This research argues that implementing the electronic voting (e-voting) system in Indonesia is urged following the nation's first-ever 2019 simultaneous elections, which cost a deadly price of 527 ...election official lives of reported extreme fatigue during and after the event. Billed as "the world's most complex election", it has reached a consensus that the current manual election system, in which five different paper-based elections are voted at a time, has to be changed. Not to mention that the long-time gap between the voting day and the result announcement may create an opportunity for election fraud. This is evidenced by loads of electoral dispute lawsuits from the previous election brought to the Constitutional Court of Indonesia accused the others of cheating. This research stresses that despite the controversies of whether Indonesia, an archipelagic country with more than 17 thousand islands and 267 million people, is ready for e-voting. Whether the application of technology is an appropriate response to the election problems? E-voting is desired as a long-term solution and intends to solve many issues such as speeding the counting of ballots, reducing the cost of elections, providing accessibility for disabled voters, and increasing overall voter turnout.
Social networks are generally regarded as channels through which parliamentarians establish direct contact with the public. However, do they engage in these activities personally or rather delegate ...them to their parliamentary assistants? This study examines the intermediary relationship between parliamentarians and the public (henceforth PAs)—seeking to understand their role in contemporary, political communications. While numerous studies have looked at types of parliamentarian contact with the public, PAs have received little scholarly attention. Adopting a comparative perspective, this study will suggest a theoretical model of the MP/PA social media work relationship, creating a new questionnaire for PAs in the US House of Representatives, German Bundestag, and Israeli Knesset, exploring whether level of parliamentarians’ involvement in social networking is influenced by working within different electoral systems: representatives elected directly (the United States), mixed (Germany), and indirectly (Israel). The study investigates the level of parliamentarians’ engagement with social media communication according to a four-category model.
Zusammenfassung
Trotz formaler Gleichstellung sind Frauen im Deutschen Bundestag immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass institutionelle Faktoren entscheidend zur ...strukturellen Diskriminierung von Frauen in der Politik beitragen. Vor allem Mehrheitswahlsysteme und im rechten Parteispektrum verortete Parteien führen weltweit und auch in Deutschland zu niedrigen Frauenanteilen in den Parlamenten. Vor dem Hintergrund der anstehenden Wahlrechtsreform des Bundestags – deren Auftrag es auch ist, eine „… gleichberechtigte Repräsentanz von Frauen und Männern auf den Kandidatenlisten und im Bundestag zu erreichen“ – untersucht der Artikel, welche strukturellen Faktoren die Wahlchancen von Frauen bei Bundestagswahlen beeinflusst haben. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Auswirkungen des Wahlsystems und der ideologischen Ausrichtung der Parteien gelegt. Der verwendete Datensatz umfasst Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten bei Bundestagswahlen von 1953–2017. Damit ermöglicht er Analysen auf Individualebene, die auch die Untersuchung der Nominierungsqualität berücksichtigen, also der individuellen Erfolgschancen einer Kandidatur. Die Ergebnisse des Papiers zeigen, dass der Mechanismus des Mehrheitswahlrechts, aber auch die Qualität der Nominierung und die Parteizugehörigkeit die Wahlchancen von Frauen beeinflussen und somit Stellschrauben sind, um den Frauenanteil im Bundestag langfristig zu erhöhen.
By adopting a multilevel system perspective, we derive three insights from the analyses on regional elections presented in this third annual review of regional elections. First, we argue that Poland, ...South Korea and the USA can be conceived as aggregated bipolar party systems where competition at the nationwide level revolves around two parties whereas single parties dominate in the regions. Second, drawing on the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Kenya, and Nigeria, we claim that the integration of multilevel party systems (also) depends on the extent of collaboration between parties from the national and regional electoral arenas. Third, significant vote-switching revealed by election surveys held in Denmark and Sweden poses a significant challenge for theories on regional voting. We conclude by considering the wider implications of these three insights for multilevel democracy.
