Background/Objectives
Australians are more exposed to higher solar UV radiation levels that accelerate signs of facial ageing than individuals who live in temperate northern countries. The severity ...and course of self‐reported facial ageing among fair‐skinned Australian women were compared with those living in Canada, the UK and the USA.
Methods
Women voluntarily recruited into a proprietary opt‐in survey panel completed an internet‐based questionnaire about their facial ageing. Participants aged 18–75 years compared their features against photonumeric rating scales depicting degrees of severity for forehead, crow's feet and glabellar lines, tear troughs, midface volume loss, nasolabial folds, oral commissures and perioral lines. Data from Caucasian and Asian women with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III were analysed by linear regression for the impact of country (Australia versus Canada, the UK and the USA) on ageing severity for each feature, after controlling for age and race.
Results
Among 1472 women, Australians reported higher rates of change and significantly more severe facial lines (P ≤ 0.040) and volume‐related features like tear troughs and nasolabial folds (P ≤ 0.03) than women from the other countries. More Australians also reported moderate to severe ageing for all features one to two decades earlier than US women.
Conclusions
Australian women reported more severe signs of facial ageing sooner than other women and volume‐related changes up to 20 years earlier than those in the USA, which may suggest that environmental factors also impact volume‐related ageing. These findings have implications for managing their facial aesthetic concerns.
Facial ageing modelling has been an active research topic in the field of anthropology. Considering the fact that ageing is a non-uniform and a non-linear process for different face types (e.g. ...origins, gender etc.), dealing with a reliable face-ageing model may considerably help investigators working in some specific fields such as forensics. Unlike numerous studies dealing with forward or predictive face models, in this study, the authors propose a backward model aiming at estimating childhood face images using their corresponding adult face appearance as an input. For the proposed approach, face contour and different components are modified non-linearly, based on an estimated geometrical model. On the other hand, the face texture is estimated by mapping a reference face texture to the estimated geometrical model. This approach will show that it will be possible to ‘digitally’ rejuvenate an adult person's face down to it being 3–4 years old. For evaluation purposes, a database has been created from 112 subjects. Results have been evaluated using both objective (face recognition system) and subjective (human perception) criteria. The most promising and interesting results will be highlighted further ahead.
Summary An individual’s face undergoes numerous changes throughout life. Since mid-face aesthetic units are key areas for rejuvenation procedures, their comprehensive assessment is essential for the ...development of any aesthetic management plan. Despite the availability of many evaluation criteria for treatment of mid-face ageing, there are discrepancies existing in both assessment and management approaches. The goal of this study was to determine if there are any identifiable profiles of clinical judgements and approaches related to the level of surgeon’s experience. Forty seven standardised non-digital and not altered natural size photographic images of patients’ faces (front and profile) were presented to eight senior board certified plastic surgeons, eight junior non-board certified plastic surgeons and eight plastic surgery residents from an independent program. Surveyed physicians were ‘blinded’ from each other and asked to assess five different major features characterising ageing mid-face. An interclass correlation data analysis was performed and the Cronbach coefficient alpha values were computed for each category. Responses obtained from senior plastic surgeons were consistently characterised by higher Cronbach coefficient alpha values indicating higher concordance. The highest agreement levels were obtained for the assessment of rhytids and jowls across all groups and the lowest agreement levels were obtained for the assessment and recommendation of upper lip management. This study illustrated that discrepancies in clinical assessments and surgical management exist among surgeons involved in the aesthetic surgery of the mid-face ageing. It appears that the level of surgeon’s experience significantly impacts the inter-rater reliability and consensus in assessment and treatment of mid-face ageing. The most senior plastic surgeons’ assessment and recommendations had the highest level of concordance while the junior non-board certified plastic surgeons and the residents group produced variations with less consistency.
