Jeffrey D. Sachs turns to world history to shed light on how we can meet the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century. He takes readers through a series of seven distinct waves of ...technological and institutional change, starting with early modern humans and ending with reflections on today's globalization.
This paper provides an analysis of the practical implications of the concept of solidarity economy and the elements of public policies that affect the solidarity economy in Croatia. In a broader ...sense, solidarity is a common component of economic behaviour. In a narrower sense, solidarity refers to a set of economic practices that meet the criteria of balancing economic, social and environmental sustainability, joint ownership and participatory governance. Solidarity economy supports the construction and maintenance of common economic goods, which may occur within legal entities, as well as in contractual relations or informal cooperation. Solidarity economy is close to the concept of social economy, and significantly different from collaborative (sharing) economy. Public policies that encourage solidarity-based economic practices have their origins in the welfare state regime and the level of solidarity in society, which is followed by ideologies, strategies and activities of political and economic actors. The social contributions of the solidarity economy and the risks to which it is exposed justify state intervention in this area, which can be reflected in regulation and institutional, financial and tax support to its actors and processes. Public policies in Croatia generally do not recognise the importance of the social and solidarity economy and its actors, such as cooperatives and social enterprises. Although the recognition of possible contributions of the social and solidarity economy to society and the economy in Croatia is growing, the incentive framework is incomplete and insufficient, which is reflected in the results and future prospects of this sector. Key words: solidarity, solidarity economy, public policy, cooperatives, social enterprises.
In his intriguingly titled book – Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before, Michael Fried raises important questions about the role of photography and its relationship with the viewer. The ...philosophy and its “problems,” theatricality, literariness, the position of the object (i.e. the objectivity of photography) as well as that of the subject, were already discussed during the late 1960s, when the medium was often placed on the border between art and technical skills, especially in the local context. Conscious of the weight of the statement given by Roland Barthes in Camera Lucida that “photographs … are looked at when one is alone,” this thematic issue is aimed at expanding the boundaries within which photography is thought and discussed, examining the circumstances that determined the limits of representation as well as criticism of representation, its “ghettoization” as well as numerous conflicts that it brought about (and not only depicted). A beam of light is not reflected off the subject in only one direction; the ray returns to the photograph, symbolizing the relationship analyzed in numerous relevant studies. These studies will continue to harbor doubts about the status of photography as art, and not just a mechanical reflection of reality, which is too complex a topic for one editorial.
Razvoj digitalnih valuta središnjih banaka postavio je pitanje poslovnog modela koji će se koristiti za njihovu primjenu u financijskom sustavu. Nameću se tri poslovna modela koja se razmatraju te se ...traži upravo onaj koji će se najbolje uklopiti u financijski sustav i omogućiti optimalno upravljanje monetarnom ekonomijom. Uloga financijskih institucija i poslovnih banaka varira ovisno o poslovnom modelu. Svaki model, direktni, indirektni ili hibridni, ima svoje specifičnosti. Središnje banke provodile su istraživanja i analize navedenih modela kako bi pronašle upravo onaj koji će ostvariti maksimalan potencijal. Provedene analize pokazuju kako središnje banke naginju hibridnom modelu, koji objedinjuje prednosti direktnog i indirektnog modela. Kroz hibridni model ne narušava se financijska stabilnost, financijske institucije imaju svoju ulogu, dok je upravljanje monetarnom politikom učinkovitije u odnosu na preostale modele.
Temeljni cilj ovog rada istražiti je pokazuje li scena solidarnosti u Splitu neka
od temeljnih obilježja koncepta solidarne ekonomije. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćeni
ključni akteri scene solidarnosti u ...Splitu, tj. korišten je namjeran uzorak kombiniran s
metodom snježne kugle, koji čini 21 nosilac upravljačkih pozicija iz devet organizacija
različitih pravno-organizacijskih oblika (npr. udruge, zadruge, politička inicijative,
tvrtke). Provedeni su polustrukturirani intervjui, a dobivena analitička građa obrađena
je metodom tematske analize u kompjuterskom programu za obradu kvalitativnih
podataka (Atlas ti.). Analizom se iskristaliziralo šest tema kroz koje ispitanici opisuju
svoje djelovanje u području solidarnosti te stavove o vlastitom društvenom doprinosu
i konceptu solidarne ekonomije. Teme obuhvaćaju: područje rada, definicije solidarne
ekonomije, način rada organizacije, strukturu donošenja odluka, zagovaranje javnih
politika i društveni doprinos. Utvrđeno je kako neki od nezaobilaznih elemenata scene
solidarnosti u Splitu odgovaraju nekim od temeljnih obilježja solidarne ekonomije
te kako se ključni akteri u tom području teško identificiraju s konceptom solidarne
ekonomije.
