Fertility has declined in India during the last few decades because of socio-economic development. Women's empowerment has been identified as an important determinant for demographic change. Tribals ...in India have relatively high fertility because of their traditional socio-cultural practices and poor economic condition. This study aims to examine the role of women's empowerment on fertility behaviour by utilising primary data collected from ten tribal dominated districts of Rajasthan. These tribal communities belong to the Bhils, the Meenas and the Saharias. Results reveal that women's empowerment is negatively associated with fertility behaviour. Women's education, employability, participation in decision-making, exposure to media and spousal communication bear significant impact on fertility behaviour. This study may have some implications for future studies and policy makers for regulating fertility.
We aimed to determine the factors that increase the risk of HRFB in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age 15-49 years.
The study utilised the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) ...2017-18 dataset. The Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the relationships between the outcome and the independent variables, while multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants associated with HRFB.
Overall 67.7% women had HRFB among them 45.6% were at single risk and 22.1% were at multiple high-risks. Women's age (35-49 years: AOR = 6.42 95% CI 3.95-10.42), who were Muslims(AOR = 5.52, 95% CI 2.25-13.52), having normal childbirth (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.69), having unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 10.79, 95% CI 5.67-18.64) and not using any contraceptive methods (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.81) were significantly associated with increasing risk of having HRFB. Alternatively, women and their partners' higher education were associated with reducing HRFB.
A significant proportion of Bangladeshi women had high-risk fertility behaviour which is quite alarming. Therefore, the public health policy makers in Bangladesh should emphasis on this issue and design appropriate interventions to reduce the maternal HRFB.
This study aimed to investigate fertility behaviours and contraceptive use among Syrian migrant women in western Turkey.
An epidemiological, single-centre, cross-sectional, descriptive study was ...conducted. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and types of marriage, use of contraceptive methods and fertility behaviours among 223 Syrian migrant women.
The women's mean (± standard deviation) age range was 29.6 ± 9.1 (range 18-49) years; 29.6% had no formal marriage status; 61.0% had had an arranged marriage. The mean age at first pregnancy was 19.5 ± 3.4 (13-39) years; 26.4% had become pregnant before the age of 18. In total, 94.2% of participants had knowledge of contraceptive methods. However, 47.5% did not use contraception and the main reason for this was to become pregnant again. Intrauterine devices and oral contraceptive pills were known as contraceptive methods by 67.7% and 72.2% of women, but used by only 16.1% and 8.5%, respectively. Withdrawal (22.0%) was the most used contraceptive method. There was a risk of unwanted pregnancy in 13.0% of participants. Arranged marriage and low educational level were determined to be risk factors for adolescent pregnancy.
Although Syrian migrant women were aware of contraceptive methods, the rate of method use was low.
Speeding up for a son in Turkey Robitaille, Marie-Claire; Aydede, Yigit
Revue canadienne d'études du développement,
07/2023, Letnik:
44, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Son preference is known to influence fertility decisions, but very little is known about the prevalence of son preference in Turkey and its consequences for fertility behaviours. We use data from ...five waves of the Demographic and Health Survey and the Survey on Income and Living Conditions to show that son preference results in differential stopping behaviours and shorter birth spacing. Despite many public reforms promoting gender equality in Turkey, women and children are put at risk in the quest for a son. This result holds in all regions, in both urban and rural areas, and across the socio-economic spectrum.
Son preference predominates in China, yet there are patterned exceptions to this rule. In this paper, we test whether lineality (patrilineal versus matrilineal inheritance and descent) is associated ...with son versus daughter preference among the ethnic Mosuo (Na) of Southwest China. Our results show (i) an increased probability of continued fertility among matrilineal women after having a son compared with a daughter and (ii) an increased probability of continued fertility among patrilineal women after having a daughter compared with a son. These results are consistent with son preference among patrilineal Mosuo and more muted daughter preference among the matrilineal Mosuo. Furthermore, we show (iii) the lowest probability of continued fertility at parity 2 once women have one daughter and one son across both systems, suggesting that preferences for at least one of each sex exist alongside preferences for the lineal sex. The Mosuo are the only known small-scale society in which two kinship systems distinguish sub-groups with many otherwise shared cultural characteristics. We discuss why this, in conjunction with differences in subsistence, may shed light on the evolutionary underpinnings of offspring sex preferences.
