: The stigmatization of mental healthcare services and users is a barrier to the achievement of mental wellness present on a global level. 800000 suicides are estimated each year, 25 suicide attempts ...for every suicide (ratio of 25:1), and in 2017 estimated a prevalence > 10% of people suffering from mental disorder or substance abuse (global data). The stigmatization is a multifactorial phenomenon and process that involves different factors, which overall cause health, social and economic damage. Slowing down and reducing access to mental health and well-being pathways due to their influence in the community, also affect social relationships and self-determination.
: to identify and describe the process, causes, and factors of stigmatization. Propose destigmatization activities led by the medical educator.
: The manuscript develops a proposal focused on the destigmatization process of mental health/wellbeing services and users, through the guidance of the medical educator as a figure of connection between different professions (interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary), and between different stakeholders.
: each identifies factor described, can be involved in the destigmatization process to generate inclusion, through different social interventions led by the role of the medical educator, with the aim of supporting access to patient support processes and quality of life in communities, generating inclusion through destigmatization.
Mental health has emerged as an international priority to secure health, well-being and human development. Media are important sources of health information, and this gives media a powerful voice in ...contributing to the creation, perpetuation, evolution and/or attenuation of stigma towards mental illness. Through employing stigmatisation as the theoretical framework and qualitative content analysis as the research method, this study examined the coverage of mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic by Malaysian legacy and online newspapers. Six dimensions of stigma (concealability, origin, course, disruptiveness, aesthetics and peril) were examined and it was found that individual level of origin and peril were the most prominent dimensions of stigma found in the reporting. In addition, the newspapers focused on promoting mental health awareness and literacy in their destigmatisation effort, while reflecting either a positive or neutral valence in their coverage. The implications of the findings were discussed with regard to the role of media in reporting mental health problems and destigmatisation of mental illness.
How is positive deviance utilised by the news media in the destigmatisation of a consumption practice? I study this question in the context of veganism through critically informed frame analysis of a ...major British newspaper, the Daily Mail. This context is ideal for such an analysis as the image of veganism has been transformed in the recent years from a stigmatised lifestyle to a normalised, healthy diet. Furthermore, this transformation has particularly taken place through celebrities, who are conceptualised as positive deviants. I then develop a discursive framing perspective of the role of media in the destigmatisation process of a consumption practice. The resulting framework shows how media can use positive deviance in destigmatisation by managing both the boundaries of the stigmatised practice and the dynamics of positive deviancy. Moreover, this framework contextualises the different frames in terms of the organisational, institutional, and national context as well as macro-level ideologies.
Infertility is a reproductive health concern that deserves attention, as reconfirmed by the 2018 report of the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). ...However, governments and SRHR organisations tend to neglect infertility. We conducted a scoping review of existing interventions aiming to decrease the stigmatisation of infertility in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review consisted of a combination of research methods: academic database (Embase, Socological abstracts, google scholar; resulting in 15 articles), Google and social media searches, and primary data collection (18 key informant interviews and 3 focus group discussions). The results distinguish between infertility stigma interventions targeted at intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural levels of stigma. The review shows that published studies on interventions tackling infertility stigmatisation in LMICs are rare. Nevertheless, we found several interventions at intra- and interpersonal levels aiming to support women and men to cope with and mitigate infertility stigmatisation (e.g. counselling, telephone hotlines, and support groups). A limited number of interventions addressed stigmatisation at a structural level (e.g. empowering infertile women to become financially independent). The review suggests that infertility destigmatisation interventions need to be implemented across all levels. Interventions geared to individuals experiencing infertility should include women and men and also be offered beyond the clinical setting; and interventions should also aim to combat stigmatising attitudes of family or community members. At the structural level, interventions could aim to empower women, reshape masculinities and improve access to and quality of comprehensive fertility care. Interventions should be undertaken by policymakers, professionals, activists, and others working on infertility in LMICs, and accompanied with evaluation research to assess their effectiveness.
Until recently, trans women have been subsumed within the category of men who have sex with men for HIV-related care. Following a 2016 UNAIDS report finding that trans women globally are 49 times ...more likely to be living with HIV than the general population, health programmes have sought to expand their reach to this key population. Yet, trans women are often treated as passive subjects to be recruited into programming or clinical trials for HIV-related care. This paper uses case studies of two community-based clinics in Thailand to highlight the agency of trans women in creating and implementing unique models for the provision of care that fit their needs and those of their local communities. By tailoring goals to be trans-specific and local, trans women at these clinics help destigmatise HIV-related care. This paper argues for the importance of engaging trans women as community stakeholders in HIV-related care and prevention and identifies suggestions for stakeholder engagement in programme design both in and beyond Thailand by focussing on local conditions.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a brief web-based depression literacy intervention compared to a control condition on depression literacy, depression literacy efficacy, ...self-stigma, perceived public stigma, and personal stigma toward depression.
