We investigate the role of competitive transport markets in shaping the location of economic activity and the pattern of trade. In our model, carriers supply transport services for shipping ...manufactured goods, and freight rates are set to clear transport markets. Each carrier must commit to the maximum capacity for a round-trip and thus faces a logistics problem as there are opportunity costs of returning empty. These costs increase the freight rates charged to firms located in regions that are net exporters of manufactured goods. Since demand for transport services depends on the spatial distribution of economic activity, the concentration of production in one region raises freight rates to serve foreign markets from there, thus working against specialization and the agglomeration of firms. Consequently, a more even spatial distribution of firms and production prevails at equilibrium when freight rates are endogenously determined than when they are assumed to be exogenous as in the literature.
► We model a competitive transport sector in a model of trade and geography. ► We compare the equilibrium spatial allocation of production under exogenous and endogenous freight rates. ► We show that freight rate asymmetries work against the agglomeration of firms in the larger region. ► Freight rate responses to trade imbalances provide a strong dispersion force. ► We prove these results both in the footloose capital and the core–periphery models.
This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic, fiscal, social and political fallout on cities and metropolitan regions. We assess the effect of the pandemic on ...urban economic geography at the intra- and inter-regional geographic scales in the context of four main forces: the social scarring instilled by the pandemic; the lockdown as a forced experiment; the need to secure the urban built environment against future risks; and changes in the urban form and system. At the macrogeographic scale, we argue the pandemic is unlikely to significantly alter the winner-take-all economic geography and spatial inequality of the global city system. At the microgeographic scale, however, we suggest that it may bring about a series of short-term and some longer-running social changes in the structure and morphology of cities, suburbs and metropolitan regions. The durability and extent of these changes will depend on the timeline and length of the pandemic.
This article reconsiders the creative industry's role in Turkey's sustainable development using the cultural economic geography approach. Although this is a well-established approach with ongoing ...popularity in the existing creative industries literature, few studies directly address the role of distinct cultural factors in the sustainable development of emerging countries. Turkey's unique geographical location and relatively younger population has been a primary source of its cultural, historical, social, and economic diversity as well as creativity. Yet, the country faces profound problems in this ecosystem. Arguably, a critical issue is the culture's implicit role in Turkish sustainable development. Moreover, Turkey has been moved away from the realization of 'cultural policies' under the hegemony of neoliberalism. The present study argues that the 'sustainable development' discourse in the dominant political parlance has been failed to be recognized as of cultural policy importance. This is especially true in the inclusion of culture into the development paradigm, and how it can be rediscovered and linked to contemporary socio-economic debates within the creativity and development nexus.
This article intervenes in debates on the illicit in economic geography, notably in the tensions between cultural and political economic approaches. First, it assesses critiques of political economic ...evaluations of the illicit. It then offers a ‘trading zone’, drawing upon both cultural and political economy, and argues that the two economic epistemologies are complementary, not mutually exclusive. The article instates political and ecological missing links in cultural political economy to foster multidimensional analyses of illicit practices in discursive, material and ecological registers. It concludes by discussing the broader implications of a cultural political economy of the illicit for economic geography.
" This book explores the relationship between families, firms, and regions and the extent to which these relationships contribute to regional economic and social development. Although family business ...participation in economic activities has been a common phenomenon since pre-industrial societies, and its importance has evolved throughout time and across spatial contexts, the book suggests that these factors have often been neglected in family business and regional studies. Taking this research gap into account, the book aims to deepen our understanding of the role family firms play in the regional economy. In particular, it explores two seldom studied questions. Firstly, what role do family firms play in regional development? Secondly, how do formal and informal regional contexts shape family firm operations and performance? This book presents a model of ""regional familiness"" and uses themes such as productivity, networks and competitiveness to shed new light on family businesses. Moreover, it evaluates the juxtaposition and cross-fertilisation between family business and regional studies to encourage the cross-fertilisation of ideas, theories, and research methods between the two fields. Bringing together leading experts in entrepreneurship, regional economics and economic geography, this book will be valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers interested in family firms, regional studies and economic geography."
Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health
. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, ...international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting
. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness
; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health
. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but-to our knowledge-no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries
. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.