This study aims to empirically test the effects of various housing options, which include renting, owning, living with parents/siblings, living in houses bought by parents and living in staff ...housing, on fertility decisions of families. This study uses micro-data obtained from the Taiwanese Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) surveys for the period from 1999 to 2007 to empirically test three hypotheses relating housing options to childbearing decisions. Using families living in rented houses as the control group, we find that homeowners have their first child at an older age, and families living with their parents or sibling become parents at a younger age. The results are robust and consistent after controlling for the district fixed effects and the marriage year fixed effects. We test the housing price shocks on the childbearing decisions for families who were married or bought houses during or after the housing boom period in 1987, and find that the asymmetric housing price effects on fertility decisions are correlated with the marriage event, but not the house purchase event.
Births in avoidable high-risk contexts defined by the interplay of sub-optimal childbearing age, short spacing, and first and high birth order incur elevated risks of childhood death. However, the ...extent of disparities in risks of dying in infancy vis-à-vis the continuum of non-high-risk and (un)avoidable high-risk attributes at birth as determined by mother's age at childbirth, child spacing, and birth order characteristics is yet to be adequately explored in Nigeria as elsewhere. To fill this gap, chi-square association test and Cox's proportional hazards regression were used to analyze data of 31,260 nationally representative children aged 0-59 months drawn from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Disparities in infant mortality risks were mainly examined across the spectrum of birth-related risk attributes at birth broadly categorized as no extra high-risk, unavoidable first-order risk and combined avoidable high-risk. The risks of dying in infancy differed significantly by risk attributes to the extent dictated by other confounders. Also, infant mortality risks varied significantly by all moderating factors excluding religion, water source, toilet type and place of delivery. Interventions targeted at reducing avoidable high-risk fertility rate and strengthening health system to provide life-saving care to most-at-risk children would engender rapid improvement in infant survival.
Les naissances dans des contextes à risque élevé évitables, définies par l'interaction d'un âge de procréation sous-optimal, d'un espacement réduit, et du premier rang de naissance élevé, entraînaient des risques élevés de mortalité infantile. Toutefois, l'ampleur des disparités en matière de risque de décès dans la petite enfance par rapport au continuum d'attributs à haut risque non haut risque et (in) évitables haut risques à la naissance, déterminée par l'âge de la mère à la naissance, l'espacement des naissances et le rang de naissance les caractéristiques n'a pas encore été explorée de manière adéquate au Nigeria comme ailleurs. Pour combler cette lacune, le test d'association du khi-deux et la régression des hasards proportionnels de Cox ont été utilisés pour analyser les données de 31 260 enfants représentatifs au niveau national, âgés de 0 à 59 mois tirés de l'enquête démographique et de santé réalisée en 2013 au Nigéria. Les disparités dans les risques de mortalité infantile ont été principalement examinées à travers le spectre d'attributs de risque liés à la naissance, généralement classées dans la catégorie comme pas de haut risque supplémentaire, à très haut risque, risque inévitable de premier ordre et le haut évitable combiné. Les risques de mourir dans la petite enfance différaient considérablement par les attributs de risque dans la mesure dictée par d'autres facteurs de confusion. En outre, les risques de mortalité infantile variaient de manière significative en fonction de tous les facteurs modérateurs, à l'exclusion de la religion, de la source d'eau, du type de toilette et du lieu de livraison. Les interventions visant à réduire le taux de fécondité évitable à haut risque et à renforcer le système de santé afin de fournir des soins vitaux aux enfants les plus exposés, engendreraient une amélioration rapide de la survie des nourrissons.
Context/Background: Given the current socio-economic conditions of the Nigerian nation-state, it is logical to say that the resources needed to cater for its ever-growing population are limited and ...the trend has moved the nation to adopt an anti-natalist policy. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the influence of family structure, as an intergenerational factor, on fertility behavior in South-Western Nigeria and thus, this study investigates the association between family structure and fertility behaviour in Lagos.Data Sources and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 185 married undergraduates of the Distance Learning Institute at the University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and simple random sampling was employed in selecting the respondents.Findings: The study revealed that the size of an individual's family of orientation (O.R. = 1.22) and income (O.R. = 1.40) are predictors of the individual's fertility and fertility preference.Conclusion: Attention should be given to the socio-economic factors that shape fertility behaviour and the immediate and unmet need for contraception among couples.
