Il termine "edilizia" rimanda a una conoscenza tecnico/costruttiva rapportata alla produzione, che include analisi sui rapporti tra gli elementi caratteristici della struttura del settore delle ...costruzioni (dimensione delle imprese, domanda e offerta di lavoro, costo della manodopera, costo di costruzione e costo della vita, ecc.) (Cicconi, 1981), che, se coniugata con il significato culturale di tecnologia, riporta attenzione su temi indagati nel passato dall'Area della Tecnología dell'architettura e che sarebbe di indubbio interesse riprendere per comprendere quanto e come la tecnica e l'innovazione possano trovare sbocco nella ricerca della qualita diffusa dell'abitare. Il saggio parte da una posizione che vede l'architettura come la risultante di un progetto basata sulla concezione sistemica, in cui le proprieta non possono essere ridotte a unita minori (Capra, 1982) ritenute insignificanti o ancillari. Ė una realta in cui saper distinguere "vincoli" materiali di stato di un luogo e in cui riconoscere condizioni e influenze con lo scopo di generare "possibilita" piü che affrontare "condizionamenti", azioni che richiedono un "pensiero progettante" sospeso tra le ragioni del fare e la tensione speculativa (Perriccioli and Nunziante, 2019). Leteronomia e una condizione ineludibile della concezione di sistema aperto, quale viene considerato il progetto di architettura, che governa il binomio teorie e prassi, praxis (l'agire) e techne (il fare) (Losasso, 2017) che incide sugli aspetti sociali, economici e ambientali della realta nell'attivo riconoscimento di esigenze collettive e individuali. Nel 1° ciclo (1950-64) si assiste a una generalizzazione della tecnologia del c. a. gettato in opera con schema puntiforme e solai alleggeriti con blocchi in laterizio, soluzione gia presente prima della guerra ma diventa poi prevalente, non tuttavia per un allineamento culturale ai dettami del Razionalismo o come innovazione strutturale tout court.
Mit dem nachfolgenden Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur baupraktischen Bestimmung der Einschraubtiefe von Schrauben in unterschiedlichen Materialkombinationen vorgestellt. Die rechnerische Ermittlung der ...Einschraubtiefe erfolgt anhand von bereits existierenden Veröffentlichungen bzw. Richtlinien. Da die bisherige Vorgehensweise sehr komplex ist, wird ein vereinfachtes baupraktisches Konzept erarbeitet und vorgestellt. Die Bestimmung wird für übliche Materialkombinationen (Schraube zu Einschraubuntergrund) im Bauwesen erarbeitet bzw. dargestellt.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest global health crisis in decades. Apart from the unprecedented number of deaths and hospitalizations, the pandemic has resulted in economic slowdowns, ...widespread business disruptions, and significant hardships. This study focused on investigating the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. construction industry since the declaration of the national emergency on 13 March 2020. The study objectives were achieved through 34 telephone interviews with project managers, engineers, designers, and superintendents that represented different states and distinct industry sectors in the United States (U.S.). The interviewees offered information on their experience with the pandemic, including the general and adverse effects experienced, new opportunities created, and risk management efforts being undertaken. The reported adverse effects included significant delays on projects, inability to secure materials on time, reduction in productivity rates, material price escalations, and others. The new opportunities that were created included projects involving the fast-track construction of medical facilities, construction of residential buildings, transportation-related work, and opportunities to recruit skilled workers. The risk management measures that were widely adopted included measures to enhance safety and reduce other project risks. The safety measures adopted included requiring employees to wear cloth face masks, adoption of social distancing protocols, staggering of construction operations, offering COVID-19-related training, administering temperature checks prior to entry into the workplace, and others. Measures to manage other project risks included the formation of a task force team to review the evolving pandemic and offer recommendations, advocating that construction businesses be deemed essential to combat delays and taking advantage of government relief programs. The study findings will be useful to industry stakeholders interested in understanding the early impacts of the pandemic on the construction industry. Industry stakeholders may also build upon the reported findings and establish best practices for continued safe and productive operations.
This research reveals specific details in classifying and systematizing english and russian construction industry terms in a comparative aspect which help to identify aspects of this thesaurus: ...physical characteristics, style, materials, elements, equipment, and activities. The given classifications of construction industry can't be made without its careful analysis. The sublanguage of modern construction industry has universal properties characteristic of a common language and differential properties that are not found in that type of language. Classes of terms unify the largest groups of terms in hierarchical relationships in construction terminology and reflect the conceptual categories of independent sections of the industry.
The possibilities of creating cluster associations of enterprises in the sub-branches of the Machine Building Industry in the Zaporizhzhia region by determining the clustering potential are ...considered. The potential of clustering of the engineering industry enterprises of the Zaporizhzhia region was assessed by using the localization coefficients, production per person and specialization of the industries. According to the results of the assessment of the clustering potential of the machine-building industry in Zaporizhzhia there are such five sub-sectors were identified in which the creation of clusters is possible: the production of computers, electronic and optical products, the production of electrical equipment, the production of machinery and equipment that are not assigned to other groupings, the production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other vehicles, the production of furniture and other products; repair and installation of machinery and equipment. It is proved the need to create a еlectric equipment production cluster in Zaporizhzhia region.
