This article analyzes the treatment of chemical elements in six general monolingual explanatory dictionaries. Two approaches are observed with respect to the formation of headword lists: either a ...complete set of chemical elements is included or only a selection according to the frequency in general language usage. The inventory of hypernyms used as genus words and the degree of systematicity in their usage are presented. Chemical elements represent a reasonable number of lexical units of the same semantic group, therefore a high degree of systematicity of definitions in dictionaries is expected; however, we can only partially confirm this. The use of terminological labels varies greatly from one dictionary to another: in some dictionaries they are not used at all, in others they are used only partially, and in some they are always used. In the case of polysemic entries, one dictionary uses sense indicators.
Rad opisuje način
prikupljanja, obrade i digitalizacije materijala o nematerijalnoj kulturnoj
baštini u Bosni i Hercegovini koja se prezentira na festivalima folklora te
izgradnju multimedijalnih ...baza podataka i portala za njihovu promociju.
Navedene aktivnosti pojedine elemente nematerijalne kulturne baštine i
kulturno-umjetnička društva kao njihove baštinike čine vidljivijima i
dostupnijima javnosti uz davanje dodatnoga poticaja samim baštinicima za
njihovo prenošenje na mlade naraštaje. Opisano provodi Društvo za
digitalizaciju tradicijske kulturne baštine iz Širokog Brijega u suradnji s
partnerima i samim baštinicima elemenata kroz dva projekta.
Prvi projekt,
diple.org,
realizira se s Udrugom hrvatskih amaterskih kulturno-umjetničkih društava u
BiH i prezentira tradicijsku kulturnu baštinu Hrvata u BiH, a drugi projekt,
tkanica.org,
prezentira baštinike, njihove elemente i festivale folklora u BiH koji
djeluju u okrilju međunarodne organizacije CIOFF (International Council of
Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts) i realizira se sa Sekcijom
CIOFF-a za BiH. Projektima je do
sada obuhvaćeno više od dvije stotine baštinika. Obrađeni su detaljniji podatci
o sedam kulturno-umjetničkih društava, sedam festivala folklora, dva popisa
jednog broja karakterističnih elemenata na lokalitetima kao i jedan popis
vještina sviranja na sedam tradicijskih glazbala.
Realizacija
dosadašnjega dijela projekta pokazala je kako su baštinici elemenata koji ulažu
znatne napore u istraživanje na samom terenu o elementima nematerijalne
kulturne baštine svojega kraja uspjeli održati kontinuitet u radu i dodatno
skrenuti pozitivnu pozornost javnosti na svoju baštinu.
The paper describes the method of collecting, processing and digitising
materials on intangible cultural heritage presented at folklore festivals and
the construction of multimedia databases and portals for their promotion. These
activities make certain elements of intangible cultural heritage and cultural
and artistic societies as their heirs more visible and accessible to the
public, while giving additional incentives to the heirs themselves to pass them
on to young generations. This is carried out by the Society for the
Digitisation of Traditional Cultural Heritage from Široki Brijeg in cooperation
with partners and the heirs of the elements through two projects. The first
project,
diple.org,
is being in cooperation with the Association of
Croatian Amateur Cultural and Artistic Societies in B&H and presents the
traditional cultural heritage of Croats in B&H. The second project,
tkanica.org,
presents the heirs, their elements and folklore festivals in B&H that
operate under the auspices of CIOFF® and is in cooperation with the CIOFF®
Section for B&H. The projects have so far covered over two hundred heirs.
More detailed data on seven cultural and artistic societies, seven folklore
festivals, two lists of a number of characteristic elements at the sites as well
as a list of playing skills on seven traditional instruments were processed.
The realisation of the previous part of the project showed that the heirs of
the elements that invest significant efforts in field research on the elements
of intangible cultural heritage of their region managed to maintain continuity
in work and further draw positive public attention to their heritage.
