Encyclopedia of Ethics Becker, Lawrence C; Becker, Charlotte B
2001, 20131018, 2013-10-18, 20010101, Letnik:
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eBook
The editors, working with a team of 325 renowned authorities in the field of ethics, have revised, expanded and updated this classic encyclopedia. Along with the addition of 150 new entries, all of ...the original articles have been newly peer-reviewed and revised, bibliographies have been updated throughout, and the overall design of the work has been enhanced for easier access to cross-references and other reference features. New entries include * Cheating * Dirty hands * Gay ethics * Holocaust * Journalism * Political correctness * and many more.
Critical Reasoning in Ethics is an accessible introduction that will enable students, through practical exercises, to develop their own skills in reasoning about ethical issues such as: * analysing ...and evaluating arguments used in discussions of ethical issues * analysing and evaluating ethical concepts, such as utilitarianism * making decisions on ethical issues * learning how to approach ethical issues in a fair minded way Ethical issues discussed include the arguments about abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, animal rights, the environment and war. The book will be essential reading for philosophy, health, social work and nursing courses.
In the last fifty years, average overall health status has increased more or less in parallel with a much celebrated decline in mortality, attributed mostly to poverty reduction, sanitation, ...nutrition, housing, immunization, and improved medical care. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that these achievements were not equally distributed. In most countries, while some social groups have benefited significantly, the situation of others has stagnated or may even have worsened. If health is a prerequisite to a person functioning as an agent, inequalities in health constitute inequalities in people’s capability to function -- a denial of equality of opportunity. So why should a concern with health equity be singled out from the pursuit of social justice more generally? Can existing theories of justice provide an adequate account of health equity? And what ethical problems arise in evaluating health inequalities? These are some of the important questions that this book addresses in building an interdisciplinary understanding of health equity. With contributions from distinguished philosophers, anthropologists, economists, and public-health specialists, it centres on five major themes: what is health equity?; health equity and social justice; responsibilities for health; ethical issues in health evaluation; and anthropological perspectives.
Rad se temelji na teorijskom i praktičnom prikazu morala, društvenih mreža, etike, utjecaja etike u elektroničkom poslovnom okruženju te istraživanju o korištenju društvenih mreža u poslovanju. Moral ...je skup nepisanih pravila i običaja koji utvrđuju međuljudske odnose i prosuđuju što je dobro, a što zlo. Etika je znanost o moralu koja istražuje smisao i ciljeve ljudskoga ponašanja u skladu s pravilima moralnih načela, dok se poslovna etika odnosi na primjenu etičkih načela u poslovnim odnosima. Poslovna etika se kao posebna znanstvena disciplina može odrediti kao skup moralnih normi o ponašanju prema sociokulturnoj i poslovnoj sredini, prema drugim ljudima s kojima se stupa u poslovni kontakt i prema odlučivanju, dužnostima, obvezama, pravu i odgovornostima, u svim aspektima i sferama poslovanja. Etički kodeks služi kao okvir u poslovanju poduzeća koja smatraju da su ostvarivanje profita i uspješnosti u poslovanju u skladu sa zakonima i propisima. Društvena mreža je vrsta internetskog servisa koji se najčešće javlja u obliku platforme, prozora ili web-stranice. To je internetski prostor, koji služi za međusobno povezivanje korisnika. Danas postoje stotine društvenih mreža, a među najpoznatijima su Facebook, Instagram i Twitter. U radu se razmatraju ključni aspekti etičkoga i neetičkoga poslovanja u elektroničkom okruženju koje je sve češće prisutno u poslovnome svijetu. U ovome radu obrađeno je istraživanje pomoću anketnoga upitnika o problematici etike na društvenim mrežama koje zaposleni ljudi koriste tijekom radnog vremena, a nisu im u opisu radnoga mjesta.
Corruption and honesty become a rare item and hard to find. And the key to the success of a company is their honesty enforced by truly sunggh. This causes the importance of ethics in ...entrepreneurship, so that the application and development of early moral indispensable. Where early childhood is the foundation early in the formation of ethics as a whole, particularly the entrepreneurial ethic. So that habituation and moral development of early childhood, such as: honesty, discipline, confidence, and leadership can be established early on. In the moral development for early childhood needs to be done very carefully. This is because early childhood is children who are in the stage of development of pre-operational concrete, while moral values are concepts that are abstract, so that in this case the children are not able to necessarily accept what is taught by teacher / parent is abstract rapidly. For that "old man" must be clever to choose and determine the methods used to inculcate moral values to children. Ceenderung storytelling method is more widely used, because early childhood is usually happy when listening to stories from parents / teachers. One of the stories that match the entrepreneurial ethic is the paragon of our Prophet Muhammad.
In many situations social workers face the necessity of making a decision. One of the most frequent scenarios of making a choice is the dilemma of whether to intervene or not. The choice itself is ...conditioned on the one hand by the obligation to comply with the relevant legal requirements and on the other by the necessity of respecting ethical values, rules and principles. One often encounters a situation when the legal requirements and ethical conduct appear in mutual contradiction. This essay will deal with the possible concept of the relationship between law and ethics giving examples of dilemmas between 'confidentiality' and the ′informing or reporting obligation′ in the context of Czech social work.
