This research aimed at obtaining new derivatives of pregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (Δsup.1-progesterone) (2) through microbiological transformation. For the role of catalysts, we used six strains of ...entomopathogenic filamentous fungi (Beauveria bassiana KCh J1.5, Beauveria caledonica KCh J3.3, Isaria fumosorosea KCh J2, Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1, Isaria tenuipes MU35, and Metarhizium robertsii MU4). The substrate (2) was obtained by carrying out an enzymatic 1,2-dehydrogenation on an increased scale (3.5 g/L) using a recombinant cholest-4-en-3-one Δsup.1-dehydrogenase (AcmB) from Sterolibacterium denitrificans. All selected strains were characterized by the high biotransformation capacity for the used substrate. As a result of the biotransformation, six steroid derivatives were obtained: 11α-hydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (3), 6β,11α-dihydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (4), 6β-hydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione (5), 6β,17α-dihydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (6), 6β,17β-dihydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one (7), and 12β,17α-dihydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (8). The results show evident variability of the biotransformation process between strains of the tested biocatalysts from different species described as entomopathogenic filamentous fungi. The obtained products were tested in silico using cheminformatics tools for their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, proving their potentially high biological activities. This study showed that the obtained compounds may have applications as effective inhibitors of testosterone 17β-dehydrogenase. Most of the obtained products should, also with a high probability, find potential uses as androgen antagonists, a prostate as well as menopausal disorders treatment. They should also demonstrate immunosuppressive, erythropoiesis-stimulating, and anti-inflammatory properties.
•Mixtures of agro-industrial wastes improved SSF performing.•Solid state fermentation increased the antioxidant activity 2.3-fold.•Maximum antioxidant activity was achieved in 2 days of ...fermentation.•Brewery spent grain was the best substrate for lignocellulolytic enzymes production.
Agro-food industries face the challenge of re-using their wastes following the circular economy concept. The co-bioprocessing of wastes produced by different agro-food industries located in the same region can be a suitable strategy for the valorization of these wastes. This work evaluated the use of mixtures of wastes from wineries, olive mill and breweries to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and antioxidant compounds by Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The SSF of a mixture of brewery spent grain with crude and exhausted olive pomace led to the highest values of enzymatic activity (xylanase, 837 U/g, cellulase, 87 U/g; β-glucosidase, 254 U/g), being higher than enzymes activities per mass of total substrates. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved after 1 day of fermentation, being 2.3-fold higher in comparison to the unfermented wastes. SSF allowed the co-management of agro-industrial wastes from different industries.
•Color can be considered the first sensory attribute behind the choice of a product.•Microbial colorants have gained attention in the market to replace the synthetic ones.•Recovery of intracellular ...colorants using alternative cell disruption method.•Ionic Liquid was able to recover red intracellular colorants.
Recent environmental and health concerns have been pushing the society for the consumption of natural and sustainable products, as for example, the use of natural colorants as additives to impart color. Talaromyces amestolkiae are natural producers of red colorants at both extracellular and cell-bond state, so are very important for the dye industry. T. amestolkiae cells are constituted by a complex and rigid cell wall structure, which contain a major fraction of the total colorants content. The use of environmentally friendly, biocompatible and high-efficiency cell disruption procedures is thus critical for the recovery of the intracellular colorants. An alternative approach using imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) was applied to recover the intracellular colorants from T. amestolkiae fungi. First, the cell disruption ability of a series 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ILs (CnmimCl) aqueous solutions was determined, assessing both the effect of increasing cationic alkyl chain length (n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10) and IL concentration (30% and 45% w/v). C4mimCl showed the highest extraction ability to recover red, orange and yellow colorants. In the second part, the extraction ability of C4mimCl (at 45% w/v in water) was improved, by combining the IL solution chemical treatment with a mechanical (ultrasound-temperature-assisted) cell disrupting method. At this point, the incubation time (at 60 °C and 150 rpm) after sonication, number sonication pulses (5 min ON) and re-extraction effects were screened as parameters for increasing the cell disruption. The mechanical-assisted method allowed an increase of almost 3-fold in the extractive performance of C4mimCl solution, achieving a maximum recovery of 76.07 UA490nm/mL of red colorants. The results demonstrate the potential of C4mimCl solution as chemical cell-disrupting aid in ultrasound-temperature-based methods to improve the recovery of intracellular colorants from complex filamentous fungi cells.
Display omitted
•The synergistic effects of algae and fungi greatly enhanced the pollutants removal.•The protein and lipid yield were significantly improved in the co-culture process.•Simultaneous ...culture and harvesting of cells was achieved in an integrated process.
A novel method of one-step co-cultivation and harvesting of microalgae and fungi, for efficient starch wastewater treatment and high-value biomass production was developed. By combination of Aspergillus oryzae and Chlorella pyrenoidosa, nutrients in wastewater could be converted to useful microbial biomass, while the wastewater was purified. Moreover, the microalgae C. pyrenoidosa could gradually be encapsulated in fungal pellets which promoted the biomass harvesting. The free algal cells could be completely harvested by fungal pellets within 72 h. The synergistic effects between them greatly improved the removal efficiencies of main pollutants as the removal efficiency of COD, TN, and TP reached 92.08, 83.56, and 96.58 %, respectively. In addition, the final biomass concentration was higher than that of individual cultures. The protein and lipid concentration was also significantly improved and reached 1.92 and 0.99 g/L, respectively. This study provides a simple and efficient strategy for simultaneous wastewater treatment and high-value biomass production.
