Globalno zdravlje i interes države Popović, Petar
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva,
12/2020, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Pandemija koronavirusa posljednja je u nizu svjetskih kriza koja upućuje na domete i ograničenja teorija međunarodnih odnosa, poglavito suvremenog realizma. Konvencionalni analitički okvir koji ...međunarodne političke odnose svodi na dvije razine, nacionalnu i međunarodnu, čini se nedostatnim u razmatranju globalnog upravljanja zdravljem. Ovaj rad namjerava, iz perspektive teorija globalizacije, ukazati na kompleksan karakter i logiku globalnoga prostornog poretka na području zdravlja. Implikacije za državu i njezin interes ogledaju se u dramatičnoj proliferaciji različitih privatnih aktera, od farmaceutske industrije do korporativnih i filantropskih inicijativa. Njihovom se ekspanzijom poglavito zapadne gospodarske i vojne sile pozicioniraju na prostoru moći u globalnom upravljanju. No tržišna logika i difuzna moć globalnog zdravlja generiraju ekstremne zdravstvene neravnoteže među razvijenima i nerazvijenim društvima, jakima i slabim državama. Globalan nerazmjer, odnosno katastrofalni sanitarni uvjeti u Trećem svijetu uzroci su potencijalnih izbijanja pandemija koja ugrožavaju globalni poredak. Ključno je stoga pitanje što je uopće strateški interes države u epohi globalnog zdravlja.
The coronavirus pandemic is the last in a row of global crises that have shed light on the reach and the limitations of international relations theories, especially contemporary realism. The conventional analytical framework that narrows international political relations down to just two levels of analysis, the national and the international, seems inadequate for considering the issue of global health management. This article, therefore, intends to highlight the complex character of and the logic behind global spatial order in the area of global health from the perspective of the sociology of globalization. The implications for the state and its interest are reflected in the dramatic proliferation of different private actors, from pharmaceutical industries to various corporate and philanthropic initiatives. Their expansion has facilitated the positioning of particularly Western economic and military forces in the power arena of global management. However, market logic and the diffuse power of global health have been generating serious global health imbalances between the developed and underdeveloped societies, between strong and weak states. Global disproportion i.e. the catastrophic sanitary conditions in the Third World are in fact the root of potential threats and pandemic outbreaks which, in turn, threaten the very global order. The crucial question thus becomes: What is actually the strategic interest of the state in a global health era?
Globalizacija,
kao proces koji teži sveobuhvatnosti i jedinstvenosti svijeta, nameće složeno
pitanje o načinima sukobljavanja s ekonomskim nejednakostima kao posljedicom
neoliberalnog modela ...integracije svjetskoga tržišta. Imajući na umu
restrukturacijsku prirodu tog procesa, koji se odvija na više razina, dolazi se
do zaključka kako nastali odnosi u svjetskoj trgovinskoj mreži umanjuju značaj
financijske suverenosti nacionalnih država. S obzirom na to, ekonomske
nejednakosti se perpetuiraju, a socijalni instrumenti nacionalnih država su
blokirani zbog umreženosti u globalno tržište koje se odvija po obrascu
neoliberalne paradigme. U radu se izlažu razine na kojima se odvija integracija
globalnoga tržišta (makro, mezo i mikro) te se ističu različiti učinci
globalizacijskoga procesa na razvijene (zapadne) demokracije, tržišna
gospodarstva u nastajanju, zemlje u razvoju te države post-tranzicije iz
socijalizma u demokraciju. Dodatno, ističe se utjecaj ekonomskih procesa i
kriza na ustavne poretke nacionalnih država, što može rezultirati „prešutnom“
izmjenom ustavnih struktura pojedinih država u smjeru rastakanja uloge
zakonodavnog tijela (kao izabranog predstavništva građana) pri kreiranju
ekonomskih, fiskalnih i socijalnih politika. Naposljetku se ukazuje kako je, s
obzirom na nemogućnost jedinstvene regulacije svjetskoga tržišta, mehanizme za
suzbijanje negativnih (socijalnih i ekonomskih) posljedica globalizacijskoga
procesa potrebno pronaći unutar okvira nacionalnih socijalnih država.
