A comprehensive scale-up procedure for amine-functionalized UiO-66 is implemented, which leads to the development of a novel flow-through metal-organic framework synthesis process. Products are ...characterized via BET modeling of N2 adsorption at 77 K and powder XRD to confirm crystal porosity and phase, respectively. Batch syntheses are conducted to examine the effects of polytetrafluoroethylene and glass vessel materials on crystal yield and quality. Intermediate samples from sealed-vessel trials at 373, 383, and 393 K are collected and characterized, which show a high degree of product consistency. Nucleation rates are determined at the same temperatures, and the Arrhenius relationship is used to predict the activation energy of nucleation, E... A continuous-flow reactive crystallization process is developed using a draft-tube type reactor. As a proof of concept, the reactor is operated for three retention times. The cumulative product, material retained within the crystallizer, and intermediate samples are collected and characterized to confirm UiO-66-NH2 production. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
The multidimensional discrete Fourier transform (MD-DFT) plays an important role in a growing number of signal processing applications. The fundamentals of its applicability as a unitary transform ...between discrete periodic sequences defined on multidimensional lattices stand on the Hermitian orthogonality of the vectors defining the MD-DFT matrix. A proof of the consistency of the MD-DFT formulation was first provided by Bernardini and Manduchi in 1994 using the Smith normal form theorem of integer matrices. In this reported work, a new proof is provided based on the nullity of the cardinal function on the nonzero cardinal points. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Towards continuous consistency axiom Kłopotek, Mieczysław A.; Kłopotek, Robert A.
Applied intelligence (Dordrecht, Netherlands),
03/2023, Letnik:
53, Številka:
5
Journal Article
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It is shown for the first time in this paper, that Kleinberg’s (
2002
) (self-contradictory) axiomatic system for distance-based clustering fails (that is one of the data transforming axioms, ...consistency axiom, turns out to be identity transformation) in fixed-dimensional Euclidean space due to the consistency axiom limitations and that its replacement with inner-consistency or outer consistency does not help if continuous data transformations are required. Therefore we formulate a new, sound axiomatic framework for cluster analysis in the fixed dimensional Euclidean space, suitable for
k
-means like algorithms. The system incorporates centric consistency axiom and motion consistency axiom which induce clustering preserving transformations useful e.g. for deriving new labelled sets for testing clustering procedures. It is suitable for continuous data transformations so that labelled data with small perturbations can be derived. Unlike Kleinberg’s consistency, the new axioms do not lead the data outside of Euclidean space nor cause increase in data dimensionality. Our cluster preserving transformations have linear complexity in data transformation and checking. They are in practice less restrictive, less rigid than Kleinberg’s consistency as they do not enforce inter-cluster distance increase and inner cluster distance decrease when performing clustering preserving transformation.
In this technical article we consider a distributed analysis of a plant given by local petri net models (components) that interact via shared transitions. For each component, there is a local agent ...that performs local calculations and exchanges information with its neighbours for monitoring the plant. We relax the standard requirement that the interaction graph between components is a tree and, for the general case, we investigate under which conditions the local consistency of the local estimates imply their global consistency. Moreover, we show that if the information exchanged between agents incorporates additional information related to the execution time intervals of the shared transitions, the globally consistent estimates become equal to the results derived in a CR.
The treatment of γ5 in dimensional regularization leads to ambiguities in field-theoretic calculations, of which one example is the coefficient of a particular term in the four-loop gauge beta ...functions of the standard model. Using Weyl consistency conditions, we present a scheme-independent relation between the coefficient of this term and a corresponding term in the three-loop Yukawa beta functions, where a semi-naïve treatment of γ5 is sufficient, thereby fixing this ambiguity. We briefly outline an argument by which the same method fixes similar ambiguities at higher orders.
Multi-view visual classification methods have been widely applied to use discriminative information of different views. This strategy has been proven very effective by many researchers. On the one ...hand, images are often treated independently without fully considering their visual and semantic correlations. On the other hand, view consistency is often ignored. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a novel multi-view image classification method with visual, semantic and view consistency (VSVC). For each image, we linearly combine multi-view information for image classification. The combination parameters are determined by considering both the classification loss and the visual, semantic and view consistency. Visual consistency is imposed by ensuring that visually similar images of the same view are predicted to have similar values. For semantic consistency, we impose the locality constraint that nearby images should be predicted to have the same class by multi-view combination. View consistency is also used to ensure that similar images have consistent multi-view combination parameters. An alternative optimization strategy is used to learn the combination parameters. To evaluate the effectiveness of VSVC, we perform image classification experiments on several public datasets. The experimental results on these datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed VSVC method.