Discovered in late 1817, cadmium is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. It is associated with renal, neurological, skeletal and other toxic effects, ...including reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. There is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action, biomarkers of critical effects, and ways to reduce health risks. At present, there is no clinically efficient agent to treat cadmium poisoning due to predominantly intracellular location of cadmium ions. This article gives a brief review of cadmium-induced oxidative stress and its interactions with essential elements zinc and magnesium as relevant mechanisms of cadmium toxicity. It draws on available literature data and our own results, which indicate that dietary supplementation of either essential element has beneficial effect under condition of cadmium exposure. We have also tackled the reasons why magnesium addition prevails over zinc and discussed the protective role of magnesium during cadmium exposure. These findings could help to solve the problem of prophylaxis and therapy of increased cadmium body burden.
Iako je otkriven tek 1817. godine, kadmij je trenutačno jedan od najvažnijih onečišćivača životne i radne sredine. Štetno djeluje na bubrege, živčani sustav, kosti, reproduktivni sistem, a ima i genotoksične i karcinogene efekte. Nužna su dalja istraživanja vezana za mehanizme njegove toksičnosti, biomarkere efekata, kao i načine smanjenja rizika za zdravlje. Osim toga, do danas nije otkriven agens efikasan u terapiji trovanja kadmijem s obzirom na to da je kadmij intracelularni kation. U ovom radu dan je sažet pregled važnih mehanizama toksičnosti kadmija, kao što su nastanak oksidativnog stresa i interakcije s esencijalnim elementima, cinkom i magnezijem, na osnovi dostupnih literaturnih podataka, kao i naših ispitivanja koja upućuju na to da povećani unos navedenih esencijalnih elemenata pokazuje pozitivne efekte pri ekspoziciji kadmiju. Obrazložena je prednost suplementacije magnezijem pred suplementacijom cinkom i razmatrana preventivna uloga magnezija pri intoksikaciji kadmijem. Ovi su rezultati doprinos rješavanju problema profilakse i terapije trovanja kadmijem.
Svaki je park nositelj većega ili manjega broja rekreacijskih aktivnosti. Strukturne analize parkovnih elemenata mogu biti vrijedan pokazatelj rekreacijskog potencijala parkova prezentirajući ...razlučiv kriterij za komparaciju i procjenu njihovih rekreacijskih karakteristika te s time povezanih kvaliteta. Takva analiza može biti vrijedan pokazatelj kvaliteta vezanih za njihov društveni i socijalni doprinos u urbanoj sredini.
Parks offer a great diversity of recreational activities. Structural analyses of park elements may provide valuable insight into a recreational potential of a park and offer distinctive criteria for comparison and assessment of a park’s recreational characteristics and its related quality. They cannot be used as i ndependent indicators of a park quality but only serve as reliable indicators of its social contribution to an urban environment.
There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision ...making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an ‘improved’ use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter-concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to ‘evidence-based policy’ can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias – the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy-relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes ‘good evidence for policy’, as well as the ‘good use of evidence’ within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence-advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the ‘good governance of evidence’ – a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision-making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served.
The letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo, written in the mid-16th century, are not only a precious testimony of Venetian commercial history, but also a particularly rich source for ...linguistic and lexicographic studies on Renaissance Venetian. The present paper examines selected oriental elements of Arabic, Turkish and Persian origin from the point of view of historical lexicography. The special linguistic interest of Berengo's letters is confirmed by the fact that most of the terms studied are early or even first attestations in Italian.
