Furnizorul are rolul de a empatiza cu receptorul pentru a crea un nume cu rezonanţă în acord cu preocupările actuale ale societăţii. Autoarea a identificat în cadrul numelor comerciale convenţionale, ...anumite elemente neconvenţionale "hipocoristice, nickname-uri, contaminări" (p. 118), care au rolul de a crea cuvinte originale sau de a reda particularităţi fonetice ale unei anumite regiuni, oferind, în acelaşi timp, exemple integrate şi dovedind un stil individualizat: diminutive cu sufixe de la substantiv şi adjectiv (Lăptic pentru cel mic, Lapte uşurel); apocopă (Napolact Iaurt Pur şi simplu numa ' bun) (p. 119). Categoriile onomastice remarcate provin din rândul antroponimelor româneşti (Mara) sau împrumutate din engleză (Tudor Investing Solutions') şi franceză (Aimée), toponime (Coats Odorhei), crononime (Summer Time), fitonime (Secret Iris), oronime (Everest Group), nume de opere muzicale (La Boheme) şi nume de personaje mitologice (Casa de Modă Venus) (p. 125-126).
En la Ciudad de México se hallan contextos en los que ahorita no puede ser interpretado como puntual ni como cercano al momento del habla. Este comportamiento es investigado como resultado de un ...proceso de atenuación semántica, bajo la hipótesis de cambio en tiempo aparente. Así, se analizó el habla de tres generaciones de hablantes de la Ciudad de México, y se encontró que ahorita se ha extendido a contextos incompatibles con los rasgos de puntualidad y cercanía al momento del habla entre los hablantes más jóvenes, desplazando con ello a ahora en ciertos casos.
En el proceso de adaptación lingüística de migrantes puede suceder que se encuentren en contextos donde las formas mayoritariamente empleadas por sus convecinos no coincidan con las empleadas en las ...variedades prestigiosas. Es el caso de los sufijos apreciativos diminutivos en Granada, donde, como peculiaridad en el mundo hispánico, se usan tres sufijos productivos: -illo, -ito e -ico. Estudiamos los procesos de acomodación en el uso y aprendizaje de los diminutivos en cinco grupos migrantes. Dos de ellos son hispanohablantes: ecuatorianos y ecuatoguineanos, mientras que los tres restantes no son hispanohablantes en su origen: polacos, rumanos y marroquíes. Los resultados apuntan al rechazo del sufijo más local (-ico) y la alternancia entre -illo e -ito, pero, a diferencia de los granadinos, es -ito el sufijo más empleado.
Small Words, Big Picture Julia Nowak; Agnieszka Mierzejewska; Katarzyna Pelc
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium,
10/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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This study attempts to analyse the stylistic and cultural role of diminutives using examples from the short story collection The Last Wish by A. Sapkowski. With the rising popularity of the computer ...game series as well as the Netflix series based on The Witcher Saga, so rose the interest of the English-speaking world in the Slavic culture. The role of diminutives can present a serious linguistic and cultural barrier for any translator as they may or may not be present in the translator’s native tongue. Translating a text to a language in which diminutives play a significantly smaller role than in the original requires not only a robust lexical knowledge, but also the ability to express each of the four distinct functions of diminutives in an appropriate manner. The method chosen for this study involves compiling all the diminutives and hypocorisms from a given short story and comparing them with corresponding phrases chosen by the translator, as well as evaluating the techniques used and providing alternatives where applicable. The authors believe that a close look at the translation of diminutives will allow the public to fully appreciate the depth and nuance of meaning characterising the work steeped in Polish and Slavic tradition to such extent.
