Photo shows: Al Shwimmer.
The information about the photograph was provided by the creator of the collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
File Record
Photo shows: Al Shwimmer.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר ...על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
Photo shows: Al Shwimmer.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
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President Alberto Fujimori created the Peruvian social Fund (FONCODES) in 1991 with the stated objectives of generating employment, helping to alleviate poverty, and improving access to social ...services. The author uses province-level data on monthly expenditures, socio-economic indicators, and electoral outcomes to analyze political influences on the timing and geographic distribution of FONCODES expenditures between 1991 and 1995. He finds that: 1) FONCODES expenditures increased significantly before elections. 2) FONCODES projects were directed at poor provinces, as well as provinces in which the marginal political impact of expenditures was likely to be greatest. The results are robust to many specifications and controls. The Peruvian data thus support predictions made in the literature on political business cycle as well the literature on political influences on the allocation of discretionary funds.
Defining vigilance as retrospective voting - where voters evaluate incumbents on their performance during their entire term in office - the author compares voter behavior in local and national ...elections to make inferences about whether voters are more vigilant in monitoring government at the local level. Using data from 14 major states in India over the period 1960-92, she contrasts voters'behavior in state legislative assembly elections with their behavior in national legislative elections. In state assembly elections voter reward incumbents for local income growth, and punish them for a rise in inequality, over their entire term in office. But in national elections voters behave myopically, rewarding growth in national income and a fall in inflation and inequality only in the year preceding the election. The evidence is consistent with greater voter vigilance and government accountability in local than in national elections.
The general reluctance of the majority to delay, what is now regarded as inevitable, the change to a more democratic and representative system is understandable. Vast of the members of the plenum ...only hold their seats because the Israeli electoral system is arranged on a party list system. It is the reason why there are so many small parties and factions making up the 120 seat assembly. The present system, although technically democratic, does not give true voice to the electarate's views and this at present can be seen in the constant 'war' between the religious and non¬religious factions. The Movement for Electoral Change is trying very hard to push for new legislation that will make the electoral system more democratic and representative. Today they sent a lorry into Jerusalem to deliver 650,000 supporting signatures. The signatures were packed in garbage bags to emphasis the fact that the government treats the electoral reform movement as garbage. Photo shows: the lorry full of garbage bags carrying the 650,000 signatures on its way to the Prime Minister's office.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
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Photo shows: Yosef Amrani of Haaretz.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
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Photo shows: Yosef Amrani of Haaretz.
The information about the photograph was provided by the ...creator of the collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
File Record
Photo shows: Yosef Amrani of Haaretz.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
The information about the photograph was provided by the creator of the collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
File Record
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר ...על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
File Record
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
File Record
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
The information about the photograph was provided by the creator of the ...collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
File Record
Photo shows: Josef Barel.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
The author studies the effect of state legislative assembly elections, on the policies of state governments in 14 major states of India, from 1960 to 1996. She identifies the effect of the timing of ...elections using an instrument for the electoral cycle that distinguishes between constitutionally scheduled elections, and midterm polls. She contrasts two levers of policy manipulation - fiscal policy and public service delivery - to distinguish between alternative models of political cycles. The predictions of three models are tested: 1) Populist cycles to woo uninformed and myopic voters. 2) Signaling models with asymmetric information. 3) A moral hazard model with high discounting by political agents. The empirical results for fiscal policy show that election years have a negative effect on some commodity taxes, a positive effect on investment spending, but no effect on deficits, primarily because consumption spending is reduced. With regard to public service delivery, elections have a positive and large effect on road construction by state public works departments. Strikingly, the fiscal effects are much smaller than the effect on roads. The author argues that the pattern of evidence is inconsistent with the predictions of models of voter myopia, and asymmetric information. She explores an alternative moral hazard model in which the cycle is generated by high political discounting, and career concerns persuade politicians to exert greater effort in election years on the management of public works.
Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
The information about the photograph was provided by the creator of the collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
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Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר ...על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
File Record
Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
File Record
Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
The information about the photograph was provided by the creator of the ...collection, Mr. Dan Hadani
File Record
Photo shows: Uri Ben Ari.
File Record
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