College students (N = 210) from a large university in the southeastern United States were recruited via a human subject pool and randomly assigned to the intervention (web-based depression literacy) or control condition. Participants completed online surveys at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up time points. A short qualitative reflection question was also responded to post-intervention.
No significant intervention condition by time interactions were seen across any variables included in the study. Significant main effects of time were found for the depression literacy, depression literacy efficacy, self-stigma, and personal stigma variables. Qualitative results show participants reported gaining a general understanding of depression in addition to more specific information such as knowing different treatment options or depression related resources.
Education through a brief web-based depression literacy intervention did not improve college students' literacy, confidence in recognising, managing, and preventing depression, or stigma towards this mental health disorder, compared to an active control condition.
Tuberculosis (TB), at present, is the leading infectious etiology of death globally. In Pakistan, there are approximately 510,000 new cases annually, with more than 15,000 of them developing into ...drug-resistant TB, making the nation the fifth-leading country in TB prevalence in the world. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the focus has drifted away from TB screening, diagnostic and health awareness campaigns, and therapeutic measures endangering knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards TB in our population. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in Pakistan to assess the KAP of Pakistani residents attending the adult outpatient departments of public hospitals for any health-related concerns. Our sample size was 856 participants, with a median age of 22 years. Occupation-wise, those who were employed had better knowledge of TB than those who were unemployed odds ratio (OR): 1.011; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005-1.8005. No differences were observed in TB knowledge between those adherents to common preventive practices versus those not adherent (OR: 0.875; 95% CI: 0.757-1.403). More than 90% of participants agreed that TB is dangerous for the community, and the majority opted against stigmatizing TB patients (79.1%). People who could read and write were 3.5 times more likely to have a good attitude towards TB compared to those who could not (OR: 3.596; 95% CI: 1.821-70.230; p=0.037). Similarly, employed subjects had better attitudes compared to unemployed ones (OR: 1.125; 95% CI: 0.498-1.852; p=0.024) and those with better knowledge of TB had a better attitude grade (OR: 1.749; 95% CI: 0.832-12.350; p=0.020). Age, occupation, and educational status were statistically significant among the two groups (p=0.038, p=0.023, p=0.000). Literate subjects had three times better practice towards TB than illiterate subjects (OR: 3.081; 95% CI: 1.869-4.164; p=0.000). Future education and awareness programs should target specific groups, such as the unemployed and illiterate, with practice-focused approaches. Our study outcomes can enable the concerned officials and authorities to take appropriate evidence-based steps to direct the efforts efficiently to curtail the burden of TB in Pakistan and to limit its progression, which could potentially lead our nation to become a multi drug-resistant TB endemic territory.
Illuminating the neglected : a view on Adam Small's literary integration of Kaaps This article examines the literary reflection of Kaaps in the oeuvre of Adam Small from the perspective of an ...egalitarian approach to linguistic diversity. According to this approach the standard and non-standardised varieties of a particular language, such as Afrikaans, should be regarded as linguistically equipollent and equally valid codes of communication. Alongside reflections on the dialectological and sociolinguistic nature of Kaaps as well as the contextualisation of Small's choice of Kaaps as literary medium, it is shown how Small's personal views on this variety of Afrikaans, the ways in which it is textually integrated and the portrayal of it's linguistic nature implicitly serve as demarginalising and destigmatising mechanisms. It is emphasised how Small's groundwork regarding the illumination of the intrinsic linguistic nature and functional sufficiency of Kaaps, have paved the way for Kaaps to be recognised as a potential feeder source in the re-standardisation of Afrikaans which appears to be imminent. This is viewed as one of Small's great historical contributions.
The institution of insolvency (bankruptcy) occupies a special place in the state institutions system to support business entities in the recovery process from the crisis, given the selection ...mechanisms and rehabilitation opportunities inherent in it. Bankruptcy on the global economy scale serves as one of the anti-crisis regulation tools to improve financial and economic stability. The Covid-19 pandemic has actualised the ensuring the bankruptcy law institutional capacity problem by maximising its anti-crisis potential. Given its spread scale, the insolvency law adaptation to the Covid-19 new challenges is a challenge faced by all legal systems without exception. The findings of this study reveal that fragmented and uncoordinated national responses have common trends caused by the unity goal of minimising economically and financially destructive effects of the pandemic. This study objective was to identify the most effective strategy for the bankruptcy institute modernisation, which solution is based on the elements comparative analysis and convergence methods. In conclusion, the bankruptcy institute development basic tendencies and patterns have been revealed. Their analysis has allowed designating the legislation perfection most effective and perspective strategies in this sphere, which are determined by the course to aim at its anti-crisis potential development.
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