Introduction This paper studies the pragmatic force that heritage speakers may convey through the use of the diminutive in everyday speech. In particular, I analyze the use of the Spanish diminutive ...in 49 sociolinguistic interviews from a Spanish–English bilingual community in Southern Arizona, U.S. where Spanish is the heritage language. I compare the use of the diminutive in heritage Spanish to the distribution of the diminutive in the speech of a Spanish monolingual community (18 sociolinguistic interviews) from the same dialectal region. Although Spanish and English employ different morphosyntactic strategies to express diminutive meaning, the analysis reveals that the diminutive morpheme -ito/a is a productive morphological device in the Spanish-discourse of heritage speakers from Southern Arizona (i.e., similar diminutive distributions to their monolingual counterparts). While heritage speakers employed the diminutive -ito/a to express the notion of “smallness” in their Spanish-discourse, the analysis indicates that these language users are more likely to invoke a subjective evaluation through the diminutive -ito/a when talking about their family members and/or childhood experiences. This particular finding suggests that the concept “child” is the semantic/pragmatic driving force of the diminutive in heritage Spanish as a marker of speech by, about, to, or with some relation to children. The analysis further suggests that examining the pragmatic dimensions of the diminutive in everyday speech can provide important insights into how heritage speakers encode and create cultural meaning in their heritage languages. Methods In this study, I analyze the use of Spanish diminutives in two U.S.-Mexico border regions. The first data set is representative of a Spanish–English bilingual community in Southern Arizona, U.S., provided in the Corpus del Español en el Sur de Arizona (The CESA Corpus). The CESA Corpus comprises 49 sociolinguistic interviews of ~1 h each for a total of ~305,542 words. The second data set comprises 18 sociolinguistic interviews of predominantly monolingual Spanish speakers from the city of Mexicali, Baja California in Mexico, provided in the Proyecto Para el Estudio Sociolingü í stico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA). The Mexicali data set consists of ~119,162 words. Results The analysis revealed that the Spanish diminutive morpheme -ito/a is a productive morphological device in the Spanish-discourse of heritage speakers from Southern Arizona. In addition to its prototypical meaning (i.e., the notion of “smallness”), the diminutive morpheme -ito/a conveyed an array of pragmatic functions in the everyday speech of Spanish heritage speakers and their monolingual counterparts from the same dialectal region. Importantly, these pragmatic functions are mediated by speakers' subjective perceptions of the entity in question. Unlike their monolingual counterparts, heritage speakers are more likely to invoke a subjective evaluation through the diminutive -ito/a when talking about their family members and/or childhood experiences. Altogether, the study suggests that the concept “child” is the semantic/pragmatic driving force of the diminutive in heritage Spanish as a marker of speech by, about, to, or with some relation to children. Discussion In this study, I followed Reynoso's framework to study the pragmatic dimensions of the diminutive in everyday speech, that is, speakers' publicly conveyed meaning. The analysis revealed that heritage speakers applied most of the pragmatic functions and their respective values observed in Reynoso's cross-dialectal study of Spanish diminutives, and hence providing further support for her framework. Similarly, the study provides further evidence to Jurafsky's proposal that morphological diminutives arise from semantic or pragmatic links with children. Finally, the analysis indicated that examining the semantic/pragmatic dimensions of the diminutive in everyday speech can provide important insights into how heritage speakers encode and create cultural meaning in their heritage languages, which can in turn have further ramifications for heritage language learning and teaching.
Diminutive names in Peninsular Arabic Shockley, Mark D.
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,
02/2024, Letnik:
87, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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In the Arabian Peninsula, lexically diminutive personal names, family names and place names are ubiquitous. In a dataset of 9,060 Arabian names, 1,717 (19 per cent) are diminutive. This article finds ...that the diminutive pattern CiCēC (cf. Classical CuCayC) has meanings and functions in Arabic names that are distinct from its meanings and functions in common nouns. In addition to expected meanings related to size, the diminutive carries partitive and attributive meanings. It may simply mark a name (as an onymic) or derive a name (as a transonymic). The diminutive may disambiguate two similar names found in close proximity (e.g. Diba ≠ Dubai). The form and function of the diminutive differ categorically according to what kind of name is diminutivized, supporting the semantic-pragmatic theory of names. A quantitative analysis of toponyms indicates that diminutive names are associated with Bedouin dialects and practices, as suggested by previous research.
Like other syntactic elements, affixes are sometimes said to be heads or modifiers. In Russian, one suffix,
-onok
, can be either: as a head, it is a size diminutive denoting baby animals, and as a ...modifier, it is an evaluative with a dismissive/affectionate flavor. Various grammatical properties of this suffix differ between the two uses: gender, declension class, and interaction with suppletive alternations, both as target and trigger. We explore a reductionist account of these differences: the baby diminutive comprises a lexical morpheme plus a functional nominalizing head, while the evaluative affix is the lexical morpheme alone. We contend that our account is superior to two conceivable alternatives: first, the view that these are homophonous but unrelated affixes, and second, a cartographic alternative, whereby diminutives attach at different levels in a universal structure.
It is well known that German and Dutch have productive diminutive morphology. What is much less discussed is the fact that several other Germanic languages do not have such productive morphology, ...notably the Scandinavian languages. Instead, these languages form compounds to express a diminutive meaning. This paper addresses the puzzle of why the Scandinavian languages do not have productive diminutive morphology. The paper argues that the culprit is the particular definite suffix that the Scandinavian languages have. This is a postnominal definite suffix that occupies a low position in the nominal functional spine. It is argued that the presence of this suffixed article accounts for the lack of productive synthetic diminutive formation in these languages.
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