PurposeThis study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral mechanism of local education superintendents in South Korea, draws conclusions and makes suggestions for future ...reforms.Design/methodology/approachThe research method of this study included document analysis and interviews. Document analysis was used to collect and analyze the relevant official documents of education superintendents across countries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four professors and two superintendents.FindingsThe results of the interviews indicate the following: 1) Korean stakeholders are getting more familiar with the direct election of superintendents, as the interviews indicate a more mature direct election system due to previous experience and public officials taking direct election into account; 2) The direct election of superintendents has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include increasing the participation of the general public in education, and the disadvantages include conflict between the central government and local superintendents belonging to different political parties. However, the current system is likely to be retained; 3) The superintendent systems in various countries differ due to their respective traditions and social contexts. However, the authors can always learn lessons and implications from foreign countries if the authors compare their education systems with their foreign counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsAs far research limitations, although this was a small study, it shows the importance of collecting multiple stakeholders' views on the direct election of education superintendents as a basis for future reform of education management.Practical implicationsThe Korean system for electing superintendents provides a good model for other countries reflecting on the educational autonomy and accountabilities of their own systems.Social implicationsThe direct election of superintendents provides an example of professionalism, independence and political neutrality in education that other countries can learn from. The separation of general and educational administration in Korea through direct elections protects educational activities from political influence.Originality/valueIn terms of originality/value, this study adds a new perspective to the debate about whether the general public should directly elect education superintendents, as well as to the literature on local education management.
The Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad equation allows us to model the process of decision making in US elections. The crucial point we attempt to make is that the voter’s mental state can be ...represented as a superposition of two possible choices for either republicans or democrats. However, reality dictates a more complicated situation: typically a voter participates in two elections, i.e. the congress and the presidential elections. In both elections the voter has to decide between two choices. This very feature of the US election system requires that the mental state is represented by a 2-qubit state corresponding to the superposition of 4 different choices. The main issue is to describe the dynamics of the voters’ mental states taking into account the mental and political environment. What is novel in this paper is that we apply the theory of open quantum systems to social science. The quantum master equation describes the resolution of uncertainty (represented in the form of superposition) to a definite choice.
대한체육회 회장선거제도 개편의 쟁점 및 과제 박상현; Park Sang-hyun
한국체육학회지,
07/2020, Letnik:
59, Številka:
4
Journal Article
본 연구의 목적은 대한체육회 회장선거제도 개편에 관한 쟁점을 도출하고 관련된 상황 및 사실관계 등을 진단, 향후 해소가 필요한 정책 과제를 제시하는데 두었다. 연구결과는 쟁점 분석, 진단 및 논의, 정책 과제 등 크게 세 부분으로 구분하여 도출하였다. 쟁점 분석에서는 법적근거, 업무공백, 선거의 공정성 등 세 가지 측면에서 스포츠포럼 실천, ...스포츠문화연구소, 체육시민연대와 대한체육회 양측의 주장이 대립하고 있다는 것을 도출할 수 있었다. 진단 및 논의에서는 세 가지 쟁점사항별로 상황 및 사실관계 등을 파악하였고 세 가지의 쟁점사항 중 법적근거를 제외하고 업무공백, 선거의 공정성에 있어서는 이론의 소지가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 정책 과제에서는 최근 대한체육회에서 제안한 것과 같이 회장선거제도 개편을 추진하되 관련 제도에 있어서 일부 보완이 필요하다는 결과를 도출하였다. 일부 보완이 필요한 정책 과제로서 업무공백에 따른 불확실성을 해소할 수 있는 대책, 선거의 공정성을 확보할 수 있는 안전장치 그리고 의견수렴 및 소통창구 등의 마련을 제시하였다.
The purpose of this study was to draw up issues related to the reform of the election system for the president of the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee, diagnose the relevant circumstances, facts, etc., and present policy tasks that require future resolution in the future. The results of the study were derived in three main sections: issue analysis, diagnosis and discussion, and policy tasks. In the analysis of the issue, the arguments of both the Sports Forum Practice, the Sports Culture Institute, the Sports Citizens’ Solidarity and the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee were found to be at odds in three aspects: legal grounds, work vacancies, and the fairness of elections. The diagnosis and discussion clearly identified the situation and facts of each of the three issues and confirmed that there was a possibility of theory in terms of work vacuum and election fairness except for legal grounds among the three issues. Finally, the policy task resulted in the reform of the presidential election system, as recently proposed by the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee, but needed some supplementation in the related system. It is also necessary to prepare measures to resolve uncertainties caused by work gaps and to secure safety measures to ensure fairness in elections, and to collect opinions and communicate with each other.
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