•Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has limited available treatment.•PLGA scaffold is a promising approach for treating PNI.•PLGA combined with stem cells (SHEDs) could have improved efficiency in PNI ...treatment.•PLGA alone showed better results compared to the combination with SHEDS.
Peripheral nerve injury is an important cause of incapability and has limited available treatment. Autologous donor nerve implant is the golden standard treatment, however, may cause secondary deficits. Stem cells show positive results in preclinical settings, preserving tissue and function. We tested the efficacy of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth seeded in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds in sciatic nerve transection model. Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats had 7-mm nerve gap bridge using scaffolds with (or without) stem cells. Animals were randomly divided into: sham-operated; sham-operated without scaffold; sham-operated + scaffold + stem cells; sciatic transection + no treatment; sciatic transection + acellular scaffolds; sciatic transection + scaffold + stem cells. Sciatic Functional Index and Ladder Rung Walking tests were performed before (−1), 14 and 28 days after surgery. Morphometric nerve measurement and muscle weights were assessed. Scaffolds with stem cells improved function in Sciatic Functional Index. Acellular scaffold was effective, promoting functional recovery and nerve regeneration following nerve injury. Scaffolds provide better nerve regeneration and functional recovery after sciatic transection. Despite cell therapy promoting faster recovery after sciatic transection in the Sciatic Index Score, stem cells did not improve functional and morphological recovery after nerve injury. This is the first study testing the potential use of scaffolds combined with stem cells in the early stages after injury. Scaffolds with stem cells could accelerate nerve recovery and favor adjuvant therapies, evidencing the need for further studies to increase the knowledge about stem cells’ mechanisms.
Introduction: Interproximal contacts between primary teeth have traditionally been reported as broad and flat. A new system of classification for contacts called OXIS- O (open contact), X (point ...contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) was introduced in 2018, based on the shapes observed occlusally. Understanding interproximal contacts in primary teeth is essential to comprehend the caries risk of the individual. Aim: To assess the prevalence of OXIS contact areas between non carious primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children and to determine the most common type of contact before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the types of contacts between primary teeth through direct observation in a sample size of 260 contact areas. The study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India, between August 2022 to February 2023. Ethical clearance from the university was obtained. A single calibrated examiner examined photographs of the interproximal contacts between primary molars. The contacts were assessed as O (open contact), X (point contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) using the OXIS classification system. The prevalence of each contact type was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 software. The prevalence of contact types was recorded in numbers and percentages. A comparison of contact types before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar was conducted using the Chi-square test. Result: The most common contact type was I (65.00%) both before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. This was followed by S (19.62%), X (11.15%), and O (4.23%) in the primary dentition. After the eruption of the first permanent molars, I contact was the highest at 66.41%, followed by S (20.90%), X (12.68%), and O (0%). Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of O, X, I, and S types of interproximal contact areas in caries-free primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While multiple ...etiologies are implicated in ADHD, its underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. Although previous studies have suggested dysregulation of dopaminergic signals, mitochondria, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in ADHD, few studies have reported these associations directly. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can efficiently differentiate into dopaminergic neurons (DNs) and are thus a useful disease-specific cellular model for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with DN dysfunction. This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between DNs, mitochondria, and BDNF in ADHD by analyzing DNs differentiated from SHED obtained from three boys with ADHD and comparing them to those from three typically developing boys. In the absence of exogenous BDNF in the cell culture media, DNs derived from boys with ADHD (ADHD-DNs) exhibited impaired neurite outgrowth and branching, decreased mitochondrial mass in neurites, and abnormal intracellular ATP levels. In addition, BDNF mRNA was significantly decreased in ADHD-DNs. Supplementation with BDNF, however, significantly improved neurite development and mitochondrial function in ADHD-DNs. These results suggest that ADHD-DNs may have impaired neurite development and mitochondrial function associated with insufficient production of BDNF, which may be improved by exogenous BDNF supplementation. Findings such as these, from patient-derived SHED, may contribute to the future development of treatment strategies for aberrant dopaminergic signaling, mitochondrial functioning, and BDNF levels implicated in ADHD pathogenesis.
