La estabilidad circulatoria es uno de los propósitos principales durante el acto anestésico-quirúrgico. Por eso, el objetivo propuesto fue determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo ...identificados, con la elevación de la tensión arterial en pacientes normotensos operados en cirugía electiva, bajo anestesia general orotraqueal. Se realizó un estudio de caso-control con n=88 normotensos que fueron operados en el transcurso del año 2018, distribuidos normalmente (p=0,000) en compensados (n=44) y descompensados (n=44). Se analizaron variables: anestésico-quirúrgicas, factores de riesgo (independientes) y variable dependiente: descompensación hemodinámica (dicotómica). Se realizaron pruebas de hipótesis: Kolmogorov–Smirnov (normalidad), ONEWAY (diferencias tensionales entre grupos) y de asociación: Ji-cuadrado, Fisher y Regresión logística (p<0,05) y Odds Ratio (OR>1). Los resultados fueron representados en tablas y gráficos estadísticos y a través del método de análisis y síntesis fueron expresados textualmente. Se concluye que los antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, el tabaquismo, cafeísmo, sedentarismo y el hipercolesterolemia constituyen factores de riesgo de hipertensión arterial, que en la medida que se conjugan se produce una potenciación de sus efectos y se elevan considerablemente los riesgos de los pacientes operados en cirugía electiva, aun cuando estos sean considerados como normotensos en la evaluación preoperatoria y al entrar al salón
One of the important and relevant problems of social psychology is the study of the role of will characteristics as important regulators of risk behavior. It is especially interesting to investigate ...it in such a specific social group as military personnel, whose activities are associated with risk both directly and indirectly. In view of this, the purpose of the research presented in the article is to study changes in volitional determination of risk and rational behavior of the military university students in the process of professional military socialization. As a hypothesis, we suggest that different volitional characteristics mainly determine risk behavior and behavior associated with rationality. The research involves 182 military students (aged M = 20.5; SD = 1.6) of Saratov Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. We used the following techniques to analyze changes in volitional determination of rational and risk behavior: the technique for diagnosing the manifestation of volitional personality traits “Volitional personality traits” (M. V. Chumakov); “Risk-taking” questionnaire (A. M. Schubert); the technique for diagnosing two personality traits – readiness for risk and rationality – as psychological variables reflecting the characteristics of personal regulation of the subject’s choices (such as decision-making) in the broad context of life situations “Personality factors of decision making” (T. V. Kornilova). We revealed the complication of the volitional determination of rational and risk behavior in the process of professional military socialization; we also found major volitional personality traits, that are predictors of readiness for risk and rationality. It is shown that 8% of variations in rational behavior are due to purposefulness and initiative, and 8% of variations in risk behavior are due to persistence. The study of the identified parameters can help in determining the inclination to risk and rationality of military personnel, their influence on behavior in the course of performing service and combat missions and, consequently, on their more effective and high-quality performance.
Introduction: Young people who start the university life face a key stage for the acquisition of habits and lifestyles. The test Course Navette is one of the most used worldwide because of its easy ...measurement, validity, effectiveness and sensitivity in different age ranks. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal study with quantitative approach; with 100 students participating (43 men and 57 women) with an average age of 21.06 ± 2.43 at the University of Santander, Cúcuta. For the development of this research, were obtained measurements anthropometric, hematological, physiological and performance on an empty stomach Leger test. Results: 62% of participants had a BMI of normal weight, 24% overweight and obesity and underweight was 8 and 6% respectively. In turn 32% of men and 17.5% of women have high cardiovascular risk according to abdominal circumference. VO2max. in the Leger test was 32.92 ± 7.12 to 533.80 ± 371.34 meters traveled. Regarding glycemia before the test was 80.99 ± 11.91 and after 105.59 ± 20.89. Conclusion: No significant differences in fat percentage were found (p = 0,863), muscle (p = 0,740) and water (p = 0,804) after Leger test. However, there were significant changes in FC, TAS, TAD, red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, platelets and blood glucose levels (p = 0,000). Regarding the VO2max. (p = 0,597) and travel meters (p = 0,619) no differences were found by gender.
Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y distribución de gingivitis y su relación con factores socioeconómicos, biológicos y locales en niños chilenos de 4 años. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio ...transversal enpreescolares de 4 años que acuden al Hospital de Calbuco, Región de Los Lagos, Chile. La muestra consistió en 102 niños/niñas de 4 años. Un examinador, previamente calibrado, realizó examen odontológico, determinando presencia de placa bacteriana visible, caries dental y sangramiento gingival. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron una prevalencia del 93,1% gingivitis, siendo los sextantes IV y VI los más afectados, con un 90 y 92% de prevalencia respectivamente. Al realizar el análisis de la correlación de gingivitis con otros factores, resultó una correlación positiva con caries y con el nivel de placa bacteriana, por sextante. No hubo correlaciones significativas con género, maloclusión, frecuencia de cepillado y responsable del cepillado. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia encontrada, los sextantes más afectadas y la escasa relación con datos de la anamnesis del niño/niña, deben ser consideradas en la educación que se le entrega al adulto responsable del cepillado, particularmente en la población de nivel socioeconómico bajo, quienes son más susceptible a las enfermedades bucales.
This study was aimed at looking into the microbiological/inflammatory parameters predicting the periodontal success/failure of fixed prostheses. Microbiological and inflammatory patterns were studied ...at 102 sites having metaloceramic crowns in place from 3 to 6 years and divided in healthy sites (HS), gingivitis affected (MG), and periodontitis affected (PB). Total bacterial flora and selected indicator species in subgingival plaque were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The experimental sites showed no significant difference with respect to the age and gender of the patients and to the position of the crown margins. Poor marginal adaptation was significantly higher in MG and PB. The total amounts of bacteria per probing depth showed no significant differences among the three groups and their controls, while both MG and PB sites showed altered patterns in the distribution of specific bacteria. Both MG and PB sites showed significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in GCF. The control teeth of PB subjects showed significantly higher levels of IL-1β as compared to other control sites. Data confirm that the application of metaloceramic crowns is a factor of risk for the development of gingival/periodontal inflammation. This risk is possibly associated with microbiological and host factors that predispose to the onset of periodontal alterations at sites reconstructed with metaloceramic crowns. These factors, once their role is confirmed by longitudinal studies, could be used to set up rapid tests to early predict the onset of periodontal disease at reconstructed sites.
This paper presents a new model of analysis of social vulnerability to natural and technological hazards. The index used in this analysis allows us to structure vulnerability assessment in two ...dimensions: the vulnerabilities of populations and communities (criticality), and territorial vulnerability (support capacity), which reflect the biophysical exposure or vulnerability, social resilience, and infrastructural support capacity. This new social vulnerability index is applied within the territorial system of mainland Portugal, based on the municipal and sub-municipal scale, considering the social resilience of individuals, groups, and communities to extreme events.The obtained results highlight the decisive role of the used scale in the analysis of processes related to social vulnerability. We suggest that mapping the more vulnerable areas and groups, as well as identifying triggering factors, can be a relevant contribution for land-use development and planning programs designed to mitigate territorial risks and vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability science is the multi-disciplinary integration of social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering in understanding those circumstances that place people and places at risk from ...hazards and those factors that enhance or reduce the ability of the population, physical systems, or infrastructure to respond to and recover from environmental threats. To integrate the perspectives requires place-based analyses using geospatial tools and technologies. This paper describes tools and methods for measuring and mapping exposure (termed physical vulnerability); measuring and mapping the sensitivity of populations to hazards (termed social vulnerability); and the intersection of the two to create the place-based analyses. The intersection of physical vulnerability and social vulnerability creates the hazardscape, which in turn helps researchers understand the differential impacts of hazards and disasters on local places and the people who live there.
This paper discusses the bases of theory in the evaluation of social vulnerability to disasters. Vulnerability is shown to be the vital component of risk and the principal element of disaster ...impacts. Perception is a key process in decision making in disasters. It is affected by culture and symbolism, which are analyzed in the context of disaster risk. A model of cultural metamorphosis is used to explain changes and discrepancies in attitudes to disaster and recovery processes. The response to the L’Aquila (central Italy) earthquake of 6 April 2009 is discussed as an illustration of processes of cultural metamorphosis and symbolic interpretation of disasters. The response was influenced by both modern and inherited cultural traits, which can be identified and analyzed in order to explain public reactions to the event. A new model is proposed in which culture and history combine with physical hazards to influence vulnerability.
PDF
