La educación indígena en Brasil tiene su marco fundador con las primeras acciones catequéticas de los jesuitas en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. En esa larga trayectoria hasta los días la educación ...de los pueblos indígenas que habitan el territorio brasileño ha sido objeto de controversias y discusiones, tanto a nivel gubernamental como académico y generado innumerables estudios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y describir por medio de una revisión narrativa la producción científica producida por los investigadores que se dedican a estudiar el tema y publicaron sus estudios en diferentes canales de publicación: tesis y disertaciones, libros, colecciones y artículos. Al final del trabajo fue posible identificar una producción científica compuesta de varias tipologías documentales acerca de la temática educación indígena oriunda de diversas áreas del conocimiento.
Failure to reach data saturation has an impact on the quality of the research conducted and hampers content validity. The aim of a study should include what determines when data saturation is ...achieved, for a small study will reach saturation more rapidly than a larger study. Data saturation is reached when there is enough information to replicate the study when the ability to obtain additional new information has been attained, and when further coding is no longer feasible. The following article critiques two qualitative studies for data saturation: Wolcott (2004) and Landau and Drori (2008). Failure to reach data saturation has a negative impact on the validity on one’s research. The intended audience is novice student researchers.
Existing political economy models explain the politics of trade policy using inter-industry differences. However, this article finds that much of the variation in U.S. applied tariff rates in fact ...arises within industry. I offer a theory of trade liberalization that explains how product differentiation in economic markets leads to firm-level lobbying in political markets. High levels of product differentiation eliminates the collective action problem faced by exporting firms while import-competing firms need not fear product substitution. To test this argument, I construct a new dataset on lobbying by all publicly traded manufacturing firms from reports filed under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. I find that productive exporting firms are more likely to lobby to reduce tariffs, especially when their products are sufficiently differentiated. I also find that highly differentiated products have lower tariff rates. The results challenge the common focus on industry-level lobbying for protection.
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