The creation of a flexible, efficient, digitized, dependable and resilient power grid may well be the best route to increasing energy efficiency and security, as well as boosting the potential of ...renewable and distributed power sources. This book covers smart grids from A-Z, providing a complete treatment of the topic, covering both policy and technology, explaining the most recent innovations supporting its development, and clarifying how the smart grid can support the integration of renewable energy resources. Among the most important topics included are smart metering, renewable energy storage, plug-in hybrids, flexible demand response, strategies for offsetting intermittency issues, micro-grids for off-grid communities, and specific in-depth coverage of wind and solar power integration. The content draws lessons from an international panel of contributors, whose diverse experiences implementing smart grids will help to provide templates for success.
Provides critical information on the technological, design and policy issues that must be taken into account to ensure that the smart grid is implemented successfully
Demonstrates how smart grids can help utilities adhere to increased renewable portfolio standards
Provides examples of successful microgrid/smart metering projects from around the world that can act as templates for developers, operators and investors embarking upon similar projects
This book provides a very common-sense approach to transforming the Electricity Industry to meet clean energy goals and simplifying coordination with DER at scale with plug and play interoperability ...over time. It shows you a new way to architect solutions using a modern, event-driven, standards-based, elastic, cloud-based, distributed architecture to simplify and abstract communications with utility, customer, and third-party owned clean energy assets.The book describes the architectural and technological problems of our 20th Century centralized model and provides a pragmatic alternative architecture with examples of how to seamlessly integrate large numbers of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with centralized systems that take advantage of intelligent edge devices through coordination instead of direct command and control. It also includes references to DOE's Laminar Grid Architecture philosophy and shows how the Energy IoT Reference Architecture is aligned to solve today's biggest Electricity Industry problems.You'll find detailed explanations of common energy IoT reference architecture; understand integration of utility, customer, and third party distributed grid assets to support grid services and market opportunities, and master the elastic scalability solution which is considered by many to be the biggest problem in utility systems for DER. This is a must-have resource for architects, engineers, software developers, government officials, undergraduate students, and professors.
Opisano je stanje u znanosti i tehnologiji koncem XX. stoljeća. Navedena su tehnološka dostignuća i iskoraci u elektrotehnici. Posebno je analizirana elektroenergetika. Osim proizvodnje i prijenosa ...električne energije razmatrani su integrirani elektroenergetski sustavi i velika zamračenja u njima. Kratko su navedene novosti u elektronici, komunikacijama i računali-ma. Opisani su rezultati ankete TEEE o stanju i tehnološkom razvoju, koja je provedena u 2003. godini. Dane su tehnološke prognoze za elektroenergetiku i transport. Na kraju je analizirana mogućnost primjene vodika kao energenta u bliskoj budućnosti.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Doprsni kip Vratislava Bedjaniča je ustvaril kipar Miha Kač iz Radomelj.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of ...restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Zastupljenost monopolističkih poduzeća varira od sektora do sektora.
Monopolistička poduzeća posebice su često zastupljena u onim sektorima koji su tradicionalno bili čvrsto vezani uz državu. Primjer ...za to su sektor
elektroenergetike i telekomunikacija. Stoga su danas, kada problem deregulacije posebno zaokuplja pozornost znanstvene i stručne javnosti, upravo sektori elektroenergetike i telekomunikacija često predmet razmatranja u pitanjima deregulacije. U radu se izlaže teorijska podloga na kojoj se temelji proces deregulacije gospodarstvene infrastrukture, a zatim se raspravlja o nekim praktičnim problemima kojii se javljuju u deregulaciji poduzeća u sektoru elektroenergetske odnosno i telekomunikacijska.