Construction and demolition waste indicators Mália, Miguel; de Brito, Jorge; Pinheiro, Manuel Duarte ...
Waste management & research,
03/2013, Letnik:
31, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The construction industry is one of the biggest and most active sectors of the European Union (EU), consuming more raw materials and energy than any other economic activity. Furthermore, construction ...waste is the commonest waste produced in the EU. Current EU legislation sets out to implement construction and demolition waste (CDW) prevention and recycling measures. However it lacks tools to accelerate the development of a sector as bound by tradition as the building industry. The main objective of the present study was to determine indicators to estimate the amount of CDW generated on site both globally and by waste stream. CDW generation was estimated for six specific sectors: new residential construction, new non-residential construction, residential demolition, non-residential demolition, residential refurbishment, and non-residential refurbishment. The data needed to develop the indicators was collected through an exhaustive survey of previous international studies. The indicators determined suggest that the average composition of waste generated on site is mostly concrete and ceramic materials. Specifically for new residential and new non-residential construction the production of concrete waste in buildings with a reinforced concrete structure lies between 17.8 and 32.9 kg m−2 and between 18.3 and 40.1 kg m−2, respectively. For the residential and non-residential demolition sectors the production of this waste stream in buildings with a reinforced concrete structure varies from 492 to 840 kg m−2 and from 401 to 768 kg/m−2, respectively. For the residential and non-residential refurbishment sectors the production of concrete waste in buildings lies between 18.9 and 45.9 kg/m−2 and between 18.9 and 191.2 kg/m−2, respectively.
Mineral carbonation is a technology for capturing and storing COsub.2 in solid minerals. When mineral carbonation is used to produce construction materials, the quantification of the COsub.2 uptake ...of these products is of the utmost importance, as it is used to calculate the COsub.2 footprint of the product and/or carbon offset. The COsub.2 uptake is generally determined by measuring the COsub.2 content of a material before and after accelerated carbonation. This approach, however, does not take hydration and dehydroxylation reactions into account that may occur during carbonation, and it can therefore under- or overestimate the COsub.2 uptake. Thus, a more accurate and practical method to determine COsub.2 uptake, which also accounts for hydration and dehydroxylation reactions, is proposed in this paper. This method is based on analytical methods to determine the dry mass and the COsub.2 content of the solid products before and after carbonation, and on the calculation of the COsub.2 uptake by the following equation: COsub.2 uptake (wt.%) = COsub.2 carbonated (wt.%) × (weight after carbonation (g)/weight before carbonation (g) − COsub.2 initial (wt.%), with COsub.2 carbonated being the COsub.2 content in g/100 g dried carbonated material, and COsub.2 initial being the COsub.2 content in g/100 g dried initial material, i.e., before carbonation. The “weight before carbonation” is the dry weight of the initial material, and the “weight after carbonation” is the product’s dry weight after carbonation. In this paper, we show that up to 44% under- or overestimation of COsub.2 uptake can occur when hydration and dehydroxylation reactions are not taken into account during mineral carbonation.
Fired perforated brick is a common material in modern construction industry. This paper introduced the production technology and equipment of fired perforated brick. Based on the research status of ...domestic and foreign scholars, technical difficulties and corresponding solutions of production process were analyzed and summarized. And the future of fired perforated bricks production equipment was discussed.
Objectives The construction industry accounted for >20% of all fatal occupational accidents in Europe in 2014. Leadership is an essential antecedent to occupational safety. The aim of the present ...study was to assess the influence of transformational, active transactional, rule-oriented, participative, and laissez-faire leadership on safety climate, safety behavior, and accidents in the Swedish and Danish construction industry. Sweden and Denmark are similar countries but have a large difference in occupational accidents rates. Methods A questionnaire study was conducted among a random sample of construction workers in both countries: 811 construction workers from 85 sites responded, resulting in site and individual response rates of 73% and 64%, respectively. Results The results indicated that transformational, active transactional, rule-oriented and participative leadership predict positive safety outcomes, and laissez-faire leadership predict negative safety outcomes. For example, rule-oriented leadership predicts a superior safety climate (β=0.40, P<0.001), enhanced safety behavior (β=0.15, P<0.001), and fewer accidents odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.62–0.98. The effect of rule-oriented leadership on workers' safety behavior was moderated by the level of participative leadership (β=0.10, P<0.001), suggesting that when rules and plans are established in a collaborative manner, workers' motivation to comply with safety regulations and participate in proactive safety activities is elevated. The influence of leadership behaviors on safety outcomes were largely similar in Sweden and Denmark. Rule-oriented and participative leadership were more common in the Swedish than Danish construction industry, which may partly explain the difference in occupational accident rates. Conclusions Applying less laissez-faire leadership and more transformational, active transactional, participative and rule-oriented leadership appears to be an effective way for construction site managers to improve occupational safety in the industry.
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