An online voting system for Indian election is proposed for the first time in this paper. The proposed model has a greater security in the sense that voter high security password is confirmed before ...the vote is accepted in the main database of Election Commission of India. The additional feature of the model is that the voter can confirm if his/her vote has gone to correct candidate/party. In this model a person can also vote from outside of his/her allotted constituency or from his/her preferred location. In the proposed system the tallying of the votes will be done automatically, thus saving a huge time and enabling Election Commissioner of India to announce the result within a very short period.
본 연구의 목적은 재외선거 참여제도의 실효성을 도출하는데 있다. 그 동안 나라밖에 있다는 이유로 국민의 기본권인 참정권을 행사하지 못했던 재외국민들은 2009년 헌법재판소의「공직선거법」헌법불합치 결정에 따라 재외선거제도가 도입되어 2012년 헌정사상 처음으로 제19대 국회의원선거와 제18대 대통령선거에 선거권을 행사하였다. 재외선거제도의 입법정책은 국회가 ...아닌 사법부 판단에 의하여 결정되었으며, 입법화과정에서도 외국의 각기 다른 환경에서 실시되는 재외선거의 공정성에 대한 우려와 선거결과의 불확실성 등으로 인하여 재외국민의 투표참여 편익성 보다는 선거의 공정성에 중점을 두고 법제화되었다. 양대 재외선거 결과 제19대 국회의원 재외선거의 투표율은 추정선거인 수 대비 2.53%로 나타났고, 제18대 대통령 재외선거의 투표율은 7.08%로 나타났다. 이러한 투표율은 한국 국민의 정치에 대한 높은 관심도와 재외국민의 강한 모국지향성을 감안해 볼 때 분명 낮은 투표율이다. 제19대 국회의원 재외선거 종료 후 고비용의 선거비용 지출과 낮은 투표율에 실망하여 재외선거 무용론이 제기되기도 하였지만, 재외선거는 국제화시대에 세계각지에 흩어져 있는 재외국민의 의사를 결집시키고 국민화합과 국가정치발전에 매우 중요한 기능을 하고 있는 것이므로 비용편익만으로 평가되어서는 안 될 것이다. 향후 재외선거가 보다 발전적이고 안정적으로 정착되기 위해서는 선거의 자유와 공정이 조화를 이뤄야 하고 공정성을 이유로 투표의향이 있는 재외국민이 제도의 불편함으로 인하여 투표에 참여하지 못하는 일이 있어서는 안 될 것이다. 본 연구는 2012년 양대 재외선거의 투표참여율이 당초예상에 못 미쳤던 이유를 재외선거제도의 불편함에 기인하였다는 가설을 설정하고 이에 대한 검증을 위하여 2012년 실시한 제19대 국회의원 재외선거와 제18대 대통령 재외선거 결과를 신제도주의적 관점에서 분석·평가하여 향후 재외선거가 안정적으로 정착될수 있는 실효적 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.
This study aims to deduce effectiveness of the participation system in overseas election. Korean citizens residing foreign countries who could not exercise their political rights, the fundamental right of a citizen, only because they are out of country until 2009 when overseas voting was initiated in accordance with the Constitutional Court``s "Unconformable to「Public Official Election Act」Constitution" decision. In 2012, they exercised their right to vote for the 19th election of members of the National Assembly and the 18th presidential election, for the first time in the constitutional history. Legislation of overseas voting was decision of the judicature, not the National Assembly``s. The new law was enacted, considering concerns of the fairness of the first overseas voting and the uncertainty of election result in the different environment of each country, based on the fairness of election rather than the convenience of overseas Koreans`` voting. As the result of the two major elections, the voting rate of the 19th overseas election of members of the National Assembly turned out to be 2.53% of presumed number of voters while that of the 18th overseas presidential election was 7.08%. Such rates are obviously low, considering keen interest of Korean citizens in politics and strong homeland-orientation of overseas Korean. Even though there had been arguments brought up against overseas voting due to high cost election expense and low voting rate after the 19th overseas election of members of the National Assembly, overseas voting is very crucial to national harmony and the development of national politics, gathering together the minds of Korean citizens scattered all over the world. That``s why benefit-cost analysis cannot be the only element to evaluate the election. For further overseas election to settle more progressively and stably, freedom and justice of election shall make the harmony. In addition, inconvenience of overseas voting system due to alleged justice must not block overseas Koreans with voting intention from further election. This study sets hypothesis that the reason for the 2012 two overseas election not reaching the expected participation rate is inconvenient Voting System from Abroad. To verify mentioned hypothesis, both the 2012 the 19th overseas election of members of the National Assembly and the 18th presidential overseas election outcomes are analyzed and evaluated from new-institutionalism perspective; from the results an effective improvement plan to stably settle the future overseas election is being proposed.