We present a novel and computationally simple solution to the problem of detecting the number of signals, which is applicable to both white and colored noise, and to a very small number of samples. ...The solution is based on a novel and non-asymptotic goodness-of-fit metric, referred to as signal subspace matching (SSM), which is aimed at matching a model-based signal subspace to its sampled-data-based counterpart. We form a set of hypothesized signal subspace models, with the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k</tex-math></inline-formula>-th model being a projection matrix composed of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k</tex-math></inline-formula> leading eigenvectors of the sample-covariance matrix. This set of hypothesized models is compared to their sampled-data-based counterpart - a projection matrix constructed from the sampled data - via the SSM metric, and the model minimizing this metric is selected. We show that this solution involves the principal angles between the column span of the model and the column span of the model. We prove the consistency of this solution for the high signal-to-noise-ratio limit and for the large-sample limit. The large-sample consistency is shown to be conditioned on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) being higher than a a certain threshold. Simulation results, demonstrating the performance of the solution for both colored and white noise, are included.
With regard to element uncertainty in a hesitant fuzzy element (HFE), the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy element (PHFE) was developed. It has been noted that the occurrence probabilities of elements in ...PHFE are difficult to obtain accurately and sufficiently through subjective evaluation. Therefore, in this study, we propose the uncertain probabilistic hesitant fuzzy element (UPHFE), a generalized fuzzy number, which includes four types of HFEs. Compared with other fuzzy numbers, subjective preference information can be described more properly by the UPHFE. Furthermore, the UPHFE is extended to the uncertain probabilistic hesitant fuzzy preference relations (UPHFPRs). Besides, investigations about the expected consistency, acceptable expected consistency, probability-obtaining approach, and consistency-improving iterative algorithm for reasonable application of UPHFPRs are illustrated respectively. Then, we introduce the UPHFPRs and these methods into a group decision-making process, for which two operators are proposed to aggregate the UPHFPRs and ensure that the aggregated preference relations can remain UPHFPRs. Because the aggregated UPHFPRs may be inconsistent, we further design an acceptable group consistency test. Subsequently, we summarize the group decision-making process under the UPHFPR environment. Finally, an example that selects the optimal objective from four newly listed stocks on the Growth Enterprises Market board in China is provided to demonstrate the proposed approaches.
The paper deals with the problem of estimating the M2 (i.e. multivariate and multidimensional) spectral density function of a stationary random process or random field. We propose the f-truncated ...periodogram, i.e. a truncated periodogram where the truncation point is a suitable function f of the sample size. We discuss the asymptotic consistency of the estimator and we provide three concrete problems that can be solved using the proposed approach. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the procedure.
•We developed safety performance functions for rural motorways incorporating design consistency measures.•We developed safety performance functions for different crash characteristics.•Consistency ...parameters are based on continuous operating speed models.•Consistency in driving dynamics, operating speed, and inertial speed resulted significant explanatory variables.•In most models, more design consistency variables are significant.
Highway design which ensures that successive elements are coordinated in such a way as to produce harmonious and homogeneous driver performances along the road is considered consistent and safe. On the other hand, an alignment which requires drivers to handle high speed gradients and does not meet drivers' expectancy is considered inconsistent and produces higher crash frequency.
To increase the usefulness and the reliability of existing safety performance functions and contribute to solve inconsistencies of existing highways as well as inconsistencies arising in the design phase, we developed safety performance functions for rural motorways that incorporate design consistency measures. Since the design consistency variables were used only for curves, two different sets of models were fitted for tangents and curves. Models for the following crash characteristics were fitted: total, single-vehicle run-off-the-road, other single vehicle, multi vehicle, daytime, nighttime, non-rainy weather, rainy weather, dry pavement, wet pavement, property damage only, slight injury, and severe injury (including fatal). The design consistency parameters in this study are based on operating speed models developed through an instrumented vehicle equipped with a GPS continuous speed tracking from a field experiment conducted on the same motorway where the safety performance functions were fitted (motorway A16 in Italy).
Study results show that geometric design consistency has a significant effect on safety of rural motorways. Previous studies on the relationship between geometric design consistency and crash frequency focused on two-lane rural highways since these highways have the higher crash rates and are generally characterized by considerable inconsistencies. Our study clearly highlights that the achievement of proper geometric design consistency is a key design element also on motorways because of the safety consequences of design inconsistencies.
The design consistency measures which are significant explanatory variables of the safety performance functions developed in this study are: (1) consistency in driving dynamics, i.e., difference between side friction assumed with respect to the design speed and side friction demanded at the 85th percentile speed; (2) operating speed consistency, i.e., absolute value of the 85th percentile speed reduction through successive elements of the road; (3) inertial speed consistency, i.e., difference between the operating speed in the curve and the average operating speed along the 5km preceding the beginning of the curve; and (4) length of tangent preceding the curve (only for run-off-the-road crashes).
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