Objective: This study explored the effects of polysaccharides (RAPD) extracted from the traditional anti-stone Chinese medicine Rhizoma alismatis and their carboxymethylated derivatives (RAPs) on the ...crystal phase, morphology, and size of calcium oxalate (CaOx). It also determined the damaging ability of the regulated crystals on human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Methods: RAPD carboxymethylation with a carboxyl group (–COOH) content of 3.57% was carried out by the chloroacetic acid solvent method. The effects of –COOH content in RAPs and RAP concentration on the regulation of CaOx crystal growth were studied by controlling the variables. Cell experiments were conducted to explore the differences in the cytotoxicity of RAP-regulated crystals. Results: The –COOH contents of RAPD, RAP1, RAP2, and RAP3 were 3.57%, 7.79%, 10.84%, and 15.33%, respectively. RAPs can inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and induce the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). When the –COOH content in RAPs was high, their ability to induce COD formation was enhanced. In the crystals induced by RAPs, a high COD content can lower the damage to cells. In particular, the cytotoxicity of the crystals induced by RAP3 was the lowest. When the concentration of RAP3 increased, the cytotoxicity gradually increased due to the reduced size of the formed COD crystals. An interaction was observed between RAPs and crystals, and the number of RAPs adsorbed in the crystals was positively correlated with the –COOH content in RAPs. Conclusions: RAPs can reduce the damage of CaOx to HK-2 cells by regulating the crystallization of CaOx crystals and effectively reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. RAPs, especially RAP3 with a high carboxyl group content, has the potential to be developed as a novel green anti-stone drug.
This paper, "Artistic Approach to the Wave Field Synthesis system," explores the diverse characteristics of the WFS system as a musical instrument and examines artistic approaches to spatializing ...sounds in electroacoustic music composition. It delves into the unique attributes of the system, providing detailed examples of compositions and discussing potential challenges and limitations. The paper raises questions about how such a spatial audio rendering system can impact our listening experience, particularly in relation to fixed media compositions. Additionally, the possibilities of using WFS in live electronic music are also explored. Keywords: Spatialization, electroacoustic music, Wave Field Synthesis, spatial audio.
Emerging data in the past few years suggest that acute, recurrent acute (RAP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) represent a disease continuum. This review discusses the similarities and differences in ...the epidemiology of RAP and CP. RAP is a high-risk group, comprised of individuals at varying risk of progression. The premise is that RAP is an intermediary stage in the pathogenesis of CP, and a subset of RAP patients during their natural course transition to CP. Although many clinical factors have been identified, accurately predicting the probability of disease course in individual patients remains difficult. Future studies should focus on providing more precise estimates of the risk of disease transition in a cohort of patients, quantification of clinical events during the natural course of disease, and discovery of biomarkers of the different stages of the disease continuum. Availability of clinically relevant endpoints and linked biomarkers will allow more accurate prediction of the natural course of disease over intermediate- or long-term-based characteristics of an individual patient. These endpoints will also provide objective measures for use in clinical trials of interventions that aim to alter the natural course of disease.
This study investigated the suitability of recycled asphalt pavement and polyethylene wastes as coarse aggregate in asphaltic concrete by evaluating the impact of the use of polyethylene polymer ...wastes and recycled asphalt pavement composite as aggregates on the physical and mechanical properties of the asphaltic concrete. The physical characteristics of the aggregate and bitumen were determined using relevant parametric tests. Recycled asphalt pavement was used to make asphaltic concrete samples using LDPE at 5%, 10%, 15%, RAP at 5% and HDPE at 5%, 10%, 15%, and a mixture of LDPE + HDPE at 5+5%, 7.5+7.5% and 10+10% RAP at 5% as additives. Marshall Stability test was conducted to assess the mechanical strength of the asphaltic concrete, and the results included information on the aggregate's stability, flow, density, voids filled with bitumen, voids filled with air, and voids in mineral aggregate. In addition, the surface and crystal structure of the aggregates was studied by carrying out a microscopic examination with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained from this study demonstrated that RAP, HDPE & LDPE are viable conventional aggregate substitute for asphalt concrete production.
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid economic development, people’s spiritual needs are also increasing, and more and more concerts and sports games appear in public life. However, these ...activities have great potential risks, and the frequent occurrence of security incidents poses a great threat to the safety of the city and the public. How to evacuate quickly and effectively has become an urgent problem to be solved. Studies have shown that during emergency, people show herd behavior during evacuation, and do not necessarily follow evacuation signs. In this paper, through simulated evacuation experiments, combined with eye movement technology, this paper studies the influence of the direction of evacuation signs and disturbing crowd on the validity of evacuation signs during the evacuation process. And the processing and analysis of the experimental data has certain reference significance for the related research on the validity of evacuation signs.
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