This paper presents the results of experimental measurements aimed at observing the effect of technological parameters (cutting speed vc and feed speed vf ), type of wood (juvenile wood and mature ...wood) andwood species (aspen Populus tremula, L. and hybrid poplar Populus x Euramericana „Serotina“) on cutting power during plane milling of poplar wood. The results showed the reduction of cutting power with the decrease of cutting speed and feed speed. Lower cutting power was also measured in milling hybrid poplar than in milling aspen. The test also confirmed the effect of different anatomical and chemical structure of juvenile wood in relation to mature wood on different physical and mechanical properties of such wood and hence also on the cutting power in processing juvenile wood.
There is increasing interest in producing woody biomass on marginal lands in Iowa, but there is little information about its economic feasibility. To address this issue, a study was initiated in 1995 ...to analyze growth of certain fast-growing tree species, clones of hybrids, and selected clones, which will be referred to as entries, on marginal lands. Three entries, including the “Crandon” clone (Populus alba x Populus grandidentata), the “Eugenii” clone (Populus x canadensis), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum), were established in test plantings on three land types--bottomland, steep slopes, and upland agricultural land--across the state. Trees generally were measured annually. Two types of yield models were developed to predict biomass per hectare over time for the three aforementioned entries. Crandon had the highest rate of biomass production on all land types. Economic analyses were conducted on the three entries, and Crandon produced the highest economic return on all land types.
This manual is mainly intended to provide information to tree plantation planners who are interested in pulping and paper making characteristics of the species considered for planting
The renewed interest in the use of fast-growing tree species is accompanied by concerns about the adverse effects that these trees may have on soil. Four Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) ...provenance trials in Quebec were used to test the hypothesis that a more vigorous growth would not occur at the expense of marginalizing available nutrient pools. On these sites, the provenance showing the greatest overall productivity (high treatment) and the one showing the lowest productivity (low treatment) were studied. The divergence in total aboveground nutrient contents between the high and low treatments was high in all sites (i.e., 161%-209%). Increased nutrient immobilization in trees did not cause any significant soil depletion of available base cations or total N at any site. Moreover, exchangeable Ca concentrations, cation-exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca pools in the forest floor were significantly higher in the high treatment. It is concluded that in the short term, increased nutrient immobilization in trees does not create an apparent depletion of available base cations, perhaps because of a stimulation of soil mineral weathering and (or) a better retention of nutrients by the trees. Also, an effort to simulate mineral weathering using PROFILE showed the need for model improvement for applications at the plot level.
In this study mechanical—biological pre-treated waste material (MBP) was tested for suitability to serve as an alternative surface layer in combination with fast-growing and water-consumptive trees ...for final covers at landfill sites. The aim was to quantify evapotranspiration and seepage losses by numerical model simulations for two sites in Germany. In addition, the leaf area index (LAI) of six tree species over the growing season as the driving parameter for transpiration calculations was determined experimentally. The maximum LAI varied between 3.8 and 6.1 m2 m—2 for poplar and willow clones, respectively. The evapotranspiration calculations revealed that the use of MBP waste material for re-cultivation enhanced evapotranspiration by 40 mm year— 1 (10 %) over an 11 year calculation period compared to a standard mineral soil. Between 82% (for LAImax = 3.8) and 87% (for LAImax = 6.1) of the average annual precipitation (506 mm) could be retained from the surface layer assuming eastern German climate conditions, compared with a retention efficiency between 79 and 82% for a mineral soil. Although a MBP layer in conjunction with water-consumptive trees can reduce vertical water losses as compared to mineral substrates, the effect is not sufficient to meet legal regulations.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the arguments for and against fast-wood platations. It separates fact from fiction, science from speculation, truth from misinformation. ...Environmentalists have frequently exaggerated the malign impact of fast-wood plantations. At the same time plantation companies have underestimated the damage that fast-wood forestry has done, both to the environment and local communities. This book explores in detail the impact of the industry on biodiversity, soil and water resources. It analyses the claims made by plantation companies that fast-wood forestry brings valuable social benefits jobs, infrastructure and wealth--to rural communities. And it assesses the merits--or otherwise--of the subsidies and incentives used by governments and international agencies to encourage the industry. It conludes with a series of recommendations that suggest how the industry could improve its environmental and social performance.
