Analgesic effect of silymarin in chicks Ahmed Salah Naser; yasser albadrany
Iraqi journal of veterinary sciences,
09/2019, Letnik:
33, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
There were no studies about the analgesic effect of silymarin in the chicken. This study examined antinociceptive effect of silymarin given intraperitonially in 7-9 day-old chicks. The median ...effective dose of silymarin for the induction of analgesia to electric stimulation in the chicks was 65.3 mg/kg. Silymarin at 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg revealed analgesic effect to electric stimulation in chicks in dose dependent manner in comparison with the control group. The analgesic effect of silymarin at 120 and 240 mg/kg started at 15 min after injection and lasted after over 120 min of injection were as silymarin at 60 mg/kg the analgesic effect started at 15 min after injection and declined before 120 min of injection. The peak of analgesic effect for 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg were at 60 min after injection. These results indicate that silymarin have an analgesic property in the chicks model.
The design of an ultrathin, conformal electronic device that integrates electrotactile stimulation with electromyography, temperature, and strain sensing in a single, simple platform is reported. ...Experiments demonstrate simultaneous use of multiple modes of operation of this type of device in the sensorimotor control of robotic systems, in the monitoring of lower back exertion and in muscle stimulation.
Studies on the electrical excitability of retinal neurons show that photoreceptors and other cell types can be selectively activated by distinct stimulation frequencies in vitro. Yet, this principle ...still needs to be validated in humans in vivo. As a first step, this study explored the frequency preferences of human rods by means of transcorneal electrostimulation (TES), using the electrically-elicited pupillary responses (EEPRs) as an objective readout. The stimulation paradigm contained a 1.2 Hz sinusoidal envelope, which was superimposed on variable carrier frequencies (4–30 Hz). These currents were delivered to one of the participant's eyes via a corneal electrode and consensual pupillary reactions were recorded from the contralateral eye. The responsiveness of the retina at each frequency was assessed based on the EEPR dynamics. Differences between healthy participants and patients with retinitis pigmentosa were evaluated to identify the preferred frequency range of rods. The responsiveness of healthy individuals revealed a clear peak around 6–8 Hz. In contrast, the pupillary responses of patients were significantly reduced in the lower frequency range. These findings suggest that the responses in this frequency bin were selectively mediated by rods. This work provides evidence that different retinal cell types can be selectively activated via TES in vivo, and that this effect can be captured noninvasively using EEPRs. This knowledge may be exploited for the diagnostics and therapy of retinal diseases, e.g., to design cell-specific functional tests for the degenerating retina, or to optimize stimulation paradigms which are currently used by retinal prostheses.
•Sinusoidal currents of 4–30 Hz were applied to volunteers via corneal electrodes.•Pupillary responses served as an objective readout for the retinal responsiveness.•Healthy participants displayed elevated responsiveness in the 6–10 Hz range.•Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa showed reduced responses in the 6–10 Hz range.•The difference suggests that rods are tuned to low-frequency stimulation.
Classic models of language organization posited that separate motor and sensory language foci existed in the inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) and superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area), ...respectively, and that connections between these sites (arcuate fasciculus) allowed for auditory-motor interaction. These theories have predominated for more than a century, but advances in neuroimaging and stimulation mapping have provided a more detailed description of the functional neuroanatomy of language. New insights have shaped modern network-based models of speech processing composed of parallel and interconnected streams involving both cortical and subcortical areas. Recent models emphasize processing in "dorsal" and "ventral" pathways, mediating phonological and semantic processing, respectively. Phonological processing occurs along a dorsal pathway, from the posterosuperior temporal to the inferior frontal cortices. On the other hand, semantic information is carried in a ventral pathway that runs from the temporal pole to the basal occipitotemporal cortex, with anterior connections. Functional MRI has poor positive predictive value in determining critical language sites and should only be used as an adjunct for preoperative planning. Cortical and subcortical mapping should be used to define functional resection boundaries in eloquent areas and remains the clinical gold standard. In tracing the historical advancements in our understanding of speech processing, the authors hope to not only provide practicing neurosurgeons with additional information that will aid in surgical planning and prevent postoperative morbidity, but also underscore the fact that neurosurgeons are in a unique position to further advance our understanding of the anatomy and functional organization of language.
Electrostimulation has been recognized as a promising nonpharmacological treatment in orthopedics to promote bone fracture healing. However, clinical applications have been largely limited by the ...complexity of equipment operation and stimulation implementation. Here, we present a self-powered implantable and bioresorbable bone fracture electrostimulation device, which consists of a triboelectric nanogenerator for electricity generation and a pair of dressing electrodes for applying electrostimulations directly toward the fracture. The device can be attached to irregular tissue surfaces and provide biphasic electric pulses in response to nearby body movements. We demonstrated the operation of this device on rats and achieved effective bone fracture healing in as short as 6 wk versus the controls for more than 10 wk to reach the same healing result. The optimized electrical field could activate relevant growth factors to regulate bone microenvironment for promoting bone formation and bone remodeling to accelerate bone regeneration and maturation, with statistically significant 27% and 83% improvement over the control groups in mineral density and flexural strength, respectively. This work provided an effective implantable fracture therapy device that is self-responsive, battery free, and requires no surgical removal after fulfilling the biomedical intervention.
Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles have been prepared by applying a constant DC of 500 V at 1000 °C for 1 h to the sintered mineral. This process causes important chemical changes, ...as the formation of OH− defects (vacancies), the disappearance of hydrogenophosphate ions at the mineral surface layer, and structural variations reflected by the increment of the crystallinity. As a consequence, the electrochemical properties and electrical conductivity of the polarized mineral increase noticeably compared with as‐prepared and sintered samples. Moreover, these increments remain practically unaltered after several months. In addition, permanent polarization favours significantly the ability of HAp to adsorb inorganic bioadsorbates in comparison with as‐prepared and sintered samples. The adsorbates cause a significant increment of the electrochemical stability and electrical conductivity with respect to bare polarized HAp, which may have many implications for biomedical applications of permanently polarized HAp.
Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite – an electrocatalyst that yields amino acids by fixing N2, CH4, and CO2 – shows unique electrochemical and electrical properties, which are retained even after several months. The authors prove the material‘s noticeable ability to adsorb bioinorganic molecules, which enhances its electrochemical stability and electrical resistance. The results open new possibilities for biomedical applications.
A combined treatment using medication and electrostimulation increases its effectiveness in comparison with one treatment alone. However, the organic integration of two strategies in one miniaturized ...system for practical usage has seldom been reported. This article reports an implantable electronic medicine based on bioresorbable microneedle devices that is activated wirelessly for electrostimulation and sustainable delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. The electronic medicine is composed of a radio frequency wireless power transmission system and a drug-loaded microneedle structure, all fabricated with bioresorbable materials. In a rat skeletal muscle injury model, periodic electrostimulation regulates cell behaviors and tissue regeneration while the anti-inflammatory drugs prevent inflammation, which ultimately enhance the skeletal muscle regeneration. Finally, the electronic medicine is fully bioresorbable, excluding the second surgery for device removal.
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