Provider: - Institution: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek. Department of Power Engineering. Chair of ...Power Systems and Substations. - Data provided by Europeana Collections- U ovoj disertaciji predstavljen je novi, poboljšani model za planiranje niskonaponskih
distribucijskih mreža. Model koristi hijerarhijske i stohastičke metode optimizacije, kao i
suvremene programe za crtanje i proračune tokova snaga. Iz skupine hijerarhijskih metoda u
modelu su korištene metoda neizrazitog grupiranja i analitički hijerarhijski postupak. Uporaba
ovih metoda daje najbolje prostorno rješenje niskonaponske distribucijske mreže. Iz skupine
stohastičkih metoda u modelu je korištena metoda simuliranog kaljenja. Uporaba ove metode
daje optimalno uklopno stanje najboljeg prostornog rješenja. Za crtanje prostornih rješenja
distribucijske mreže u modelu je korišten AutoCAD, dok je za proračune tokova snaga korišten
Matlab–Matpower. U prvom dijelu disertacije dane su kratke teorijske postavke o
distribucijskim mrežama, te matematička interpretacija procesa optimizacije i korištenih
optimizacijskih metoda. U drugom dijelu je prezentiran novi, poboljšani model planiranja,
rezultati primjene modela za određeno zemljopisno područje, odnosno skupinu potrošača, kao
i usporedba rezultata sa postojećom distribucijskom mrežom. Iz rezultati dobivenih primjenom
predloženog modela može se uočiti da se dobiva niz prostornih rješenja, pri čemu projektant
odabire najprihvatljivije. Također, model daje mogućnost dobivanja optimalnog uklopnog
stanja odabranog prostornog rješenja. Usporedni rezultati dobiveni primjenom modela i
postojeće distribucijske mreže pokazuju znatna poboljšanja parametara mreže. To je praktična
potvrda opravdanosti primjene predloženog modela planiranja. Njegova primjena naročito
dolazi do izražaja u neplanski građenim distribucijskim sustavima gdje se zbog velikog broja
sličnih mreža, sa izraženim problemima u eksploataciji, njihovim rješavanjem mogu postići
značajne financijske uštede. Mogućnost uporabe modela za detektiranje problema u postojećim
mrežama i provjeru predloženih rješenja predstavlja dodatnu prednost. Jedna od prednosti
modela je i mogućnost uporabe i drugih optimizacijskih metoda koje su prihvatljivije za druge
projektante, ovisno o njihovim programerskim sposobnostima, ali uz primjenu istih koraka u
implementiranoj proceduri. U disertaciji je obrađen primjer niskonaponske distribucijske
mreže, ali model se uspješno može koristiti i za projektiranje distribucijskih mreža srednjeg
napona, što dodatno proširuje opseg njegove primjenjivosti. Obzirom na jednostavnost
procedure koju je potrebno provesti iskusnim inženjerima i planerima distribucijskih mreža
model može poslužiti kao vrlo koristan alat i ima svoje mjesto u praktičnoj primjeni.- A new, improved model for planning of low–voltage distribution networks is presented in this
dissertation. The model uses hierarchical and stochastic optimization methods, as well as
modern programs for drawing and load flow calculations. From the group of hierarchical
methods, fuzzy clustering method and analytic hierarchy process are used in the model. Usage
of these methods gives the best spatial solution of low–voltage distribution network. From the
group of stochastic methods, simulated annealing method is used in the model. Usage of this
method gives the optimal switching condition of the best spatial solution. For drawing the
spatial solutions of distribution network AutoCAD is used in the model, while for load flow
calculations Matlab–Matpower is used. In the first part of the dissertation a short theoretical
assumptions about distribution networks are given, as well as mathematical interpretation of
optimization process and used optimization methods. In the second part, a new, improved
planning model, the results of model application to the specific geographical area or group of
customers, as well as the comparison of results with the existing distribution network are
presented. From the results obtained by the usage of proposed model it can be seen that a series
of spatial solutions is obtained, and the designer can select the most appropriate. Also, the model
provides the possibility of obtaining the optimal switching condition of selected spatial solution.
Comparable results obtained by model implementation and existing distribution network show
significant improvement of network parameters. That is a practical confirmation of a
justification for the proposed planning model application. Its application is particularly evident
in unplanned built distribution systems, where there is a large number of similar networks, with
distinct problems in exploitation, so their resolution can give a significant financial savings.
The ability of the model to detect problems in the existing networks and verification of proposed
solutions is an additional advantage. One of the advantages of the model is the ability for usage
the other optimization methods as well, that are more acceptable for other designers, depending
on their programming skills, but the same steps in the implemented procedure have to be used.
