As teachers returned to the classroom for the 2020–2021 school year, they faced new and challenging environments, instructional approaches, and roles as educators. The current study is one of the ...first empirical studies that identified factors contributing to teacher burnout due to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) and instruction during fall 2020. Controlling for demographics, the results found significant predictors for teacher burnout-stress those being COVID-19 anxiety, current teaching anxiety, anxiety communicating with parents, and administrative support. The results are important for schools and researchers to consider when it comes to the impact of COVID-19 on teachers.
Teacher coaching has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional models of professional development. We review the empirical literature on teacher coaching and conduct meta-analyses to estimate ...the mean effect of coaching programs on teachers 'instructional practice and students 'academic achievment. Combining results across 60 studies that employ causal research designs, we find pooled effect sizes of 0.49 standard deviations (SD) on instruction and 0.18 SD on achievement. Much of this evidence comes from literacy coaching programs for prekindergarten and elementary school teachers in the United States. Although these findings affirm the potential of coaching as a development tool, further analyses illustrate the challenges of taking coaching programs to scale while maintaining effectiveness. Average effects from effectiveness trials of larger programs are only a fraction of the effects found in efficacy trials of smaller programs. We conclude by discussing ways to address scale-up implementation challenges and providing guidance for future causal studies.
Professional development programs are based on different theories of how students learn and different theories of how teachers learn. Reviewers often sort programs according to design features such ...as program duration, intensity, or the use of specific techniques such as coaches or online lessons, but these categories do not illuminate the programs' underlying purpose or premises about teaching and teacher learning. This review sorts programs according to their underlying theories of action, which include (a) a main idea that teachers should learn and (b) a strategy for helping teachers enact that idea within their own ongoing systems of practice. Using rigorous research design standards, the review identifies 28 studies. Because studies differ in multiple ways, the review presents program effects graphically rather than statistically. Visual patterns suggest that many popular design features are not associated with program effectiveness. Furthermore, different main ideas are not differentially effective. However, the pedagogies used to facilitate enactment differ in their effectiveness. Finally, the review addresses the question of research design for studies of professional development and suggests that some widely favored research designs might adversely affect study outcomes.
As in many countries worldwide, as part of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown schools in Germany closed in March 2020 and only partially re-opened in May. Teachers were confronted ...with the need to adapt to online teaching. This paper presents the results of a survey of early career teachers conducted in May and June 2020. First, we analysed the extent to which they maintained social contact with students and mastered core teaching challenges. Second, we analysed potential factors (school computer technology, teacher competence such as their technological pedagogical knowledge, and teacher education learning opportunities pertaining to digital teaching and learning). Findings from regression analyses show that information and communication technologies (ICT) tools, particularly digital teacher competence and teacher education opportunities to learn digital competence, are instrumental in adapting to online teaching during COVID-19 school closures. Implications are discussed for the field of teacher education and the adoption of ICT by teachers.
It is now widely believed that classroom dialogue matters as regards student outcomes, with optimal patterns often regarded as requiring some or all of open questions, elaboration of previous ...contributions, reasoned discussion of competing viewpoints, linkage and coordination across contributions, metacognitive engagement with dialogue, and high student participation. To date, however, the relevance of such features has been most convincingly examined in relation to small-group interaction among students; little is known about their applicability to teacher-student dialogue. This article reports a large-scale study that permits some rebalancing. The study revolved around 2 lessons (covering 2 of mathematics, literacy, and science) that were video recorded in each of 72 demographically diverse classrooms (students' ages 10-11 years). Key measures of teacher-student dialogue were related to 6 indices of student outcome, which jointly covered curriculum mastery, reasoning, and educationally relevant attitudes. Prior attainment and attitudes were considered in analyses, as were other factors (e.g., student demographics and further aspects of classroom practice) that might confound interpretation of dialogue-outcome relations. So long as students participated extensively, elaboration and querying of previous contributions were found to be positively associated with curriculum mastery, and elaboration was also positively associated with attitudes.