Cette thèse a pour objectif de modéliser, par approches biométriques, l’évolution dans le temps du visage humain, en partant de l’âge enfant, jusqu’à un âge adulte. Ces travaux sur le vieillissement ...rentrent dans le cadre des activités de recherche du groupe biométrie du laboratoire LiSSi (UPEC).Comme il est connu, l’évolution des traits dues au vieillissement dépend deplusieurs facteurs intrinsèques ou extrinsèques, dont : la génétique, l’origine ethnique, le mode de vie, etc. En considérons les modèles paramétriques proposés dans cette thèse, nous exploitons entre autres, les similitudes des caractéristiques extraites chez des individus d’une même catégorie d’âge. Ces similitudes sont intégrées dans nos modèles afin de pouvoir estimer l’apparence faciale à un âge spécifique. Contrairement aux nombreuses études traitant les modèles prédictifs de vieillissement facial, cette thèse propose pour la première fois un modèle réversible permettant également le rajeunissement numérique de l’apparence du visage que nous appellerons, modèle de prédiction arrière d’apparence. Quant à la prédiction avant, notre contribution s’est orientée vers la proposition d’un modèle non-linaire paramétrique de vieillissement permettant de prendre en considération les facteurs accélérateurs de vieillissements liés au mode de vie des individus. De manière générale, nous nous sommes intéressés aux conséquences de certaines addictions de type (drogues, alcool,exposition au soleil, etc.), sur le vieillissement prématuré du visage. Par conséquent,nous avons proposé des modèles sensibles à certains de ces facteurs en se basant sur des analyses statistiques. Comme retombés socio-économiques, cette étude a pour objectif de sensibiliser les jeunes personnes par rapport aux dangers liés à la consommation excessives de certaines substances, voire à l’addiction à certaines pratiques.Les études que nous avons menées durant cette thèse, ont nécessité la constitution d’une base de données contenant plus de 1600 images faciales. Cette base de données a permis le développement 30 modèles de visages «Face Templates». Suite à cela, nous avons créé une base de données d’évaluation, appelée «Face Time-Machine (FaceTiM)». Constituée à partir de 120 sujets, cette base de données est mise à disposition des chercheurs afin qu’ils puissent reproduire les résultats que nous avons obtenus, évaluer les performances, et enfin contribuer à l’amélioration des modèles proposés
The main focus of this thesis is to model the evolution trajectory of human face from infancy to senility using the biometrics facial features.The manifestation of facial changes caused by ageing depends on different factors such as genetic, ethnicity and lifestyle. Nevertheless, individuals in the same age group share some facial similarities. These resemblances can be employed to approximate the facial appearance of an individual in the bygone or the forthcoming years.Unlike numerous studies dealing with predictive face ageing models, for the first time, this thesis proposes the first Backward Facial Ageing Model aiming at digitally rejuvenate an adult face appearance down to its early childhood. We also present the Forward Facial Ageing Model to predict the adult face appearance in its future by taking into account the naturalageing trajectory. The main purpose of Forward Facial Ageing Model is to have a base model for the supplementary ageing models such as behavioural models.In this thesis for the first time in face ageing studies, the effects of different lifestyle behaviours are integrated into the facial ageing models. The Behavioural Facial Ageing Models predict the feature of a young face in case of having the high-risk lifestyle habits. The main attempt of these models is to illustrate the adverse effects of unsafe lifestyle behaviourson the senility of the face, aiming to prevent the youth from becoming involved in these habits. The Facial Ageing Modeling Database, contains over 1600 facial images, is collected to construct the models and 30 Face Templates for the purpose of the face ageing studies.Besides, the Face Time-Machine Database from 120 subjects is created and published to testand evaluate the results. For the proposed approach face contour and different components are modified non-linearly based on an estimated geometrical model related to the trajectory of growth or ageing. Moreover, the face texture is adapted by mapping a Face Template to the estimated geometrical model. Then, the effects of each lifestyle habit are set up to the primal predictive model.The evaluations of the results indicate that the proposed models are remarkably accurate to estimate the correct face appearance of an individual in the target age. While the simulated facial images are realistic and have the appearance, geometrical and textural characteristics of the target age, the personal identity and details of the input face images are preserved
In this paper, we developed an automatic system for face ageing and facial expressions modeling using 3D practical faces data. As opposed to previous works, our face ageing system individualized the ...ageing function based on gender and age groups. Facial expressions are modeled by a muscle system which is improved by our new interpolated formula using characteristic parameters for the structure of each face. Our experiments which were performed on a practical training data set with 3D-face in neutral expression of each person at one age have shown that the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed methods in face ageing and face expressions modeling.
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