In August 1942, five transports were sent to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau from the territory of the Independent State of Croatia (ISC), with approximately 5,000 Jews. One of them was ...sent from Vinkovci with circa 1,000 Jews. It left the territory of the ISC on 19 August, and arrived in Auschwitz on 22 August. The transport has been only partially researched, mostly regarding victims from the Serbian part of the Syrmia region, without taking into account the complete picture, and with various omissions and mistakes. Documents scattered in numerous archival and other heritage institutions, many of them unknown to research communities in Croatia and Serbia, compared with statistical data for inhabitants of the settlements included in the analysis, reveal what was going on with Jewish communities not only in the wider region of Syrmia (Srijem), nowadays in Croatia and Serbia, but also in Bijeljina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from where Jews were also incorporated into that transport. The analysis includes not only Jews who were sent to Auschwitz via the detention camp in Vinkovci, where they were kept during July and August 1942 (Jews from Vukovar, Županja, Ruma, Sremska Mitrovica, Bijeljina, Ilok, Šid, maybe some from Stara Pazova), but also those who were sent to the concentration camps in Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška from May to August 1942 (Jews from Vinkovci and Zemun, most of the Jews from Stara Pazova, maybe/probably some of those from Ilok and Šid). The paper also includes a review of the destiny of Syrmian and Bijeljina’s Jews during 1941 and in the earlier period of 1942. The Holocaust was almost complete in those areas in August 1942. The only exemption was granted to Jews in mixed marriages and their children, those employed in medical services, and individuals who were exempt on some other basis. Most of them perished in the next wave of deportations in May 1943. The results of the research give a clearer picture of the flow of Holocaust in that part of the territory of the ISC and can be used for the correction and supplementation of the data about victims, not only of the individuals who perished in Auschwitz, registered in the death books from the camp or confirmed as victims of that camp by other sources, but also of those who perished in the concentration camps Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška. Regarding the Croatian part of Syrmia, some new results refer to the victims from Vukovar and Ilok who perished in Auschwitz but were previously linked to the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška camps. Some of the victims, e.g. those from Županja, were not registered at all, and were mostly deported to Auschwitz. The data for Jews from Vinkovci and Zemun, almost all of whom perished in Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška from May to July 1942, can also be updated from the transfer lists of the Ustasha Surveillance Service (Ustaška nadzorna Služba, UNS) used in this research.
U suvremenosti je napušteno umjetno razdvajanje općeg koncepta ljudskih prava na sudski ostvariva klasična liberalna (građanska i politička) prava, te aspiracijska i programska socijalna i ekonomska ...jamstva isključena od mogućnosti (ustavno)sudske zaštite. Stoga je razložno tvrditi da i socijalna prava predstavljaju izraz normativnog konstitucionalizma. Osobito uzme li se u obzir njihov značaj u stvaranju materijalnih preduvjeta ostvarenju dostojanstva i autonomije pojedinca kao svrhe i cilja suvremene ustavne države. Pritom njihova povezanost s proračunskom materijom, kao prerogativom tijela predstavničke demokracije, ne smije biti valjan razlog odricanja mogućnosti njihove (ustavno)sudske ostvarivosti, jer bi se time propis zakonskog ranga (proračun) izdigao ponad vrijednosne strukture temeljnoga dokumenta (ustava) koji uspostavlja pravo na minimum sredstava za vođenje dostojnoga života i autonoman razvoj ljudske osobe. S time na umu, ipak je potrebno definiranje granice do koje ustavno sudište može ići u njihovoj zaštiti, a da ne pokuša supstituirati zakonodavca. Na teorijskoj je razini nemoguće povući „krutu“ crtu razgraničenja između uloge (ustavnog)sudstva i zakonodavca pri realizaciji ustavnih socijalnih jamstava. Stoga se najpogodnijim rješenjem ističe učenje iz poredbene prakse kolumbijskog Ustavnog suda čiji je aktivistički i agresivan pristup zaštiti socijalnih prava u određenim trenucima koketirao s politizacijom Ustavnoga suda. Iz tog je razloga graničnu crtu (ustavno)sudske zaštite socijalnih prava potrebno tražiti u institucionalnim ograničenjima ustavnoga sudstva, radije nego u pokušaju konstruiranja artificijelnih ograničenja tumačenih socijalnih prava i načela.