In the dissertation is presented an example of low–voltage distribution network, but the model
can be successfully used for designing the medium–voltage distribution networks, which
further expands its scope of applicability. Considering the simplicity of the procedure that is
necessary to be conducted for experienced engineers and planners of distribution networks the
model can serve as a very useful tool and has its place in the practical application.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek. Department of Power Engineering. Chair of ...Power Systems and Substations. - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Postupnim otvaranjem tržišta električne energije, te nastajanjem sve većeg broja
distribuiranih izvora električne energije rastu zahtjevi prema uslugama očitanja parametara
električne energije bitnih za brzo, sigurno i efikasno funkcioniranje tržišta električnom
energijom, pa u prvi plan dolaze sustavi koji mogu ispuniti postavljene zahtjeve. Sustavi AMR
se pokazuju kao jedini koji efikasno mogu prikupiti mjerne podatke potrebne tržištu tipa krivulje
tereta djelatne energije. Primjenom ovakvih sustava povećana je pouzdanost obračunskih
podataka, jer je izbjegnut ljudski faktor pri očitanju i obradi obračunskih podataka sa mjernih
uređaja i znatno umanjena mogućnost pogrešnog obračuna i prigovora kupca na račun za
električnu energiju. Povećane mogućnosti brojila, kao što je: daljinsko isključenje i uključenje
kupca i proizvođača, provjera ispravnosti rada mjernog uređaja, provjera neovlaštenog korištenja
električne energije, nadzor parametara kvalitete električne energije, sustavi daljinskog očitanja i
upravljanja brojilima (AMR/AMM) se sve više primjenjuju, te osim toga u sinergiji sa modernim
softverskim rješenjima (EasyPower), moguće je sudjelovati i u modeliranju distribucijskih
mreža, koristeći veličine izmjerene i spremljene u memoriju pametnih brojila.- The gradual opening up of the electricity market, and the formation of a growing number of
distributed sources of electricity growing demands on services readings electricity parameters
essential for fast, safe and efficient functioning of the electricity market, however, come to the
fore systems that can meet the requirements. AMR systems appear to be the only one that can
efficiently collect the metrics needed market-type curve load active energy. The application of
such systems has increased the reliability of accounting data, because it avoided the human
factor in the reading and processing of accounting data from the measuring device and
significantly reduced the possibility of an incorrect calculation and objections on the electricity
bill. Increased opportunities counters, such as: remote shutdown and engaging the customer and
91
the manufacturer, check the correctness of the measuring device, check unauthorized use of
electricity, monitoring power quality, systems for remote reading and management of meters
(AMR / AMM) is increasingly applied, and moreover, in synergy with the modern software
solutions (Easypower), it is possible to participate in the modeling of distribution networks,
using the size of the measured and stored in the memory of smart meters.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Department of Electromechanical Engineering. Chair of Electric Machines and Power ...Electronics. - Data provided by Europeana Collections- U doktorskoj disertaciji izvršena je sinteza nelinearnog IDA stabilizatora elektromehaničkih njihanja koji ujedinjuje automatski regulator napona i stabilizator elektromehaničkih njihanja. Polazište za izgradnju nelinearnog IDA stabilizatora elektromehaničkih njihanja je nelinearni model sinkronog generatora s istaknutim polovima trećeg reda čiji je izvod detaljno analiziran. Za sintezu IDA stabilizatora povoljno je matematički model sinkronog generatora zapisati PCH obliku. Osim poznatog postupka sinteze IDA regulatora, koji daje algoritam stabilizatora elektromehaničkih njihanja, implementirana je povratna veza po armaturnom naponu generatora, čime je ostvarena funkcionalnost automatskog regulatora napona. Nakon sinteze IDA stabilizatora dokazana je asiptotska stabilnost sustava koji se sastoji od sinkronog generatora s istaknutim polovima spojenog na električnu mreţu. Simulacije rada sustava s implementiranim IDA stabilizatorom elektromehaničkih njihanja načinjene su u programskom paketu Matlab. Za ispitivanje je korišten model sinkronog generatora s istaknutim polovima sedmog reda, a moguće je ispitati odziv sustava u slučaju promjene referentne veličine napona generatora, zatim u slučaju promjene mehaničke snage na osovini generatora te kratki spoj na generatorskoj sabirnici. Simulacijskim ispitivanjima je dokazano da je uspješno realizirano slijeĎenje referentne vrijednosti napona generatora. Ispitivanjem kvalitete regulacije sustava u slučaju velikog poremećaja u smislu kratkog spoja na sabirnici generatora te u slučaju promjene radne točke generatora dokazana je robusnost dobivenog upravljačkog algoritma. Usporedbom kvalitete regulacije IDA stabilizatora i klasičnih linearnih regulatora utvrĎeno je da klasični linearni regulatori pokazuju bolju kvalitetu regulacije u slučaju malih poremećaja. U slučaju pojave velikih poremećaja IDA stabilizator daje bolju kvalitetu regulacije u odnosu na klasične linearne regulatore. TakoĎer je dokazana stabilnost sustava s implementiranim upravljačkim algoritmom u kapacitivnom reţimu rada.