Environmental impact of wind energy Saidur, R.; Rahim, N.A.; Islam, M.R. ...
Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,
06/2011, Letnik:
15, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Since the beginning of industrialization, energy consumption has increased far more rapidly than the number of people on the planet. It is known that the consumption of energy is amazingly high and ...the fossil based resources may not be able to provide energy for the whole world as these resources will be used up in the near future. Hence, renewable energy expected to play an important role in handling the demand of the energy required along with environmental pollution prevention.
The impacts of the wind energy on the environment are important to be studied before any wind firm construction or a decision is made. Although many countries showing great interest towards renewable or green energy generation, negative perception of wind energy is increasingly evident that may prevent the installation of the wind energy in some countries. This paper compiled latest literatures in terms of thesis (MS and PhD), journal articles, conference proceedings, reports, books, and web materials about the environmental impacts of wind energy. This paper also includes the comparative study of wind energy, problems, solutions and suggestion as a result of the implementation of wind turbine. Positive and negative impacts of wind energy have been broadly explained as well. It has been found that this source of energy will reduce environmental pollution and water consumption. However, it has noise pollution, visual interference and negative impacts on wildlife.
•Currently HEFA is the most economic SAF pathway, followed by Fischer-Tropsch and Alcohol to Jet.•More incentives and grants needed for promoting SAF growth.•Using second and third-generation ...feedstock for sustainable SAF production.•Adopting Co-processing pathways to offset higher capital cost for SAF production.
A worldwide shift towards environmentally friendly renewable fuels is required to mitigate the environmental impacts of fossil fuel use in the aviation industry. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), derived from renewable bio-based resources, has recently received considerable interest as a viable alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. In addition, the SAF offers a considerably smaller CO2 emission footprint compared to fossil fuels. However, despite the environmental benefits, SAF has high production costs and is not currently economically competitive. Therefore, various organizational initiatives, government incentives, and effective policies are required to promote the widespread use of SAF by the aviation sector. The incentives are also necessary to make SAF competitive with fossil fuels by improving the technical understanding of the production processes, exploring the supply chain needs, and reducing the uncertainties and risks associated with starting commercial-scale biorefinery projects. This review examines the current techno-economic status of SAF technology worldwide. It also explores past and present organizational initiatives and policies implemented for the aviation industry's broader acceptance of SAF. The environmental aspects of SAF use, such as carbon offset and water use, are also critically analyzed in this work. A comprehensive comparative analysis of several bio-conversion methods using various feedstocks is also explored. This review also identifies several hurdles and areas that need further research to shift towards SAF from conventional fuels successfully. While technical, economic, and policy challenges remain, SAF can significantly reduce the CO2 emissions from the aviation sector and contribute substantially to climate change solutions.
One of the reasons why renewable energies are so attractive compared to fossil fuels is their low environmental impact. In addition, geothermal power plants contribute tremendously to sustainable ...energy generation for cities despite their lower energy efficiency than fossil fuel plants. The multi-heat recovery will eliminate the applicability defect mentioned. Therefore, this paper studies a novel tri-generation schema with the maximum use of heat loss through a multi-heat recovery technique in two principal processes, namely waste heat-to-power and power-to-H2 and -purified water. A double-flash binary cycle, Rankine cycle, electrolyzer unit, and reverse osmosis desalination system all play a part in the creation of this system. The technical feasibility of the system is scrutinized based on energy-exergy, environmental, sustainability, and exergoeconomic metrics and bi-objective optimization. Generally, 1st separator pressure made the strongest effect on the measured variables among decision variables. The increase in this parameter led to an upward-and-downward behavior of the net electricity and exergetic efficiency; while the cost of products experienced a converse trend. Also, the produced H2 and purified water together with the tri-generation gain output ratio augmented. Changes were not observed in net electricity and purified water with the change in 2nd separator pressure, but the H2 production rate changed significantly. Through bi-objective optimization, net electricity, purified water production rate, and total investment cost rate also significantly increase. Based on the optimum design mode, the CO2 emission rate and the sustainability index are higher than under the base case design.
•Using multi-heat recovery technique in two principal processes, namely, waste heat-to-power and power-to-H2 and -purified water.•Evaluation of system indices based on energy-exergy and exergoeconomic metrics and bi-objective optimization.•Exergetic efficiency, TGOR, and the cost of products improved by 5.19%, 109.52%, and 8.54%, separately, thanks to bi-objective optimization.
The construction elements produced with low demand for primary resources are being developed in the building industry. However, not only consumption of primary resources but also environmental ...impacts of such products should be considered to increase the sustainability of the construction industry. To investigate the environmental impacts of lightweight concrete blocks, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used as an analytical tool according to the EN 15 804 + A2. Firstly, the properties of fine grounded concrete powder (FRWC) were measured to declare functionality and potential to use of the considered product. Then, the lightweight concrete block containing FRWC was designed. The potential environmental impacts of the lightweight concrete block were assessed for the following phases: raw material production, transport of materials, production of concrete block, and end of life of the block. The considered system boundaries includes the production of fine grounded concrete powder, which was produced by recycling demolished concrete structures. The results were related to 1 tun of lightweight concrete block. Unsurprisingly, the calculated impact is mainly influenced by cement production. The total impact of the life cycle of 1 t of the lightweight block is 336 kg CO2 eq. On the other hand, the lightweight block reached better results in the comparison with the Aerated Autoclaved Concrete block in most of the categories.