Globalization, as a process that strives for the
universality and singularity of the world, raises the complex question of ways
to confront economic inequalities as a consequence of the neoliberal model of
world market integration. Bearing in mind the restructuring nature of this
process, which takes place on several levels, it is concluded that the
resulting relations in the world trade network diminish the importance of the
financial sovereignty of national states. Given this, economic inequalities are
perpetuated, and the social instruments of national states have been blocked
due to networking in the global market that follows the pattern of the
neoliberal paradigm. The paper presents the levels at which global market
integration takes place (macro, meso, and micro) and highlights the various
effects of the globalization process on developed (Western) democracies,
emerging market economies, developing countries, and post-transition countries
from socialism to democracy. In addition, the impact of economic processes and
crises on the constitutional order of national states is highlighted, which may
result in “tacit” changes in the constitutional structures of individual states
in the direction of dissolving the role of legislatures (as elected
representatives of citizens) in creating economic, fiscal and social policies.
Finally, it is pointed out that, given the impossibility of unified regulation
of the world market, mechanisms to combat the negative (social and economic)
consequences of the globalization process need to be found within the framework
of national states.
Rad se bavi doktrinarnim, normativno-pravnim i funkcionalnim aspektom ustavnog sudovanja u funkciji “čuvara i zaštitnika” ustava (Häberle) te, posljedično, zaštitom njime propisane vladavine prava. U ...obradi teme, prije svega, polazit će se od hrvatskog ustavnog sustava i njime ustrojenog položaja, zadaća i nadležnosti Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Dakako, uz ukazivanje i uspoređivanje s Ustavnim sudom Republike Kazahstan po ovoj osnovi.
The paper deals with the doctrinal, normative-legal and functional aspect of constitutional adjudication in the function of “guardian and protector” of the constitution (Häberle), and consequently the protection of the rule of law prescribed by it. In processing the topic, first of all, the starting point is the Croatian constitutional system and the position, tasks and competences of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, together with,ofcourse, reference to and comparison with the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan on this basis.
This open access book examines how creating a national brand assisted Qatar in absorbing the shock and awe following the outburst of the crisis with Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the United Arab ...Emirates in May 2017. The authors discuss the country's diplomatic performance, which was characterized by five main factors that helped Qatar to deal with the crisis successfully. These factors include the failure of the element of surprise, years of building Qatar’s national brand, Qatar's arsenal of soft power, international alliances, and the opponents’ quandary. This book further scrutinizes Qatar’s role in the region and all questions related to this role through the lenses of its nation brand. The book provides explanations for the success of Qatar in absorbing the “shock and awe” in the early stage of the last Gulf crisis, presenting various arguments on how establishing a nation brand helped Qatar to deal with the crisis successfully. The book follows an original approach that views the Qatari case from a scientific perspective, investigating the art of nation branding. It will appeal to students, researchers, and scholars of international relations, psychology, political science, and journalism, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of soft power, nation branding, Middle East studies, and diplomacy.
Stoljeće švedske demokracije Havel, Boris
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva,
12/2022, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cilj je ovoga članka kroz povijesni pregled prikazati politički sustav Kraljevine Švedske, koji se ubraja među najstabilnije na svijetu. Švedska je politika tijekom većeg dijela demokratske povijesti ...bila obilježena nadmetanjem dvaju blokova: lijevim kojega su predvodili socijaldemokrati i desnim ili građanskim kojega je predvodila Stranka umjerenih. Ta je tradicionalna podjela na dva bloka prekinuta 2010. kad je stranka Švedskih demokrata, koja je nastala iz ekstremističkih desničarskih pokreta, prvi put ušla u Riksdag. Njihovo prerastanje u parlamentarnu stranku te susljedni rast do treće, a 2022. do druge najveće parlamentarne stranke može se smatrati najvećim potresom suvremene švedske politike. Ovo je istraživanje usredotočeno na nastanak i uspon Švedskih demokrata, te način na koji su na neko vrijeme poremetili tradicionalni dvoblokovski sustav. Na temelju njihova stranačkog programa, političkog postupanja, reakcija čelnika drugih stranaka, te društvenih previranja koja su dovela do tako snažnog porasta, razmotreno je može li se smatrati da su se Švedski demokrati preobrazili u srednjostrujašku konzervativnu stranku, te može li se pretpostaviti da se švedska parlamentarna politička pozornica ponovno vratila u okvire dvoblokovskog nadmetanja.