This study investigated the experiences encountered in terms of concerns, advantages, weaknesses, and issues that had arisen in the implementation of a LAN-based election system at the University of ...the East. The advantages of using the software were derived from these concerns. Though the software was tested before the implementation, it was found out that the software had minor lapses in terms of platform compatibility, deployment, user interface design, logical voter's status, backup, security, and presentation of results. As a consequence, issues were raised. These weaknesses served as basis for the development of a web-based election system. Nonetheless, accuracy and transparency of the whole voting process overweighed these issues and the winners were proclaimed. Thus, the implementation of the software was successful. Recommendations and future directions were also offered.
We study the targeting of antipoverty program under fiscal decentralization in developing countries. Local governments become more important after fiscal decentralization, so it needs analyzing their ...incentives and behavior in antipoverty program delivery. In some developing countries, local governments' officials are appointed by central government, but elected by local residents in others. The difference of political systems will affect local governments' incentives and behavior, and further leads to different targeting of antipoverty program. This paper argues that large-scale antipoverty program in appointment system is better-targeting, and vice versa in election system through analyzing. Then it provides some suggestions for developing countries.
본 연구에서는 분권과 혁신의 관점에서 바람직한 교육자치의 방향과 개혁과제를 제시하는 데 목표를 두었다. 이를 위하여 2010년 6월 지방선거 과정에서 제기된 부산지역의 교육정책의제를 검토하고 대안을 제시하였다. 교육 분권의 과제로는 교육감에게 학교장과 부교육감 등에 대한 인사권의 강화와 지방교육재정의 확충을 제시하였으며, 교육혁신의 과제로는 교원평가제와 ...교원승진제도를 중심으로 한 학교장선출보직제, 기초학력진단제 등을 제시하였다. 그리고 이러한 개혁과제를 실현하는 과정에서 무엇보다도 초·중등학교 공교육의 교육목표설정을 위한 사회적 합의의 도출과 혁신과제와 대안의 선택과정에서 학부모들이 선택과 뜻이 존중되어야 함을 주장하였다.
The purpose of this study is to suggest desirable direction and reform subjects of local education autonomy in the aspect of decentralization and reform. For the purpose of these, educational policy subjects of Busan Metropolitan City were examined which are occurred during local election of June, 2010. As the subjects of decentralization, reinforcing power of local education autonomy chief were suggested which is concerned with appointment of school principals and vice chief the autonomy and reinforcing local finance. As the subjects of educational reform, introducing election system of the principals and new evaluation system of the school teachers and etc. For the process of practicing the reform subjects, social consensus of inhabitants and choice of parents of students were emphasized.
Okinawa's Board of Education built a public election system to chose all the Education committees by the referendum. However, when the administration was handed over from America to Japan, the system ...of Board of Education in Okinawa had to adopt the Japanese way of choosing the Education committees. That means it changed from referendum to designation by the mayor. When the system changed, Okinawa suggested the way to reflect citizen's will. It is to nominate few people from various associations for the governor to designate. However, this designation system gradually got outworn and became a formal thing. Now, the system in Okinawa no longer has its originality.
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