La sottotitolazione, modalità traduttiva largamente utilizzata in Croazia, costituisce un tipo specifico di traduzione audiovisiva, la cui realizzazione richiede l’uso di tecniche particolari. Data ...la natura effimera dei sottotitoli (rimangono sullo schermo per la durata massima di sei secondi), finora in Croazia sono state svolte pochissime analisi traduttive e linguistiche di testi sottotitolati, benché si tratti di testi rivolti al vasto pubblico. Il presente contributo prende in esame il tema succitato dal punto di vista dell’italianistica croata, analizzando le modalità traduttive adottate nella sottotitolazione dal croato all’italiano del premiato cortometraggio spalatino Ritki Zrak (Aria rarefatta), girato nel 2016. In primo luogo viene descritta la varietà linguistica utilizzata nel film, classificabile come parlata giovanile della città di Spalato; in questa sezione viene sviluppata un’analisi sia sociolinguistica che dialettologica della varietà in questione. In seguito, vengono presentate le strategie di traduzione utilizzate solitamente nella sottotitolazione. L’analisi sarà svolta seguendo i modelli teorici proposti per l’analisi di questo tipo testuale, in particolare il modello di Gottlieb e quello di Lomheim, entrambi incentrati su una tassonomia di procedimenti il cui fine principale è di mantenere nel testo di arrivo il maggior numero di informazioni semantiche, stilistiche e culturali del testo di partenza. Particolare interesse sarà dedicato al trattamento degli elementi culturospecifici, problematici dal punto di vista traduttivo; nella cultura d’arrivo, infatti, molto spesso sono inesistenti e il traduttore deve trovare la soluzione migliore che resti il più fedele possibile alla cultura di partenza. Infine, sulla base dell’analisi condotta, verranno analizzate le caratteristiche del sottotitolaggio come tecnica di traduzione audiovisiva e si cercherà di fornire osservazioni generali sull’orientamento del metatesto in questo tipo di traduzione.
Europska zajednica za ugljen i čelik (EZUČ) predstavlja temelj na kojemu se počeo izgra-
đivati europski projekt i današnja Europska unija (EU). U ovom radu izlažu se pravne osnove na kojima je ...počivala ova organizacija, koja je prestala postojati 2002. g. kada njezine nadležnosti preuzima Europska unija. U prvom dijelu rada objašnjava se povijesni kontekst nastanka Zajednice, a nakon toga se analizira pravni karakter Zajednice te njezine glavne pravne značajke.
Mineralni elementi se u mlijeku i mliječnim proizvodima nalaze u obliku anorganskih iona i soli, ili kao dio organskih molekula kao što su bjelančevine, masti, ugljikohidrati i nukleinske kiseline. ...Kemijska forma u kojoj su mineralni elementi prisutni je vrlo važna jer o njoj ovisi apsorpcija u želucu i time njihovo biološko iskorištenje. Mineralni sastav mlijeka nije konstantan i ovisi o stadiju laktacije, hranidbenom statusu životinje, okolišnim uvjetima i genetskim čimbenicima. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati dosadašnje rezultate istraživanja koncentracija, kemijske forme i prehrambene važnosti pojedinih mineralnih elemenata koji su prisutni u različitim vrstama mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda.
Određivanje elemenata u kosi metodom ICP-MS Bošnjaković, Anja; Piasek, Martina; Sulimanec Grgec, Antonija ...
Kemija u industriji,
12/2020, Letnik:
69, Številka:
13
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Human hair is a biological sample that is, unlike blood, noninvasively collected and can be used in the assessment of element intake. Before analysis, hair samples need to be washed to eliminate ...external contamination, for which no standard procedure exists. The present study evaluated the efficiency of different processes for washing hair samples (by non-ionic detergent, acids, solvents, and their mixtures), including ultrasonication before ICP-MS element (As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) analysis. All tested washing procedures using detergent or solvents were satisfactory, while nitric and hydrochloric acid solutions yielded to “released” and lost elements due to damaged hair (visible discolouration and hair impairment). The application of ultrasonication improved washing efficiency up to 10 %, depending on the tested element and washing procedure.
Ljudska kosa je biološki uzorak koji se, za razliku od krvi, skuplja neinvazivno i može rabiti u procjeni unosa elemenata. Prije analize uzorke kose potrebno je oprati kako bi se odstranila vanjska onečišćenja
za što ne postoje standardni postupci. Istraživanjem je procijenjena učinkovitost različitih postupaka pranja uzoraka kose (neionskim detergentom, kiselinama, otapalima i njihovim mješavinama) uključujući primjenu ultrazvuka prije analize elemenata (As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg,
Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) metodom ICP-MS. Ispitivani postupci pranja bili
su zadovoljavajući, izuzev primjenom dušične i klorovodične kiseline, pri čemu se elementi “otpuštaju” i gube zbog oštećivanja kose (vidljive su promjena boje i pucanje vlasi). Primjena ultrazvuka pospješila je učinkovitost pranja uzoraka do 10 % ovisno o ispitivanom elementu i postupku pranja.
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