Pharmaceutical production and distribution constitute big business. For the companies the rewards can be substantial. Rates of return on drug company investments tend to be higher than many other ...manufacturing enterprises. But reward is only one side of the story. There is also the issue of social risk, the focus of this article. Social risk for pharmaceutical production is especially pronounced. An ineffective or, worse, dangerous drug, can have dire consequences for the population at large. For this reason, there is elaborate government regulation and oversight of drug safety and risk. These systems, especially in the US and Europe, will be the main focus of this paper. The two systems will be described, and then compared and contrasted in terms of their framing of social risk and actions governments take to limit it. Systems elsewhere, especially in the developing world, are increasing in relative importance and these will be briefly discussed as well. Ethical issues that have arisen in these various systems will be surfaced and analysed. The paper will close with some conclusions and suggestions for further research.
Proizvodnja i distribucija lijekova vrlo je unosan posao. Za djelovanje farmaceutskih tvrtki bitna je dobit. Financijska ulaganja i povrat investicija u farmaceutskoj industriji veći su nego u drugim djelatnostima. Ali profit je samo jedna strana priče. Postoji i veliki društveni rizik, o čemu će biti riječi u ovom članku. Društveni rizik u farmaceutskoj proizvodnji je posebno naglašen. Neučinkoviti, ili još gore, opasni lijekovi, mogu imati pogubne posljedice za cijelo stanovništvo. Zbog toga na državnoj razini postoji regulativa i nadzor nad sigurnosti i rizikom uporabe lijekova. Ti sustavi, posebno sustavi u SAD-u i Europi, u fokusu su ovog članka. Ta su dva nadzorna sustava opisana i uspoređena u svjetlu ograničavanja društvenog rizika i mjera koje vlade poduzimaju kako bi ih ograničile. Drugi sustavi, posebice u zemljama u razvoju, dobivaju sve više na značaju i ukratko su opisani. Prikazani su i analizirani etički principi u drugim sustavima. Rad završava sa zaključcima i prijedlozima za daljnja istraživanja.
Joseph Raz presents a penetrating exploration of the interdependence of value, reason, and the will. These essays illuminate a wide range of questions concerning fundamental aspects of human thought ...and action. Engaging Reason is a summation of many years of original, compelling, and influential work by a major contemporary philosopher.
Palijativna skrb, odnosno medicina sveobuhvatna je aktivna skrb o bolesnicima s uznapredovalom ili neizlječivom bolesti i članovima njihovih obitelji koju pružaju kompetentni multidisciplinarni ...timovi, s ciljem poboljšanja kvalitete života a prema potrebama i zahtjevima pacijenta i obitelji. “Onomu koji odlazi iz života treba posvetiti jednaku pažnju zajednice kao i onomu malenomu ljudskomu biću koje tek ulazi u život”, rekla je jednom prilikom utemeljiteljica palijativne medicine u Hrvatskoj Anica Jušić. Moramo pokušati promijeniti mentalitet naše sredine te ostvariti obrazac u kojem će bolesnik biti u središtu zbivanja. U posljednjih dvadesetak godina palijativna medicina zaokuplja pozornost medicinske struke i poprima rastuću važnost u svijetu prvenstveno jer utjelovljuje koncept skrbi, a ne samo liječenja, razvijajući time opću svijest o važnosti skrbi, osobito kada liječenje više nije moguće. Palijativna medicina kao grana medicine koja proučava i skrbi za bolesnika s progresivnom, uznapredovalom bolesti ograničene prognoze brine se za optimalnu kvalitetu preostaloga života i prihvaćanju umiranja kao prirodnoga događaja, koji zdravstveni djelatnici interdisciplinarno sa psiholozima, socijalnim radnicima, ljekarnicima i duhovnicima trebaju potpomoći usmjeravanjem, preveniranjem komplikacija, ublažavanjem boli i patnje, pomaganjem da umiranje postane manje bolan događaj dostojan svih koji u njemu sudjeluju. Sukladno brojnim kodeksima medicinske etike i deontologije, jedno od najvažnijih obilježja medicinskoga poziva pomoć je i briga (skrb) za pacijenta, poglavito onoga teško bolesnoga i umirućega.
Palliative care/medicine is the comprehensive active care of patients with advanced or incurable diseases and also of the members of their families. It is provided by competent interdisciplinary teams with the aim of improving the quality of life of terminally ill patients in accordance with the needs and requirements of both the patient and his/her family. „One who is leaving this earthly life should be given the same attention by the community as the tiny human being just entering this life, “ said professor Anica Jušić, MD Ph.D. (1), the founder of palliative medicine in Croatia. We must try to change the mindset in our immediate environment and create a pattern of patient–centered care. In the last twenty years, palliative medicine has taken over the medical profession and has gained in importance all over the world. This is due to the fact that it embodies the concept of care and not just treatment, thus generating general awareness of the importance of care, especially when treatment is no longer possible. Palliative medicine as a branch of medicine which studies and cares for patients with progressive, advanced diseases and a limited life expectancy takes care to optimize the quality of life in the limited remaining time and works toward the acceptance of dying as a natural event. Therefore, health professionals need the interdisciplinary support of psychologists, social workers and pharmacists in order to prevent complications by relieving pain and suffering, by helping to make dying a less painful event worthy of all who participate in it. In accordance with the Code of Medical Ethics and Deontology, one of the most important features of a medical vocation is the desire to help and care for a patient, particularly a seriously ill or diseased person.
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