Razdoblje neposredno nakon Prvog svjetskog rata obilježeno je nizom političkih i gospodarskih odluka koje su nepovratno izmijenile društvenu strukturu kao i posjedovne odnose na području cijele ...Države SHS. Sa svrhom ukidanja posljednjih tragova feudalnih ili kolonatskih odnosa te ukidanja veleposjeda, agrarna je reforma bez iznimke provedena na području cijele Države. Dostupna istraživanja u značajnoj su mjeri obrazložila postupak donošenja političkih odluka, kao i postupak primjene agrarne reforme na različitim feudalnim imanjima na području Države te su od neizmjernog značaja za razumijevanje problematike u historijskom, ali i u pravnom smislu. Kada je riječ o provođenju reforme i ukidanju veleposjeda na području Slavonije, pravna historiografija raspolaže podacima o nestajanju velikih imanja slavonskoga plemstva, ali ne i o statusu posjeda bogatih posjednika, osobito onih njemačke narodnosti. U svrhu popunjavanja stanovite praznine, ovo se istraživanje nastojalo usredotočiti na pravnogospodarske učinke provođenja agrarne reforme na veleposjedu Josipa Gustava Blaua koji je istaknutim doprinosom kulturnom razvoju grada Osijeka ostavio značajan trag u historiografiji grada. Detaljnom raščlambom dostupnog arhivskog materijala, kao i komparacijom zaključaka dostupnih istraživanja nastajat će se utvrditi i prikazati veličina i pravni status veleposjeda Pomoćin prije, ali i neposredno nakon eksproprijacije u okviru provođenja agrarne reforme u razdoblju 1921. – 1929. godine.
The period immediately after the First World War was marked by a series of political and economic decisions that irrevocably changed the social structure as well as property relations in the territory of the entire State of SHS. With the purpose of abolishing the last traces of feudal or colonate relations and the abolition of large estates, the agrarian reform was carried out without exception on the territory of the entire country. The available research significantly explained the process of making political decisions, as well as the process of applying the agrarian reform on different estates in the territory of the State, and they are of immense importance for understanding the issue in a historical and legal sense. When it comes to the implementation of the reform and the abolition of large estates in the territory of Slavonia, legal historiography has data on the disappearance of large estates of the Slavonian nobility, but not on the status of the estates of wealthy landowners, especially those of German nationality. In order to fill a certain gap, this research tried to focus on the legal-economic effects of implementing the agrarian reform on the large estate of Josip Gustav Blau, who left a significant mark in the historiography of the city with his prominent contribution to the cultural development of the city of Osijek. A detailed analysis of the available archival material, as well as a comparison of the conclusions of the available research, will try to determine and present the size and the legal status of the Pomoćin estate before, but also immediately after the expropriation in the framework of the implementation of the agrarian reform in the period from 1921 to 1929.
This special volume collects contributions from leading scholars who scrutinize the challenges digital finance presents for the EU internal market and financial market regulation from multiple public ...policy perspectives. Author contributions aim to provide policy-relevant research and ideas shedding light on the complexities of the digital finance promise. They also offer solid proposals for reform of EU financial services law.
Kruha i igara Dujmović, Lucija
In medias res,
09/2022, Letnik:
11, Številka:
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U ovom preglednom članku se analizira odnos između igre i sreće, kocke, države i zakona. U prvom dijelu rada se predstavlja igra i igre na sreću te njen značaj za čovjeka i tranzicija u područje ...ovisnosti. U drugom dijelu se govori o kocki, hazardnim igrama, državi i zakonima. Spominju se pravni akti i uplitanje etike i morala u priređivanje igara na sreću i njihovo oglašavanje. Zaključak objedinjuje sve navedeno te iznosi neka pitanja na koje se tek trebaju dati cjeloviti odgovori.
This review article analyzes the relationship between play and luck, gambling, the state and the law. The first part of the paper is about the games and the games of chance.; its impact on man and the transition into the field of addiction.The second part is about gambling, high risk games, the state and state’s law, legal acts and the interference of ethics and morality in the organization of games of chance and their advertising. The conclusion brings together all of the above and presents some questions that need to be answered.
U radu se ispituju preobražaji teorije blagostanja, s osloncem na društvenopovijesne i ideološke prilike koje su utjecale na promjene shvaćanja uloge države. Prvo se analizira ideja blagostanja u ...škotskom prosvjetiteljstvu, odnosno stara teorija blagostanja po kojoj država nije izvor blagostanja, već je to vlastiti interes. Ova prvobitna teorija blagostanja utemeljena je na učenju škotskih moralnih filozofa koji su, sukladno antropološkom skepticizmu, smatrali da je samoljublje ona antropološka karakteristika koja dovodi do društvenog napretka i da samo vlastiti interes može motivirati ljude da služe drugima. Kasnije, uslijed promijenjenih društvenih i političkih prilika, širenjem uvjerenja da je vladina djelatnost neophodna za slobodu i samorazvitak građana, polako se napušta laissez-faire liberalizam, a državni intervencionizam postaje ključni faktor osiguranja društvenog blagostanja. U tom smislu analiziraju se promjene u okviru liberalne tradicije u drugoj polovici XIX. i prvoj polovici XX. stoljeća. Zatim se detaljno ispituje institucionalizirana država blagostanja kao poseban oblik organizacije kapitalističkog društva poslije Drugog svjetskog rata, i njoj svojstvena moderna teorija blagostanja. Na kraju, prikazana je i kritika države blagostanja i samog pojma blagostanja oličena kako u djelu najpoznatijih predstavnika neoliberalnog vala, tako i u politikama konzervativno-liberalnih vlada 80-ih i 90-ih godina XX. stoljeća.