Various fields of research increasingly use the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database because of its large country coverage, the availability of harmonized ...socioeconomic measures, and the possibility of merging partners. Its measures of the number of children risk being biased, however, because the questionnaire does not directly ask about the number of children ever born to a woman or man, and only those children who live in the parental household are observed. These limitations are problematic not only for demographic but also for socioeconomic analysis because family size and fertility behaviour are important determinants of income and living conditions. To raise awareness of this issue, we analyse the quality of the measure of the number of children in EU-SILC. For ten countries, we first quantify the bias in the reported number of children, distinguishing fertility measures by age and birth order. We then identify the socioeconomic profiles that are most subject to biased measures.
Les données des statistiques de l’Union européenne sur le revenu et les conditions de vie (EU-SILC) sont de plus en plus utilisées dans différents domaines de recherche en raison du grand nombre de pays couverts, des indicateurs socioéconomiques harmonisés disponibles et de la possibilité de les comparer, voire de les fusionner, à d’autres données. Toutefois, les mesures issues d’EU-SILC peuvent être faussées, car l’enquête ne pose pas la question du nombre total d’enfants d’une femme ou d’un homme, y compris ceux décédés, et parce que seuls les enfants vivant avec les parents sont comptabilisés. Ce n’est pas sans inconvénient pour l’analyse démographique comme pour l’analyse socioéconomique, car la taille des familles et les comportements en termes de fécondité sont des déterminants importants du revenu et des conditions de vie. Afin de sensibiliser les utilisateurs à cette question, cet article propose une analyse détaillée de la qualité des mesures du nombre d’enfants dans EU-SILC. Il s’agit tout d’abord de quantifier, pour 10 pays, le biais caractérisant le nombre d’enfants déclarés en distinguant les mesures de la fécondité selon l’âge et le rang de naissance, puis d’identifier les profils socioéconomiques les plus fortement associés à ce risque de biais.
La base de datos estadísticos de la Unión Europea sobre la renta y las condiciones de vida (EU-SILC) es cada vez más utilizada a causa del gran número de países cubiertos, de las medidas armonizadas que provee y de la posibilidad de comparación e incluso de fusión con otros datos. Sin embargo, las medidas que da EU-SILC pueden ser erróneas pues la encuesta no pregunta directamente sobre el número de hijos de una mujer o de un hombre, y solo contabiliza los niños viviendo con los padres en el hogar. Ello acarrea inconvenientes no solo para el análisis demográfico sino también para el análisis económico, pues el tamaño de las familias y el comportamiento reproductivo son determinantes importantes de la renta y de las condiciones de vida. Afín de sensibilizar a los utilizadores sobre esta cuestión, se propone aquí un análisis detallado de la calidad de las medidas del número de niños en EU-SILC. Se trata primero de cuantificar, para diez países, el sesgo que caracteriza el número de hijos declarados, distinguiendo las medidas de fecundidad según la edad y el rango de nacimiento, y después identificar los perfiles socio-económicos para los cuales el riesgo de sesgo es el más importante.
Sustaining declines in fertility have increasingly become an alarming issue in most of the world economies. Many governments have been making enormous efforts to alleviate such intertwined problems ...as falling fertility and soaring elderly dependency. What really makes fertility rates fall? Does housing price have a role (as many argue)? Most researchers addressed this issue from a demographic perspective, but have yet to fully unravel the mystery of human fertility behaviour. The paper aims to investigate the novel linkages between birth rate, housing price and elderly dependency, with the case of Hong Kong. It employs two key methods: (i) the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to co-integration procedure and (ii) Granger causality, to disentangle the complicated relationships, long-run and short-run. The empirical results show that a 1 percent increase in housing prices and elderly leads to 0.52% and 1.65% decreases in birth rate respectively. Besides, both housing price and elderly dependency Granger cause birth rate in the long-run. Our findings not only shed light on fertility behaviour, but also provide implications for policy change. That is particularly relevant to those economies whose low fertility situations need to be ameliorated.
► A 1% increase in housing prices leads to 0.52% decreases in birth rate. ► A 1% increase in elderly dependency rate leads to 1.65% decreases in birth rate. ► Both housing price and elderly dependency Granger cause birth rate in the long-run.
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