The purpose of this article is to present, through a historical overview, the political system of the Kingdom of Sweden, often considered one of the most stable in the world. Throughout most of its democratic history, Swedish politics has featured political rivalry of two blocks: left, led by the Social Democrats, and right led by the Moderates. This traditional dichotomy was upset in 2010 when the Sweden Democrats, which emerged out of extremist right-wing movements, first became parliamentary party. Their winning of parliamentary seats and subsequent increase to third, and in 2022 to second largest parliamentary party has been arguably the greatest upset in contemporary Swedish politics. This research is focused on the emergence and expansion of the Sweden Democrats, and the way in which they, apparently temporarily, unsettled traditional two-block system of the Swedish parliamentary politics. Based on their party program, political actions, reactions of other parties’ leaders, and the social processes which led to their success, it is examined whether or not the Sweden Democrats have transformed into a mainstream conservative party, and whether or not the Swedish parliamentary politics resumed its two-blocks features.
This paper analyses the issue of recognition of canon marriage (matrimonium) that has been concluded in the Vatican City State and also the effects of decisions of church courts on marriage in the ...Republic of Croatia. Firstly, the authors elaborate the issue of the status of the state and legal order of the Vatican City State, including its regulation of marriage. After the initial findings the question of recognition of marriage concluded in the Vatican City State in the Republic of Croatia is analysed. The conclusion in this aspect is that such a marriage is recognised in Croatia and its registration in the personal status record should be facilitated. In the following chapters the authors first analyse all the potentially relevant church courts’ decisions that concern canon marriage in the Vatican City State. Thereafter, they elaborate whether such decisions may be recognized in Croatia given the fact that church, and not state, courts decide on the issue. Given the specificities of the Vatican City State that are evidenced in the fact that those decisions have direct effect, the authors conclude that such decisions are to be generally differentiated from church courts’ decisions. Finally, the paper deals with the application of Art. 13/4 of the Agreement on legal issues between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia that regulates how church decisions on marriage are given effect in Croatia. However, without further legislative steps, the courts cannot apply the rule. So far, such steps have not been taken and the concerned parties can only gain civil effects of cessation of marriage through civil courts.
Javni sektor u suvremenom poslovnom okruženju biva izložen isti m utjecajima globalnog poslovanja, društvenih i kulturnih promjena kao i privatni sektor, te se sukladno tome prilagođava postojećim ...socio-ekonomskim potrebama. Zadaća je javnog sektora da zajedno s privatnim sektorom unaprjeđuje društvo, stvara predispozicije društvenog
rasta i razvoja, utječe na pozitivno određenje nacionalnih ekonomija i rada poslovnih subjekata u svrhu stvaranja novih vrijednosti. Također, kao javni servis, javni sektor osigurava pravovremeno, kvalitetno i sadržajno ostvarenje interesa građana. Stoga je nužno definirati i razvijati oblike javnog menadžmenta
koji se mogu odgovarajuće prilagoditi promjenama okruženja i djelotvorno upravljati različitim aspektima internih funkcija javnog sektora. Cilj rada je istražiti temeljna obilježja suvremenog javnog sektora i na temelju toga odrediti potrebne modalitete javnog menadžmenta. Metodologija istraživanja temelji se na analizi strukture javnog sektora s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku, uz pregled javnih upravljačkih odnosa koji u njemu trenutno postoje. Pritom se uvažava diverzifikacija javnog sektora na opću državu (javnu upravu) i javna (društvena) poduzeća. Svaka razina javnog sektora ima svoje podrazine djelovanja u različitim vidovima djelatnosti sa specifičnim ciljevima i zahtjevima, što pred javni menadžment postavlja uvjet uske specijaliziranosti, multidisciplinarnosti i interaktivnosti s različitim subjektima poslovnog okruženja. Rezultati istraživanja očituju se u predlaganju razvojnog modela menadžmenta s ciljem povećanja reagibilnosti javnog sektora na promjene u suvremenom društvenom i poslovnom okruženju. Istovremeno se kao glavni zaključak nameće da je razvoj transparentnog javnog menadžmenta preduvjet razvoja javnog sektora koji može uspješno zadovoljavati potrebe i pratiti interese svih njegovih korisnika u 21. stoljeću.