The objective of the paper is to indicate the wider context that should be taken into consideration when conducting a reform of the existing system of relationship between the local authorities and ...the central authority. The paper identifies not only the limitations, but also the possibilities available to the holders of the reform of the relationship between the local authorities and the central authority. Furthermore, the paper particularly stresses the necessity of respecting the relationship of the system towards the subsystems and the elements thereof as a necessary prerequisite for the introduction of a new system of satisfactory entropy level. The share of public income exceeds the tax capacity of the Croatian economy. Since, on the one hand, the existing tax pressure is unsustainable, it is, on the other hand, necessary to considerably increase the share of the local administration and self-administration in the income collected from taxes. By becoming a member state of the European Union, Croatia has waived one part of its national sovereignty. Abandoning national sovereignty in general redefines the system and the politics, which for its part makes the existing relationship between the central authority and the local authorities counterproductive. In order to reduce development-related differences among counties, and to secure the minimal standard of public goods for all citizens, it is necessary to establish a new system starting from the market state. The existing system regarding the relationship between the central authority and the local authorities was unsatisfactory in the circumstances of the national state. In a market state, it is unsustainable as such. In a market state, counties ought to take over the responsibility for the development of economy in their areas in order to 1) increase tax capacity that 2) enables a larger quantity and diversity of public goods. Though introducing economic principles into specifying the relationship between the central authority and the local authorities does not mean giving up interregional, interpersonal and intergenerational solidarity, their relationship ought to be based on the principles of competitiveness growth, as a foundation of the survival and development of any market state. The paper proposes a change in the approach to observing the problems, and the manner of solving economic issues at state level; possible solutions regarding the relationship between the central authority and the local authorities may thereby be observed and derived in order to actualise the necessary public goods within democratic processes, whereby the public sector should not jeopardize the competitiveness of the economy. The paper furthermore stresses the need to define the minimal standard of public goods at state level ensured by the central authority, accompanied by stimuli (including the intervention-related ones) granted by the counties, which are meant to accelerate the development and present the starting point for the equality of all the citizens of Croatia.
Citizens’ Solidarity in Europe systematically dissects the manifestations of solidarity buried beneath the official policies and measures of public authority in Europe. In this exciting and ...innovative book, contributors offer comprehensive and original data and highlight the detrimental factors that tend to inhibit or annihilate solidarity, and those that are beneficial for the nurturing of solidarity.
Poljsku se ponajprije smatra izvorom migracija, ali posljednjih godina zemlja je postala i mjesto naseljavanja izbjeglica i migranata, koji osobito dolaze iz Istočne Europe. U ovom smo radu najprije ...pokušali prikazati današnje iseljavanje iz Poljske, a zatim predstaviti priljev stranaca u tu zemlju. Pokazali smo i posljedice iseljavanja za Poljsku. Zatim smo se fokusirali na učenje Crkve o iseljenicima, a posebno na brigu za njihovo duhovno dobro. Drugi dio članka posvećen je useljenicima u Poljsku. Razmišljanje završava predstavljanjem trenutačnih podataka o broju imigranata i razlozima naseljavanja u Poljskoj. Prikazali smo poljsku državnu politiku s tim u vezi te prešli na stav Rimokatoličke Crkve u pogledu prihvaćanja izbjeglica i migranata. Na temelju provedenih analiza ustanovili smo da je politika poljske države otvorena uglavnom prema pridošlicama iz Istočne Europe, dok potencijalnim migrantima sa Srednjeg Istoka i iz Afrike, poljska Vlada nudi pomoć samo u privremenom naseljavanju. S druge strane, Rimokatolička Crkva u Poljskoj naglašava potrebu otvorenosti prema svim ljudima kojima je pomoć potrebna, premda primjećuje da je potrebno educiranje javnosti o tom pitanju. Rješenja prihvaćena u Poljskoj rezultirala su masovnim priljevom migranata iz istočnoeuropskih zemalja, posebno iz Ukrajine.
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