We measured the values for biomass and mean annual biomass increment (MAI) of planted forests in two parts of the Tropical Dry climatic zone (mean annual precipitation MAP 1,000 mm) and in one site ...adjacent to one of the two parts and outside the Tropical Dry climatic zone to provide a comparison value for wet forests in the same region. MAI values of four planted forests averaged 2.60 (+-1.61 SD) Mg/ha/y at a MAP of 637 mm in the central dry zone of Myanmar. The MAI of exotic fast-growing tree species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) did not differ significantly from those of three native non-fast-growing tree species in the central dry zone of Myanmar. MAI values appeared to be lower on land with a high gravel content in the soil or with a higher degree of erosion. In the eastern part of Sumba Island in Indonesia, MAI of planted Tectona grandis L. forest equaled 3.76 Mg/ha/y at a MAP of 500 mm and 4.49 Mg/ha/y at a MAP of 1,500 mm. A Leucaena leucocephala de Wit stand produced a higher MAI (9.62 Mg/ha/y) at a MAP of 500 mm. The MAI values for fast-growing tree species that we measured or collected in the Tropical Dry climatic zone were less than 20% of those recorded in the Tropical Moist and Tropical Wet climatic zones and about one-third the value for forests of non-fast-growing tree species. Accordingly, fast-growing tree species may not be capable of achieving their fast growth rates under the Tropical Dry climate. This information will be useful in developing land-use programs based on plantation forestry in dry forest areas.
The main aim of this review is to assess the suitability of an existing model of fast growing trees to further understand coppiced tree growth and regrowth. A model for coppiced fast-growing trees ...should include processes such as demography, partitioning, senescence, and should deal with carbon, nitrogen and also water relations. A model at the individual tree level instead of the stand level might be considered to take into account these different processes. A demographic approach, non-existent in the actual models, seems to be necessary to simulate the coppice phenomenon as the number of buds, leaves and stems determines the success of regrowth of a coppiced tree.
There are two types of processes of interest for modelling coppiced trees that were found in the existing models, namely partitioning and water relations. But further work should focus on these processes as well as in the below-ground processes, i.e., dynamics of root growth and nutrient and water uptake, and leaf area expansion dynamics. An overall problem in developing a model for coppicing should be to define the adapted level of resolution for modelling the processes because this choice might affect the general accuracy of the model.
It is proposed that a model for coppiced fast-growing trees should be either created or developed from different models that contain the processes of interest.
Management of fast growing trees species for renewable energy to produce electricity and fuel gas Sunis Yodnam(Royal Forest Department, Bangkok (Thailand). Office of Forest Plantation Promotion Division. Private Reforestation) E-mail:sunisyodnam@hotmaill.com; Nikhom Laemsak(Kasetsart University. Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Forestry); Wiwat Hanwonggirawat(Kasetsart University. Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Forestry) ...
2008
Conference Proceeding
Management of Fast Growing Trees Species for Renewable Energy to Produce Electricity and Fuel Gas on Wang Nam Khaio Forestry Student Training Station and local community area of Tambon Udomsub Amphoe ...Wang Nam Khiew Changwat Nakhon Ratchasima has been conducted to establish the patterns of fast growing trees management for renewable energy to produce electricity and fuel gas. Sub topics of this research are as follows: fast growing tree extension in various planting patterns e.g. pure stand planting, mixed stand planting, Agroforestry, tree planting on paddy ridge, windbreak and agricultural boundary and planting on the area around the house and fence. In addition, the success of this project can be used as participatory administration of fast growing tree species for renewable energy to produce electricity and fuel gas and scaling for further strengthening of community economics.
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