Research on the integration of the human-environment system has been an important part of Chinese human geography for over a century, constituting the distinctive academic nature of the field. Human ...geography has been established as an interdiscipline of natural science and social science, highlighting the combination of academic inquiry and decision application, and exploring the interaction mechanisms and sustainable development model between the human sphere and natural sphere at different spatial scales. The development of the discipline is in line with the basic concepts advocated by the global research platform “Future Earth”, which has promoted the strong development of human geography in China, and has produced important societal influences. By selecting some of the most influential academic achievements, this paper briefly describes theoretical methods and social contributions to reflect the development process of human geography in the study of integrated human and environment systems in different stages in China. It also demonstrates the influence of the following elements on the adherence of Chinese human geography to the integration of human and environment systems: classical Chinese philosophical thinking on harmony between people and land, western theories of the human-environment relationship, Soviet economic geography research methods, the science of sustainability, the social demands of the construction of contemporary Chinese ecological civilization, ever-improving mathematical models and big data methods for studying enormous and complex systems, and management system reform and special scientific research system and background in China.
Essentially, there are two ways that formal abstract models like those in new economic geography (NEG) can be used for policy analysis. First, formal models can be manipulated to draw out potential ...'policy implications'. Second, given these theoretically derived implications, such models can be used to analyse specific policy questions. In recent years, both approaches have attracted attention in NEG work. This article assesses this 'policy turn' in NEG. It argues that the usefulness of NEG models for policy analysis is constrained by the questionable plausibility and credibility of those models. But at the same time, although proper economic geography can claim to be based much more closely on the observation of real-world phenomena, its methods and explanatory accounts are difficult to use for the sort of counterfactual 'what if' type policy analyses found in NEG. Each version of economic geography has epistemological strengths and weaknesses when it comes to policy analysis.
Abstract
This contribution argues that evolutionary economic geography needs to widen its conceptual apparatus in order to engage with the grand challenges of our times. Instead of understanding ...evolution as a gradual, path-dependent and geographically localized process, the current challenges result from various global political-economic transformations requiring an understanding of evolution as a outcome of variational and transformational change, the incorporation of macro-scale analysis, the augmentation of territorial with relational conceptualizations of space and a focus on historical analysis of political-economic development rather than ahistorical descriptions of regional outcomes of a generalized evolutionary process. We illustrate the potential impact of globalization on the competitive advantage of US metropolitan areas through an analysis of relations of unequal exchange between the USA and the Global South. The estimated value drain constitutes a potential source of revenue for producers in the North that complements the competitive advantages of cities based on superior localized technological performance.
This paper analyses the role of regional context on innovation persistency of firms. Using the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced firms' innovative behaviour from 2002 to 2012, in ...terms of four Schumpeterian types of innovation: product, process, organizational, and marketing. Controlling for an extensive set of firm‐level characteristics, we find that certain regional characteristics matter for innovation persistency of firms. In particular, those firms located in regions with: (i) thicker labour market or (ii) higher extent of knowledge spillover exhibit higher probability of being persistent innovators up to 14 percentage points. Such higher persistency is mostly pronounced for product innovators.
Resumen
Este artículo analiza el papel del contexto regional en la persistencia de la innovación de las empresas. Se utilizó la Encuesta de Innovación Comunitaria en Suecia para dar seguimiento al comportamiento innovador de las empresas desde 2002 hasta 2012, en términos de cuatro tipos de innovación de Schumpeter: producto, proceso, organización y comercialización. Una vez que se controló un amplio conjunto de características a nivel de empresa, se encontró que ciertas características regionales son importantes para la persistencia de la innovación de las empresas. En particular, las empresas ubicadas en regiones con: (i) un mercado laboral más voluminoso o (ii) una mayor amplitud de los spillovers de conocimiento, muestran una mayor probabilidad de ser innovadoras persistentes, hasta 14 puntos porcentuales. Dicha mayor persistencia es pronunciada sobre todo para las empresas innovadoras en tanto a productos.
抄録
本稿では、企業の持続的イノベーションに対する地域コンテクストの役割を分析する。欧州各国で実施されているイノベーション調査(Community Innovation Survey:CIS)のスイスにおける調査結果を利用して、2002年から2012年までの企業のイノベーションの動向を、シュンペーターの理論におけるイノベーションの4つのタイプ、すなわちプロダクト・イノベーション、プロセス・イノベーション、組織イノベーション、マーケティング・イノベーションの観点から追跡する。企業レベルの特徴の拡張データセットを調整すると、地域のある特徴が、企業の持続的イノベーションに関わっていることが分かった。特に、該当の企業は(1)市場厚がある労働市場がある地域、または(2)知識スピルオーバーの効果が高く、持続的イノベーションの企業の確率が、最大で14パーセントポイントと高い地域に立地している。持続性の高いイノベーションは、プロダクト・イノベーションを起こしている企業において特に顕著である。
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