This paper explores how Japan employed language education to justify Japanese imperial surveillance practices by examining the depiction of policemen and military police officers in Japanese language ...textbooks used by Korean primary students during the colonial period under Japanese rule. The analysis of the Japanese language textbooks used during this period uncovered the colonial educational goals and ideologies presented to Korean students, the ideal colonial citizens desired by the ruling system, and colonial aims furthered. This study investigates the ideologies presented in the textbooks using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Visual Image Analysis (VIA) by analyzing eight textbooks that were used in Japan and Korea. Both images and texts relating to Japanese government officials in the textbooks for Koreans from the colonial era are analyzed. The study reveals that the textbooks positioned Korean students to accept and integrate Japanese ideologies and attempted to indoctrinate Koreans into believing that the Japanese government officials were kind and cooperative, while also maximizing their authority over the colonized in their portrayal. The portrayal of government officials in the textbooks further reinforced this by showing the colonized having to display good behavior to authority figures, while not conveying any negative images of the government officials.
Introduction: Medical universities have the important task of educating professional human resources. Familiarizing students with the university environment seems to be necessary to achieve a basic ...level of attitude and skills. Students entering the clinical externship course face difficulties such asunfamiliarity with hospital environment. Therefore, the student committee of Educational Development Center of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Yazd Standing Committee Of Medical Education (SCOME, IMSA- Yazd) designed and performed the study "We and Externship " to make externs be familiar with the clinical environment. Methods: The workshops took place in Shahid Sadoughi of Yazd hospital, in January 2014 and 2015. 4 interns (6th and 7th year medical students) explained the specifiedtopics . At the beginning and the end of the session, pretest and posttest were distributed among the participants. The satisfaction level was assessed at the end of the session. Results: 65 (72.2%) out of 90 participants answered the questionnaires. The mean scores of pretest and posttest were 8.29± 3.28 and 15.59± 3.53, respectively. The presented topics resolved the educational need of 49 (73.3%) students. 31 students (47.7%) felt prepared to enter externship course after this workshop. 61 students (93.8%) said their information about this course has increased and for 57 students (88.7%) the topics of workshops were practical. Conclusion: Familiarizing externs to the hospital environment and the rules of each wards in the hospital before the clinical course is necessary and it is suggested to put this externship course in the curriculum and the topics are taught by interns.
The relevance of the research problem is reasoned by the need to develop conceptual approaches and technologies for designing educational curricula based on current and prospective order for ...specialists’ training from educational services’ consumers – regional entities of the labor market. The goal of the article lies in justification of the concepts and techniques of educational curricula designing that are based on joint activities of the University and employers to determine the needs in employees for the regional labor market; to formulate requirements on the basis of professional standards to the qualification characteristics of graduates; to develop the content of the basic professional educational curricula. Leading research methods for this problem were: pedagogical modeling and design, study of the universities’ experience, questionnaires, pedagogical experiment, as well as methods of mathematical statistics, which allowed completely, explore the effectiveness of educational curricula design and carry out their correction taking into account the requirements of the regional labor market. The article reveals the concept and technology of educational curricula designing, including pre-project analysis; definition of design idea and construction of the curriculum concept; development of the content and main components of the curriculum and its testing; assessment of the design effectiveness. The role of the regional labor market’s entities at different stages of high educational curriculum development is justified. The materials of the article can be useful for the universities’ development of the basic professional educational curricula, the basic and optional parts’ content of educational curricula; at curricula and projects’ development in the sphere of professional education.
Abstract Introduction Routine screening of adolescents for depression and suicide risk is now considered best clinical practice. However, due to a lack of training, many physicians do not engage in ...screening. The goal of this curriculum is to improve learner knowledge of and comfort in adolescent depression and suicide risk assessment and management. Methods The didactic session typically takes 60–90 minutes to complete. In addition to a teaching PowerPoint that provides instruction in both the assessment and management of adolescent depression and suicide risk, the curriculum also includes a suicide assessment and management protocol. This protocol outlines an algorithm that assists in distinguishing between individuals at high and low risk of suicide. The algorithm enables clinicians to determine the most appropriate management plan based on the assessed level of suicide risk. Results Outcome measures indicate that the majority of residents improved their self-perceived knowledge and comfort in assessing and managing depression and suicide risk, with an average of 61.7% of residents moving from the novice to the proficient group at the conclusion of the rotation. These results reflect learners obtaining 4 weeks of supervised clinical experience after the didactic session. Discussion This curriculum was designed for use with pediatric and internal medicine–pediatric residents during their adolescent medicine rotation but could easily be adapted for use with other learners in different settings.
Primary objective is to determine the rate of intubation with inappropriately sized endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in El Salvador. Secondary objective is to ...determine effectiveness of a video-based curriculum to teach local providers on pediatric advanced airway management and surgical approach to patients requiring airway reconstruction.
Data for 296 intubated pediatric patients was collected over a six month period in a 16-bed PICU in El Salvador. Results of a learning behavior assessment survey completed by local healthcare workers informed a curriculum to complement on-site education during annual surgical airway mission trips. The video-based curriculum addressed proper sizing and use of cuffed endotracheal tubes, care of the intubated child and perioperative considerations of the surgical airway patient. Providers completed pre and post-curriculum quizzes to measure knowledge acquisition.
