabled by the proposed joint DSP scheme, is 8.0%, 9.2%, and 14.2% higher than those achieved by solely using partial response shaping scheme, TCM scheme, and least square equalization scheme, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to employ the combination of partial response shaping and TCM technology in UWOC for high-speed long-reach transmission.
Young children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Rett syndrome often experience severe communication impairments. This study examined the efficacy of ...parent-implemented communication assessment and intervention with remote coaching via telehealth on the acquisition of early communication skills of three young children with ASD (2) and Rett syndrome (1). Efficacy of the intervention was evaluated using single-case experimental designs. First, functional assessment was used to identify idiosyncratic/potentially communicative responses and contexts for each child. Next, parents implemented functional communication training (FCT). All of the children acquired the targeted communication responses. The findings support the efficacy of telehealth as a service delivery model to coach parents on intervention strategies for their children’s early communication skills.
This paper is devoted to studies of communication process peculiarities, role of “negotiators” in transdisciplinary studies and also interaction processes between science and practice on an example ...of an empirical case. Based on the conducted analysis, a hypothesis has been confirmed that effective realization of the transdisciplinary approach is grounded on effective communication, and factors, worth attention for successful realization of research aims in transdisciplinary projects have been determined: balance of power relations between participants of transdisciplinary studies, choice of mediators’ groups, change of initial instructions of scientists, cultural differences and their influence on general organization of processes, choice of communication types and forms. A necessity to construct a communicative strategy of a transdisciplinary project, forming a common field for effective interaction, has been determined; at that there must be taken into account group development stages, key topics of communication and its success indicators. It has been proved, that communication management is a necessary element of transdisciplinary studies organization and conduction. For improving communication quantity and quality, it is necessary for scientists and stakeholders to take equal responsibility and to participate in decision making.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a new paradigm that could revolutionise the future of wireless communication. In VLC, information is transmitted through modulating the visible light spectrum ...(400⁻700 nm) that is used for illumination. Analytical and experimental work has shown the potential of VLC to provide high-speed data communication with the added advantage of improved energy efficiency and communication security/privacy. VLC is still in the early phase of research. There are fewer review articles published on this topic mostly addressing the physical layer research. Unlike other reviews, this article gives a system prespective of VLC along with the survey on existing literature and potential challenges toward the implementation and integration of VLC.
Social Media Use During Disasters Liu, Brooke Fisher; Fraustino, Julia Daisy; Jin, Yan
Communication research,
07/2016, Letnik:
43, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study provides insights that can inform disaster communication management, policymaking, and theory building through a nationally representative field experiment (N = 2,015 U.S. adults) grounded ...in media richness theory, information and communication technologies (ICTs) succession theory, and the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model. Key findings include the following: (1) Significant main effects of disaster information source were detected on how likely participants were to seek further disaster information from TV, local government websites, and federal government websites; (2) regardless of information form and source, participants reported strongest intentions to immediately communicate about the disaster predominately via offline interpersonal forms rather than through online organizational and personal forms; and (3) regardless of information source, participants reported strong intentions to evacuate if instructed to do so by the government. These findings call for developing crisis communication theory that is more focused on how publics communicate with each other rather than with organizations about disasters and predict a wider variety of crisis communication outcomes.
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