This study aims to determine the effect of disclosure of sustainability reports (SR) on economic performance aspects, environmental performance aspects, and social performance aspects of a company's ...financial performance by using the ratios of return on equity (ROE), return on sales (ROS), and return on assets (ROA). To mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses quantitative and secondary data. The data collection technique is to record data on the financial reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018–2022 period. The research population consists of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, using a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 50 companies. They use multiple linear regression methods with the help of SPSS software as an analysis method. The analysis results show that the economic aspect of the sustainability report (SR) variable has a significant effect on the company's financial performance using the return on asset (ROA) ratio. The SR variable in the economic aspect significantly affects financial performance using the return on equity (ROE) ratio. The economic aspect of the SR variable influences and is significant in financial performance using the return on sales (ROS) ratio. The environmental aspect of the SR variable has no effect and is not significant on financial performance using the ratio of return on assets (ROA). The environmental aspect The SR variable significantly influences financial performance using the return on equity ratio (ROE). Variable SR environmental aspects have no effect and are not significant on financial performance using the return on sales (ROS) ratio. The social aspect of the SR variable influences and is significant in financial performance using the ratio of return on assets (ROA). The social aspect (SR) variable has no effect and is not significant on financial performance using the return on equity ratio (ROE). The social aspect of the SR variable significantly influences financial performance using the return on sales (ROS) ratio.
Lignocellulose biomass is considered to be the prevalent and economic substrate for biofuel generation. The presence of certain refractory components in biomass causes major obstacle in enzymatic ...hydrolysis and thus it has to be improved by the advancement of pretreatment technology. The pretreatment focused on the enhancement of hydrolysis by altering the polymeric substance into monomers. A suitable pretreatment converts the biomass into easily accessible components for enzymes and thus enhances fermentation during biofuel production. Notwithstanding the research and development activities focused towards the goalmouth and the integrated pretreatment for biofuel production are needed to be optimised in terms of economic and environmental way. The problems associated with the economic and environmental distress focused on enormous research for several decades in order to replace fossil fuels with the lignocellulosic feedstock. The various approaches were implemented in lignocellulose based biofuel production by concerning the net cost and the energy demand by upgrading the process design. In present review, the pretreatment technologies for biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock are discussed along with the inhibitory compounds generations during pretreatment. Furthermore, the energy demand on pretreatment and the techno-economic and environmental aspects were discussed. This review highlights the major aspects in biorefinery process which includes the pretreatment and saccharification of sugar and lignin into biofuels.
Display omitted
•Lignocellulosic biomass are the potential feedstock for biofuel production.•Lignin hinders the accessibility to other components and inhibits enzyme hydrolysis.•Combined and phase-separated pretreatment enhances the conversion of sugars.•Biofuel commercialisation is efficient based on cost and environmental analysis.•Biorefinery aspects of biofuel production enhance circular economy.
Shifting Ground Lindert, Peter H
2000, 20001012, 2000-10-12, Letnik:
1
eBook, Book
In this book Peter Lindert evaluates environmental concerns about soil degradation in two very large countries--China and Indonesia--where anecdotal evidence has suggested serious problems. Lindert ...does what no scholar before him has done: using new archival data sets, he measures changes in soil productivity over long enough periods of time to reveal the influence of human activity.China and Indonesia are good test cases because of their geography and history. China has been at the center of global concerns about desertification and water erosion, which it may have accelerated with intense agriculture. Most of Indonesia¹s lands were created by volcanoes and erosion, and its rapid deforestation and shifting slash-burn agriculture have been singled out for international censure.Lindert's investigation suggests that human mismanagement is not on average worsening the soil quality in China and Indonesia. Human cultivation lowers soil nitrogen and organic matter, but has offsetting positive effects. Economic development and rising incomes may even lead to better soil. Beyond the importance of Lindert's immediate findings, this book opens a new area of study--quantitative soil history--and raises the standard for debating soil trends.
This study evaluates the potential use of glass powder residue as partial replacement of cement in the fibers cement industry. Fibers cement composites were elaborated according to slurry dewatering ...method. Three formulations were studied; two cementitious matrices with a partial replacement of cement by glass powder residue (20 and 50% by weight) and a cementitious matrix with a partial replacement of cement by 20% by weight of limestone (commonly used as mineral addition in the fibers cement industry). The effect of these mineral additions on the cement hydration was evaluated using isothermal calorimetry. Physico-mechanical properties of the composites were determined at 8 days and after durability tests. Moreover, the potential application of the glass powder residue into the fibers cement industry was evaluated by determine the energy demand of the production of cement and the energy performance of fibers cement composites elaborated from the glass powder residue.
The results showed that cement pastes containing the glass powder residue present a higher heat of hydration in comparison to the control. The partial replacement of cement by 50% by weight of glass powder residue increases the flexural strength of composites at 8 days and after durability tests. The results also showed that the production of 1 ton of cement partially replaced by glass powder residue requires lower energy than the cement partially replaced by limestone. Finally, according to the study, the use of the glass powder residue in production of fibers cement composites can provide important technical, environmental and economic benefits.
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