•ADHD patients' stem cells from dental pulp of deciduous teeth (SHED) were isolated.•Patients' SHED were differentiated into dopaminergic neurons.•Neurite development and mitochondrial activity were impaired in such neurons.•These impairments were rescued by exogenous BDNF supplementation.•Patients' SHED are a useful disease-specific cellular model for the study of ADHD.
In this research, the Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (PGH) scaffold was successfully fabricated through electrospinning technique and the physical, chemical, and biological ...properties were assessed. The morphological observation exhibited relatively bead-free uniform fibers and the fiber diameter, pore size, and porosity were 616 nm, 9 μm, and 86 %, respectively.Next, the stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured on the scaffolds and their proliferation and differentiation to osteoblast were examined through Alizarin red staining, MTT assay, q-RT-PCR technique, and ALP activity. Moreover, the efficacy of stem cell-seeded scaffolds to enhance the regeneration of Wistar rats' cranial bone defects was assessed. The results revealed that the PGH scaffold was completely biocompatible and it improved the stem cells' adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation significantly. Through thein vivo studies, it was revealed that the stem cell-seeded scaffolds could significantly accelerate the repair of the cranial bone defect.
Background:
A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the ...variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth.
Results:
The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (
P
< .001).
Conclusions:
The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
Purpose: Determine the prevalence of injuries due to dislocation in the primary dentition and the associated sequelae in children treated at Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the School of Pharmacy, ...Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Material and Methods: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee Medical School of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted through a transversal retrospective observational investigation. Data were collected from the medical records from 2000 to 2014. We use the statistical analysis software SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Sciences) 17.0 for Windows. Results: The sample consisted of 52 patients, totaling 75 traumatized primary teeth. The average age at injury was 37.6 months and the most affected gender was male (65.4 %). Most injuries occurred at home (57.7 %) and consequently to fall from height (73%). The most common type of dislocation for injury was intrusion (53.3 %) and color change (42.7%), pulp necrosis (37.3 %) and obliteration of the root canal (13.3%) the most frequent sequelae. Conclusions: The high prevalence of sequelae (74.7 %) shows that proper treatment should happen at right time in order to reduce the occurrence of sequelae.KEYWORDS Deciduous teeth; Sequelae; Tooth injuries.
Case series summary
The aim of this case series is to describe the clinical and radiological features of mandibular and maxillary abnormalities in cats diagnosed with patellar fractures and dental ...anomalies, a condition that we have named ‘patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome’ (PADS), also known previously as ‘knees and teeth syndrome’. Where available, clinical records, skull and/or intraoral dental radiographs, head CT images, microbiology and histopathology reports were collected, and follow-up was obtained. Ten cats with mandibular or maxillary abnormalities were identified. Common clinical features included multiple persistent deciduous teeth, gingivitis and swellings of the jaw. Skull radiographs were available for 7/10 cats and head CT images were available for one cat. Findings included marked bony and periosteal proliferation, hypodontia, root resorption, root malformation and unerupted permanent teeth. Where available, microbiology and histopathology results were consistent with osteomyelitis.
Relevance and novel information
Mandibular and maxillary abnormalities are an additional unreported clinical feature of the rare condition that we have termed PADS. Radiologically, these lesions can have an aggressive appearance, which can mimic neoplasia. Medical management with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy improves clinical signs in the short term; however, surgical extraction of persistent deciduous and unerupted permanent teeth, and debridement of proliferative and necrotic bone appear to be necessary for an improved outcome. Additional information on long-term outcome is required.
The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) from cryopreserved intact deciduous teeth with those of fresh SHED. In ...total, 20 exfoliated deciduous teeth were randomly divided into a fresh group (f-SHED; n = 11) and cryopreserved group (c-SHED; n = 9; stored for 1–8 months). Following thawing and separation of the pulp, the SHED cells were cultured, and the characteristics as mesenchymal stem cells were investigated using proliferation assays, cell-cycle analysis, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays, and flow cytometry analyses. Furthermore, differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo via transplantation in mice. We found no significant differences between the two groups in the proliferation analyses, in the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers, or in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the in vivo transplantation results showed no significant differences in the quantity of bone tissue that formed or in histochemistry performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cryopreservation of intact exfoliated deciduous teeth appears to be a useful method for preserving SHED.
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