Papa Franjo 2015. godine izdao je encikliku
Laudato si’ – O brizi za zajednički dom
koja je pobudila veliko zanimanje među vjernicima Katoličke Crkve i u akademskoj zajednici. Kako bi se enciklika ...mogla što bolje razumjeti, u radu se opisuju njezina tri glavna obilježja: dijalog razuma i vjere, sveopće zajedništvo te nerazdvojiva povezanost ekonomije, ekologije i siromaštva. Prvo obilježje enciklike tiče se suradnje s eminentnim znanstvenicima koja je rezultirala tekstom prvoga poglavlja enciklike. Drugo obilježje odnosi se na povezanost svih stvorenja na svijetu koja proizlazi iz Božjega čina stvaranja, a treće na nerazdvojivu povezanost ekonomije, ekologije i siromaštva. Sva su tri obilježja enciklike u funkciji promicanja cjelovite ekologije kao jedine alternative dominantnoj paradigmi tržišne ekonomije i odnosu prema okolišu.
In 2015, Pope Francis released his encyclical letter
Laudato si’ – On Care for Our Common Home
, which aroused great interest among the faithful of the Catholic Church and in the academic community. To understand the encyclical better, this article outlines its three main characteristics: the dialogue between faith and reason, the universal communion, and the inseparable connection between economics, ecology, and poverty. The first characteristic concerns the cooperation with eminent scientists which resulted in the text of the first chapter of the encyclical. The second characteristic refers to the connection between all creatures in the world that proceeds from God’s act of creation, and the third refers to the inseparable interconnectedness of economy, ecology, and poverty. All three characteristics of the encyclical are in the function of promoting the comprehensive ecology as the only alternative to the dominant paradigm of market economy and attitude towards the environment.
Sveopća digitalizacija i tehnološki napredak pogodovali su jačanju tehnoloških divova (Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google i Microsoft) i akumulaciji profita na čemu se temelji današnja digitalna javna ...sfera. U obilju raznih platformi osobito je zanimljiv fenomen društvenih mreža. Dok društvene mreže korisnika čine „kraljemˮ u kreaciji vlastitoga virtualnog sadržaja i potiču kulturu dijeljenja, istovremeno ga lišavaju potpune kontrole nad svojim podacima koji se uglavnom iskorištavaju u komercijalne svrhe. Ovaj rad problematizira dva teorijska koncepta za razumijevanje odnosa moći vlasnika društvenih mreža i njihovih korisnika. Prvi je pojam nadzora kao sve važnijeg čimbenika u političkoj ekonomiji komunikacije. Drugi je lakanovski pojam žudnje za priznavanjem/prepoznavanjem jedinstvenosti kojim se ukazuje na izvor onoga što nas kao korisnike sprečava, ili nam bar djelomično onemogućava, da ono „nevidljivo" – upravljanje „velikim podacima" (big data) i nadzor nad profilima korisnika – povežemo s pitanjima političke ekonomije. U ovom radu, koncipiranom na temelju dvosmjerne komunikacije između vlasnika i korisnika društvenih mreža, nastojimo pokazati da stare teorije ne zastarijevaju u novom vidu odnosa tehnologije, komunikacije, politike i ekonomije.
Globalization, surely one of the most used and abused buzzwords of recent decades, describes a phenomenon that is typically considered to be a neutral and inevitable expansion of market forces across ...the planet. Nearly all economists, politicians, business leaders, and mainstream journalists view globalization as the natural result of economic development, and a beneficial one at that. But, as noted economist Martin Hart-Landsberg argues, this perception does not match the reality of globalization. The rise of transnational corporations and their global production chains was the result of intentional and political acts, decisions made at the highest levels of power. Their aim - to increase profits by seeking the cheapest sources of labor and raw materials - was facilitated through policy-making at the national and international levels, and was largely successful. But workers in every nation have paid the costs, in the form of increased inequality and poverty, the destruction of social welfare provisions and labor unions, and an erratic global economy prone to bubbles, busts, and crises. This book examines the historical record of globalization and restores agency to the capitalists, policy-makers, and politicians who worked to craft a regime of world-wide exploitation. It demolishes their neoliberal ideology - already on shaky ground after the 2008 financial crisis - and picks apart the record of trade agreements like NAFTA and institutions like the WTO. But, crucially, Hart- Landsberg also discusses alternatives to capitalist globalization, looking to examples such as South America's Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) for clues on how to build an international economy based on solidarity, social development, and shared prosperity.
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