Over 6-months, 281 patients were intubated. Sixty-three percent had improperly sized ETTs. Thirty-one percent had a failed or accidental extubation. All-cause mortality was 24%. One hundred and fifty-nine Salvadorian providers completed a learning behavior survey informing a video-based curriculum. Sixty-four providers completed the curriculum. Post-curriculum quiz scores increased by 18.7%. Surgeons, anesthesiologist, intensivists and speech pathologists demonstrated significant improvement (p < 0.05).
Nearly two-thirds of intubated patients in a PICU in El Salvador have improperly sized ETTs and one-third require reintubation following planned or accidental extubation. The development of this first of its kind video-based curriculum for critical care and surgical training regarding how to properly care for the intubated child is coupled with the development of a longitudinal database to record pediatric airway related morbidity and mortality in the largest pediatric hospital in El Salvador. This model and system can be used to track the reduction in airway related morbidity and mortality directly related to a systems based intervention both in El Salvador and then elsewhere.
To ensure public trust in health professions, it is imperative for health professionals to understand the concept of conflict of interest (COI) in health professions education and manage it ...appropriately. However, there are not enough formal curricula on COI in health professions education in Japan. We propose an educational curriculum on COI in health professions education which focuses on relationship between physicians and for-profit corporations. We hope that this proposed curriculum stimulates educational activities on the ground while taking context into account. We also hope the proposed curriculum leads to the formal incorporation of COI in health professions education and educational policies nationwide.
All health-care providers who care for infants and children should be able to effectively provide ventilation with a bag and a mask. Respiratory therapists (RTs'), as part of rapid response teams, ...need to quickly identify the need for airway support and use adjunct airway interventions when subjects are difficult to mask ventilate. Before implementation of an educational curriculum for airway management, we assessed whether pediatric RTs' who enter the room of a simulated infant mannequin in severe respiratory distress are able to apply bag-mask ventilation within 60 s and implement 2 adjunct airway maneuvers in a patient who is difficult to ventilate.
All pediatric RTs' were required to attend one high-fidelity simulation at the Johns Hopkins Medicine Simulation Center. The sessions were reviewed to evaluate whether the therapists would implement adjunct maneuvers to a patient who was in respiratory distress and was difficult to ventilate.
Twenty-eight therapists participated in the baseline skills assessment session, and 26 (72% of eligible therapists) were evaluable with video clips. Only 3 of 26 (12%) attempted bag-mask ventilation within 60 s. Although all the therapists attempted one airway maneuver, only 65% were able to implement ≥2 airway maneuvers and achieve effective ventilation, with a wide range of time (98-298 s). There was no pattern regarding which intervention was implemented first, second, and so forth.
Our team of pediatric RTs' did not share a standard mental model for initiating bag-mask ventilation during impending respiratory failure or implementing airway adjuncts. This may place children who are critically ill at risk of suboptimal management and threaten clinical outcomes. Therapist performance indicated that no established care algorithm had been effectively implemented or that skill retention was poor. A change in the content and delivery method of bag-mask ventilation training is warranted to improve the time to performance of key interventions and to establish a clear cognitive framework of difficult mask ventilation management.
Healthcare increasingly is moving from volume- to value-based care, with an emphasis on linking a larger percentage of payments to the quality of care provided. There is a renewed interest in ...designing a focused, strategic approach to quality and safety education and engagement of trainees in hospital-wide quality, safety, and patient experience initiatives.
Hospitals, trainees, and patients benefit as a result of engaging frontline learners in these activities. Hospitals can leverage the intelligence from the front line to contribute to improved hospital safety, increased employee and patient engagement, and better identification of vulnerable areas of safety risks.
Trainees benefit from increased engagement by acquiring fundamentals in quality and safety; are able to satisfy Clinical Learning Environment Review recommendations; have an opportunity to practice a number of skill sets (leadership, communication, collaboration); and complete quality and safety hands-on projects. Patients benefit from a more engaged work force, safer environment for their healthcare, and an improved overall experience.
In this article, the current state of the Johns Hopkins Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine’s efforts to engage its front line in quality, safety, and patient experience initiatives that are in evolutionary phases of implementation is presented. Evolutionary concepts relate to the Johns Hopkins Health System and the aim of its training program to continuously improve and innovate.
The present review sought to examine contemporary applied behavior analytic (ABA)-based assessment and curriculum protocols for teaching language skills to children with autism and evaluate the ...evidence supporting their reliability, validity, and effectiveness. Results of the literature search revealed the existence of 18 ABA educational assessments and curriculum protocols. Of the 18 protocols reviewed, only four had data supporting the reliability and validity of the assessment tools that are used to identify skills for treatment, and just four protocols had data supporting the effectiveness of their corresponding training curricula. Several protocols have failed to generate data supporting their utility as behavior analytic tools for use with individuals with autism or other intellectual disabilities, although a few have generated meaningful data and may therefore confer a technological and applied benefit to the field of ABA.
This paper focuses on how self-regulated learning strategies can provide opportunities for students with learning difficulties to express their ideas and reflect on their learning progress. A ...qualitative, multiple-method research design was used for this participatory action research in a special school in Hong Kong. Data were collected for an academic year in a Form 5 (Year 12 in the UK) class setting. The ‘C. Ind. Le Coding Scheme’ from Whitebread et al. (2009) was used in the data analysis, providing an indicator of verbal and non-verbal self-regulation. My study indicates that the teachers’ guidance and feedback could foster the students’ expressive capability. The students actively shared their ideas, and appreciated everyone’s uniqueness in their school learning. This paper offers examples of how to implement self-regulated learning strategies at subject teaching (teacher-level) and learning (student-level), this promotes and supports the voices of students with learning difficulties in a special educational context.
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