The public sector operating in the modern business environment is exposed to the impacts of global business, social and cultural changes to the same extent as the private sector and is, therefore, equally adjusting to the existing socio-economic requests. The general objective of the public sector is, in alignment with the private sector, to improve society, create predispositions to social growth and development, influence the positive determination of national economies and business entities in order to create new values. With the notion of a ̋public service ̋, the public sector ensures timely engaged, high quality and content realization of citizens' public interests. Therefore, it is necessary to define and develop models of public management that will adapt to changes in the social environment and effectively manage various aspects of the public sector's internal functions. The aim of this paper is to explore modern aspects of the public sector and to determine adequate public management modalities. The research methodology is based on analysis of the public sector structures in the Republic of Croatia, accompanied with a review of current public governance relationships. Respectfully, the public sector is divided into the general government (public administration) and public (social) companies. Each level of the public sector has its own sub-sectors with different activities, specific goals and requirements. This also requires public management to set the conditions for specialization, multidisciplinary approach and interactivity with different subjects from the business environment. Research results indicate the development of a public management model intended to increase public sector responsiveness to contemporary changes in the social and business environment. The main conclusion states that developing transparent public management is a prerequisite for developing an efficient public sector that can successfully meet the needs of all its users in the 21st century.
A shocking murder lays bare fissures running through the
founding myths of the American republic
On an autumn day in 1895, eighteen-year-old Loyd Montgomery shot
his parents and a neighbor in a ...gruesome act that reverberated
beyond the small confines of Montgomery's Oregon farming community.
The dispassionate slaying and Montgomery's consequent hanging
exposed the fault lines of a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing
society and revealed the burdens of pioneer narratives boys of the
time inherited.
In Pioneering Death: The Violence of Boyhood in
Turn-of-the-Century Oregon, Peter Boag examines the Brownsville
parricide as an allegory for the destabilizing transitions within
the rural United States at the end of the nineteenth century. While
pioneer families celebrated and memorialized founders of western
white settler society, their children faced a present and future in
frightening decline. Connecting a fascinating true-crime story with
the broader forces that produced the murders, Boag uncovers how
Loyd's violent acts reflected the brutality of American colonizing
efforts, the anxieties of global capitalism, and the buried traumas
of childhood in the American West.
Why Noncompliance traces the history of noncompliance within the European Union (EU), focusing on which states continuously do or do not follow EU Law, why, and how that affects the governance in the ...EU and beyond. n exploring the EU's long and varied history of noncompliance, Tanja A. Börzel takes a close look at the diverse groups of noncompliant states throughout the EU's existence. Why do states that are vocally critical of the EU have a better record of compliance than those that support the EU? Why has noncompliance been declining since the 1990s, even though the EU was adding member-states and numerous laws? Börzel debunks conventional wisdoms in EU compliance research, showing that noncompliance in the EU is not caused by the new Central and Eastern European member states, nor by the Eurosceptic member states. So why do these states take the brunt of Europe's misplaced ire? Why Noncompliance introduces politicization as an explanatory factor that has been long overlooked in the literature and scholarship surrounding the European Union. Börzel argues that political controversy combined with voting power and administrative capacity, explains why noncompliance with EU law has been declining since the completion of the Single Market, cannot be blamed on the EU's Central and Easter European member states, and is concentrated in areas where EU seeks to protect citizen rights.
Amihay offers a pioneering study of the unique nexus between
literature and photography in the works of Hebrew authors.
Exploring the use of photography-both as a textual element and
through the ...inclusion of actual images- Amihay shows how the
presence of visual elements in a textual work of fiction has a
powerful subversive function. Contemporary Hebrew authors have
turned to photography as a tool to disrupt narratives and give
voice to marginalized sectors in Israel, including women,
immigrants, Mizrahi Israelis, LGBTQ+ individuals, second-generation
Holocaust survivors, and traumatized army veterans. Amihay
discusses standard novels alongside graphic novels, challenging the
dominance of the written word in literature. In addition to
providing a poetic analysis of imagetext pages, Amihay addresses
the social and political issues authors are responding to,
including gender roles, Zionism, the ethnic divide in Israel, and
its Palestinian minority. In exploring these avant-garde novels and
their authors, Amihay elevates their significance and calls for a
more expansive definition of canonical Hebrew literature.
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