- In this doctoral thesis synthesis of nonlinear IDA power system stabilizer is made. IDA stabilizer also includes functionality of automatic voltage regulator. The basis for nonlinear IDA power system stabilizer constructing is salient pole synchronous generator nonlinear model of third order, synthesis of which is analyzed in detail. For IDA stabilizer synthesis it is convenient to represent synchronous generator mathematical model as PCH system. Apart from known procedure of IDA regulator synthesis that gives power system stabilizer algorithm, generator voltage feedback is also implemented and functionality of automatic voltage regulator is achieved. After IDA stabilizer synthesis, asymptotical stability of system which consists of salient pole synchronous generator connected to electrical power system is proven. Simulations of system with implemented IDA power system stabilizer are made in Matlab software. In simulations salient pole synchronous generator seventh order model is used for IDA stabilizer testing. Simulation model gives possibility of testing generator voltage reference value change, generator mechanical power change and occurrence of short circuit on generator bus voltage. Simulation results prove that generator voltage reference value tracking is successfully realized. Control algorithm robustness is proven by regulation quality testing in case of large disturbance, such as short circuit on generator bus and generator operating point change. Regulation quality comparison for IDA stabilizer and classical linear regulators show that linear regulators have better regulation quality in case of small disturbances. In case of large disturbances IDA stabilizer gives better regulation quality comparing to classical linear regulators. Stability of system with implemented IDA stabilizer in generator capacitive operating mode is also proven.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Department of Power Engineering. Chair of Power Systems and Substations. - Data provided by ...Europeana Collections- U doktorskoj disertaciji razvijen je neizraziti ekspertni sustav (off-line) za dijagnozu kvara u
distributivnoj mreţi na bazi strukturalnog i funkcionalnog djelovanja releja i prekidača.
Prikazan je novi način modeliranja funkcionalnog djelovanja releja i prekidača koji je opisan
pomoću neizrazite logike. Neizrazita logika (više-vrijednosna logika) je metoda koja se bavi
modeliranjem nepreciznosti, nesigurnosti kod donošenja odluka. Poboljšava i povećava
potencijal kod modeliranja ljudskog razmišljanja koje koristi lingvističke varijable. Neizrazita
logika (teorija) je u suprotnosti s klasičnom teorijom vjerojatnosti, jer je prva deterministička,
a druga stohastička u naravi. Teorija vjerojatnosti se koristi bi-vrijednosnom logikom (0 ili 1),
dok neizrazita teorija moţe poprimiti bilo koju vrijednost izmeĎu 0 i 1. Neizrazita logika nudi
jednostavan pristup modeliranju nejasnih, neprecizni, izobličeni i nepostojećih ulaznih
informacija. Neizraziti dijagnostički sustav kao ulazne podatke koristi statuse releja i
prekidača te njihove vremenske oznake. Dijagnostički sustav iz ogromnog broja alarma
postavlja, logički organizira i kvantificira dijagnoze. Razvijeni dijagnostički sustav za
dijagnozu kvara uspješno dijagnosticira djelovanje, krivo djelovanje i otkazivanje djelovanja
releja i prekidača. TakoĎer ima mogućnost lociranja (identificiranja) kvara te njegovog
kvantificiranja na bazi hibridnog operatora unije koji je iskazan kao aritmetička sredina
Hamackerovog i Schweizerovog operatora unije. Pored navedenog uspješno se nosi i s
kvarovima telemetrije koristeći novi način modeliranja nepostojećih informacija pomoću
linearne funkcije pripadnost u odnosu na vrijeme.- In this doctoral dissertation was developed off-line fuzzy expert system for fault diagnosis in
distribution network based on the structural and functional operation of relays and circuit
breakers. Functional operation of relays and circuit breakers is described by fuzzy logic as a
new way of modeling. Fuzzy logic (multiple-value logic) is a method that deals with the
modeling of imprecision, uncertainty in decision-making process. It improves and increases
the potential in the modeling of human thinking which uses linguistic variables. Fuzzy logic
(theory) is in contrast with the classical theory of probability, since the first is deterministic
and the other is stochastic in nature. Probability theory uses bi-value logic (0 or 1), while
fuzzy theory can take any value between 0 and 1. Fuzzy logic offers a simple approach for
modeling vague, inaccurate, distorted and missing informations. Imput information of fuzzy
diagnostic system are the status of relays and circuit breakers and their time stamps.
Diagnostic system logically organize and quantifie diagnosis from the huge alarm
streams.Operation, false operation and failure of operation for circuit brakers and realays can
be diagnosed with the developed diagnostic system. Fault location (identification) is
quantified with hybrid union operator which is discribed as the arithmetic mean of Hamackers
and Schweizers operator. New method of modeling the missng information as linear
membership functions with respect to time is used for dealing with failures of telemetry.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
