Las voces de origen portugués en español han sido muy poco estudiadas, en comparación con los préstamos de otras lenguas. Esta monografía responde a la necesidad de contar con datos actuales para ...conocer mejor la riqueza de los intercambios entre ambas lenguas.La realización de esta obra ha requerido del trabajo de investigadores europeos y americanos de prestigio que, desde sus respectivas áreas de especialización, han puesto al día el conocimiento de unos contactos lingüísticos intensos. En los distintos capítulos, se presta atención a la historia de cada zona, se muestra la permeabilidad de las fronteras, tanto en el español peninsular como en el americano, y se analizan las vías de introducción y difusión de los préstamos. El amplio marco cronológico estudiado se inicia en la época medieval, continúa con el acrecentamiento de las relaciones debido a la expansión internacional de ambos países y a la Unión Ibérica, y llega hasta la actualidad con los dinámicos intercambios que se dan en las zonas de contacto con Brasil.Las aportaciones de este volumen, además de paliar la carencia de unos estudios muy necesarios en el ámbito románico, sugieren nuevos enfoques que abren la vía para futuras investigaciones.
‘What is the difference between a language and a dialect?’ is one of the questions most frequently asked of linguists. A notorious and oft-repeated answer is ‘A language is a dialect with an army and ...navy’, wrongly attributed to Max Weinreich. Linguists have mostly used this witticism as a handy way to end the discussion and dismiss the distinction between language and dialect as a political question irrelevant to their discipline. This book does not attempt to answer this seemingly unsolvable puzzle either but aims to shed light on a simple fact usually overlooked by linguists and laypeople alike: the conceptual pair is not a timeless given but has a history, and a much shorter one than one might assume. It starts not in Greek antiquity, as the origin of the word dialect may suggest, but in the sixteenth century. Taking the Weinreich witticism as its starting point, this book guides the reader on the remarkable journey which the conceptual pair has made. It begins with the prehistory of the language/dialect distinction in antiquity and the Middle Ages. The core of the book surveys the emergence, establishment, and elaboration of the conceptual pair during the early modern period, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, when linguistic diversity first became an object of intense study. Finally, the much-contested and ambiguous fate of the language / dialect distinction in modern linguistics is outlined, with special reference to the persistence of earlier ideas and the rise to prominence of the political interpretation crystallized in the Weinreich quip.
Modern Western Aramaic is one of the most critically endangered Aramaic languages, and the only extant member of the Western Aramaic subfamily. Its speakers are among the few who have not migrated ...away from their original territory, but the Syrian Civil War (2011-present) has accelerated its endangerment and resulted in the abandonment of one of the three villages in which it was previously spoken. Modern Western Aramaic thus provides us with an opportunity to document a language precisely as it succumbs to some of the primary causes of language endangerment, i.e., conflict and migration. The following text, collected in 2020, discusses this community's experience during this conflict from the perspective of one of the few remaining competent speakers. We have contextualized this text with a discussion of the language and its grammar in comparison with the most recent descriptions, all of which were made decades prior to the war, when the language was much less endangered.
This article presents a historical overview of Kashubian dialect classifications. Until now, five different approaches to classifying Kashubian dialects have been developed, which are only partially ...congruent with each other. Based on the traditional dialectology framework, Alexander Hilferding (1862) created a meridional classification, delineating vertical boundaries between the three main Kashubian dialects that he identified. Following the same theoretical framework, Stefan Ramułt (1893) developed a different tripartite classification system based on establishing borders between varieties horizontally. Ramułt's findings arguably contributed to Friedrich Lorentz's structural classification of 76 Kashubian dialects (made about 1910). Bernard Sychta (1960), on the other hand, in his ethnological classification distinguished Kashubian regional groups which use their local varieties. Based on the traditional dialectology framework, Kwiryna Handke's (1978-1979) division comprises six Kashubian dialect groups that do not exclude each other geographically.
The article provides an overview of Lithuanian dialects and their classification. Two of them were of particular significance: the system devised by Baranauskas in 1898 and the classification of ...Jaunius prepared in 1890-1911, whose principles were used by Salys to create the first scientific classification of Lithuanian dialects in 1933, when the methods of historic comparative linguistics were applied. The rise of structuralism gave the impetus for phonological classification in the second half of the 20th century. The system designed by Zinkevičius and Girdenis in 1966 is still considered to be the main dialect classification of Lithuanian dialects – it is based on certain phonetic (phonological) criteria, but no other criteria (lexical, morphological, or syntactical) have so far been used as the basis for dialect classifying. The dialect variation of the Lithuanian language in the early 21st century is reflected in the new dialect derivations – regiolects and geolects (2014).
Rielaborazione di una tesi di dottorato classificatasi al primo posto (ex aequo) nell’ambito della XI edizione del Premio Giovanni Nencioni (Accademia della Crusca), questo volume presenta una nuova ...silloge commentata di testi trentini antichi (secoli XIII-XIV): ai monumenti trecenteschi noti da tempo (gli Statuti dei Battuti di Trento e il cosiddetto Inventario giudicariese), riproposti secondo criteri scientifici, si affiancano altri tredici documenti in parte inediti, in parte già pubblicati ma noti pressoché esclusivamente in ambito storico e sfuggiti all’attenzione dei linguisti. Il commento analizza grafia, fonetica, morfologia e sintassi dei testi e, come il glossario, ha lo scopo di schedare le forme della raccolta inserendole nel quadro linguistico coevo e istituendo una serie di raffronti con i documenti trentini del Quattrocento e con i dialetti moderni; concludono l’opera due indici onomastici (dedicati, rispettivamente, agli antroponimi e ai toponimi), una serie di diciotto tavole a colori e un’appendice volta a fornire informazioni archivistiche.
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