La industria bananera de Ecuador, importante a nivel mundial, enfrenta desafíos ergonómicos en las plantaciones que pueden afectar la salud de los trabajadores a largo plazo. Las labores físicas como ...la cosecha y el empaque pueden causar enfermedades musculoesqueléticas debido a posturas inadecuadas y jornadas laborales extensas. Es por este motivo que el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los riesgos ergonómicos a los que se encuentran expuestos los trabajadores en la producción y cosecha del sector bananero. Para este propósito la metodología empleada fue cuantitativa, descriptiva, y observacional. Se usó el cuestionario, y se aplicó a 10 fincas de acuerda a la muestra estratificada de 298 trabajadores, Se utilizó la matriz MRL riesgos laborales para la Identificación, evaluación y control de los factores de riesgo ergonómicos la misma que fue valorada mediante la consecuencia, probabilidad y exposición, determinando cual factor es bajo, medio, alto y crítico. Los resultados evidenciaron que el 80% de las enfermedades de los trabajadores son productos de movimiento repetitivos, posturas forzosas, sobre esfuerzo físico y sobrecarga, la ponderación permitió plantear estrategias como medidas de prevención y disminuir los riesgos críticos.
Aquaculture plays a very important role in the current Brazilian scenario, helping the income of small families. This activity is considerably new and does not have a specific methodology developed ...for the fishing activity. Due to these factors, this ergonomic analysis at work (AET) study was carried out, with the purpose of identifying the causes of complaints of body pain and fatigue caused by this activity. For this analysis, the Ergolândia software was used, which is composed of several ergonomic methods. The method used in unloading was the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which deals more specifically with lifting and transporting loads, which analyzes the weight of the load, position of hands and feet, inclination of the trunk, height of the load is raised. Collected data and images were also used as assistance. After carrying out the analyzes and verifying that at all stages the Lifting Index (IL) is above the recommended level, some improvement proposals were made to alleviate or eliminate these employee posture problems. All methodologies identified risk levels that require immediate or short-term ergonomic intervention, aiming to guarantee the safety and health of workers who carry out such activity. The implementation of measures designed to eliminate or minimize risk may involve the allocation of significant human and material resources, increasingly necessary for efficient management. Considering the complexity and variability of the tasks developed, it is recommended that such a decision be preceded by a new study using more precise risk assessment methodologies.
Bilme eylemi noktasında belki de en çok kullanılan duyunun görme duyusu olduğu ifade edilebilir. Görsel olanla kurulan ilgi bu bilme eylemini içermektedir. Görsel olan ister bir gösterge, temsil ...ister bir sanat yapıtı olsun bireyle, izleyiciyle direkt bağlamlar oluşturur.
Görsel bir sanat olan sinema içerisinde; mekân, karakter, kurgu, kıyafet, nesne vb. farklı tasarım noktaları barındıran bir organizasyon bütünlüğü sunar. Bu noktada tasarım öğeleri sinema eserinin gerçekliği oluşturan parametrelerine dönüşür.
Bu çalışma tam olarak bu parametrelerden bir tanesi olan nesneyle kimlik ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır. Sinema eseri içerisinde kullanılan tasarlanmış nesnelerin salt olarak bir nesne olmaktan ötesini barındırdıkları fikri bu çalışmayı imkânlı kılmıştır. Eser sahibinin söylemek istediği bazı söylemlerin nesneler üzerinden anlamlandığı anlar tartışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu söylemler gösterge bilimsel analizle irdelenmiştir.
Bu bağlamda ilgili düşüncenin araştırılması için John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’in Yüzüklerin Efendisi serisi çalışmanın temel araştırma alanını oluşturmakta, bu alan içerisinde özellikle kimlik ve karakterle ilişki kuran aynı zamanda beden ve kurguyla uzamlar oluşturan öğeler olarak savaş enstrümanları temel nesneler olarak ele alınmıştır.
Çalışmanın strüktürü; ilgili enstrümanların fonksiyonel, ergonomik, estetik vb. gibi tasarımsal ve sanatsal özelliklerinin kimlik ve karakterle bağdaştırılması aynı zamanda eser içerisindeki söylemlerinin keşfedilmesiyle oluşmaktadır. Sinema ve tasarım ara kesitinde var olan çalışma üretimle temsili, nesneyle kimliği, formla karakteri, olguyla hikâyeyi vb. buluşturan noktalara temas etmektedir. Sonuçta ilgili yapıtlarda var olan tasarlanmış nesnelerin birer kimlik anlatı aracı olduğu, hikâyede var olan bazı kaideleri doldurduğu ortaya konulmuş, sinema ve sinematografik anlatım içerisinde tasarım nesnesinin yeri ve pozisyonu keşfedilmeye çalışılmış, ürün-kimlik bağlamları oluşturulmuştur.
Human factors/ergonomics (HFE) has great potential to contribute to the design of all kinds of systems with people (work systems, product/service systems), but faces challenges in the readiness of ...its market and in the supply of high-quality applications. HFE has a unique combination of three fundamental characteristics: (1) it takes a systems approach (2) it is design driven and (3) it focuses on two closely related outcomes: performance and well-being. In order to contribute to future system design, HFE must demonstrate its value more successfully to the main stakeholders of system design. HFE already has a strong value proposition (mainly well-being) and interactivity with the stakeholder group of 'system actors' (employees and product/service users). However, the value proposition (mainly performance) and relationships with the stakeholder groups of 'system experts' (experts fromtechnical and social sciences involved in system design), and 'system decision makers' (managers and other decision makers involved in system design, purchase, implementation and use), who have a strong power to influence system design, need to be developed. Therefore, the first main strategic direction is to strengthen the demand for high-quality HFE by increasing awareness among powerful stakeholders of the value of high-quality HFE by communicating with stakeholders, by building partnerships and by educating stakeholders. The second main strategic direction is to strengthen the application of high-quality HFE by promoting the education of HFE specialists, by ensuring high-quality standards of HFE applications and HFE specialists, and by promoting HFE research excellence at universities and other organisations. This strategy requires cooperation between the HFE community at large, consisting of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA), local (national and regional) HFE societies, and HFE specialists. We propose a joint world-wide HFE development plan, in which the IEA takes a leadership role.
Practitioner Summary: Human factors/ergonomics (HFE) has much to offer by addressing major business and societal challenges regarding work and product/service systems. HFE potential, however, is underexploited. This paper presents a strategy for the HFE community to strengthen demand and application of high-quality HFE, emphasising its key elements: systems approach, design driven, and performance and well-being goals.
Ergonomics: Definition and Genesis Asmaa Said; Maha Mohamed
The International Journal of Informatics, Media and Communication Technology (Online),
12/2020, Letnik:
2, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study aims to: Identify the science of ergonomics, as it is an interdisciplinary science. It is a science that is not new to the scene but has its origins and roots for a long time, but since ...its emergence, its terms and concepts have varied, and opinions have varied about its name, both according to its specialization, and what can be agreed upon. It is important to people, organizations, and products. Its benefits can not be disputed by two. Its main focus is the human element, as it is that science that aims to serve the human element and save its time and effort in all the work it does. Why not, and the human being is the center of the universe, rather he is the one to whom God Almighty subjugated what is in the universe to serve him
The article listed above, published online on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editors‐in‐Chief, Gavriel Salvendy and Waldemar ...Karwowski, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to evidence indicating that the peer review of this paper was compromised. It is believed that the paper was accepted based on recommendations from reviewers with conflicts of interest. In addition, ISI provided the publisher with evidence of inappropriate manipulation of citations.
PDF