The present contribution provides a conceptualization of teacher emotions rooted in appraisal theory and draws on several complementary theoretical perspectives to create a conceptual framework for ...understanding the teacher emotion-student outcome link based on three psychological mechanisms: (1) direct transmission effects between teacher and student emotions, (2) mediated effects via teachers' instructional and relational teaching behaviors, and (3) recursive effects back from student outcomes on teacher emotions, both directly and indirectly via teachers' appraisals of student outcomes and their correspondingly adapted teaching behaviors. We then present a tour d'horizon of empirical evidence from this field of research, highlighting valence-congruent links in which positive emotions relate to desirable outcomes and negative emotions to undesirable outcomes, but also valence-incongruent links. Last, we identify two key challenges for teacher emotion impact research and suggest three directions for future research that focus on measurement, research design, and an extended scope considering emotion regulation.
Hypothesizing that gamification may have a positive effect on engagement; this study hopes to contribute to the implementation of gamification by presenting evidence from a real classroom. This study ...intended to reveal the effect of gamified instructional process to student engagement and the relationship between engagement and academic performances in a real classroom. The study includes reflections from the design of a one-term ICT course in which the participants were pre-service primary school teachers enrolled at a school of education. An engagement scale, activity evaluation rubrics, a gamification evaluation form were used to collect data. Clinical interviews were used to address the relationships among gamification, engagement and achievement. The results revealed that using the combination of elements provided quite a positive motivational impact on engagement. Also the use of gamification elements indirectly affected the academic achievement due to their positive effects on engagement in the classroom. Suggestions for using gamification elements in a real classroom environment were also included.
•Combination of five gamification elements were used together to stimulate students.•Qualitative and quantitative reflections from a gamified course were examined.•Leaderboard and points worked on university students well but real gifts did not.•Gamification played significant role on engagement-academic performance relation.•Suggestions were made for the use of each gamification elements in real ICT class.
Utilizing videos as a learning tool is known to enhance motivation. To create more professional learning videos, understanding videography techniques is crucial. The Canva application, widely popular ...today, aids education by facilitating the design of engaging learning videos. Unfortunately, teachers in the Teacher Working Group (KKG) Cluster 10, Cisauk District, lack proficiency in using Canva, particularly in crafting learning videos. The community service aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of 28 participants from 9 public elementary schools and 1 private elementary school in Cisauk District, focusing on videography techniques and Canva application operation. Scheduled from September to October 2023 at SDN Suradita, the activity involves preparation, training, assignments, and concludes with monitoring and evaluation. Evaluation results indicate a 30% increase in teachers' knowledge and a 4.6% boost in insight into videography and Canva. Similarly, teachers' proficiency in crafting learning videos with Canva improves. However, limited activity time prevents teachers from applying videography techniques with complete camera devices. The next step involves testing Canva-produced learning videos to gauge their impact on student learning outcomes and motivation.
This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the University of Salamanca, on the behavioral intention of using mobile devices within the future teaching practice of pre-service primary ...education teachers. To this end we elaborated a technology adoption model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), to which we incorporated the constructs of self-efficacy and mobile anxiety. The study consisted of 678 participants from the Primary Education Teacher Bachelor's Degree at said university.
The model was examined with the PLS-SEM technique. The analysis supported all the relational hypotheses proposed, and suggested that the stronger relationships were those established between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy and perceived ease of use.
The multi-group analysis barely yielded any significant differences at a structural level controlling for gender and course year. However, we did find some significant differences between mean scores at an indicator level. The PLS-POS analysis of unobserved heterogeneity identified two groups with significant differences in their path coefficients.
•We used a TAM-based model to study pre-service teachers' intent to use mLearning.•The model is expanded with the constructs self-efficacy and anxiety.•The results of the model analysis through PLS-SEM supported all of the paths proposed.•The MGA did not yield significant differences controlling for gender or course year.•The PLS-POS analysis identified two groups with significant differences in all their paths.
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