Progressive lung injury in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients can lead to chronic colonization with bacteria and fungi. Fungal colonization is obtained from the environment which necessitates locally ...performed epidemiology studies. We prospectively analyzed respiratory samples of CF patients during a 3-year period, using a uniform fungal culture protocol, focusing on filamentous fungi and azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Over a 3-year period, all respiratory specimens collected from CF patients in 5 Dutch CF centers, were analyzed. Samples were inoculated onto the fungal culture media Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Medium B+. All fungal isolates were collected and identified in one centre, using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, rDNA PCR and ITS, calmodulin and β-tubulin sequencing. Azole resistance was assessed for all A. fumigatus using a qPCR assay followed by phenotypic confirmation.
Filamentous fungi were recovered from 699 patients from at least one respiratory sample, corresponding with 3787 cultured fungal species. A. fumigatus was cultured most often with a mean prevalence of 31.7%, followed by Penicillium species (12.6%), non-fumigatus Aspergillus species (5.6%), Scedosporium species (4.5%) and Exophiala dermatitidis and Cladosporium species (1.1% each). In total 107 different fungal species were identified, with 39 Penicillium species and 15 Aspergillus species. Azole resistance frequency in A. fumigatus was 7.1%, with TR34/L98H being the dominant resistance mechanism.
A vast diversity of filamentous fungi was demonstrated, dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. We observed a mean azole resistance prevalence of 7.1% of A. fumigatus culture positive patients.
Display omitted
Microbial lipids, also known as single-cell oils (SCOs), are highly attractive feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their fast production rates, minimal labor requirements, independence from ...seasonal and climatic changes, and ease of scale-up for industrial processing. Among the SCO producers, the less explored filamentous fungi (molds) exhibit desirable features such as a repertoire of hydrolyzing enzymes and a unique pellet morphology that facilitates downstream harvesting. Although several oleaginous filamentous fungi have been identified and explored for SCO production, high production costs and technical difficulties still make the process less attractive compared to conventional lipid sources for biodiesel production. This review aims to highlight the ability of filamentous fungi to hydrolyze various organic wastes for SCO production and explore current strategies to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the SCO production and recovery process. The review also highlights the mechanisms and components governing lipogenic pathways, which can inform the rational designs of processing conditions and metabolic engineering efforts for increasing the quality and accumulation of lipids in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we describe other process integration strategies such as the co-production with hydrogen using advanced fermentation processes as a step toward a biorefinery process. These innovative approaches allow for integrating upstream and downstream processing units, thus resulting in an efficient and cost-effective method of simultaneous SCO production and utilization for biodiesel production.
Regulated Forms of Cell Death in Fungi Gonçalves, A Pedro; Heller, Jens; Daskalov, Asen ...
Frontiers in microbiology,
09/2017, Letnik:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cell death occurs in all domains of life. While some cells die in an uncontrolled way due to exposure to external cues, other cells die in a regulated manner as part of a genetically encoded ...developmental program. Like other eukaryotic species, fungi undergo programmed cell death (PCD) in response to various triggers. For example, exposure to external stress conditions can activate PCD pathways in fungi. Calcium redistribution between the extracellular space, the cytoplasm and intracellular storage organelles appears to be pivotal for this kind of cell death. PCD is also part of the fungal life cycle, in which it occurs during sexual and asexual reproduction, aging, and as part of development associated with infection in phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, a fungal non-self-recognition mechanism termed heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) also involves PCD. Some of the molecular players mediating PCD during HI show remarkable similarities to major constituents involved in innate immunity in metazoans and plants. In this review we discuss recent research on fungal PCD mechanisms in comparison to more characterized mechanisms in metazoans. We highlight the role of PCD in fungi in response to exogenic compounds, fungal development and non-self-recognition processes and discuss identified intracellular signaling pathways and molecules that regulate fungal PCD.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based species identification has found its place in many clinical routine diagnostic laboratories over the ...past years, allowing significantly reduced turnaround times and high-precision results. With regard to MALDI-TOF MS for filamentous fungi, here, we discuss different approaches for sample processing and growth conditions before analysis. In particular, we review the performances of different commercially available databases as well as the potential of complementary (self-constructed) in-house databases.
Filamentous fungi are widely used for producing cellulolytic enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. Microbial resources from Tibet have received great attention due to the unique geographic and ...climatic conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, studies on cellulase producing fungal strains originated from Tibet remain very limited, and so far no studies have been focused on regulation of cellulase production of the specific strains thereof. Here, filamentous fungal strains were isolated from soil, plant, and other environments in Tibet, and cellulase-producing strains were further investigated. A total of 88 filamentous fungal strains were identified, and screening of cellulase-producing fungi revealed that 16 strains affiliated with the genera
Penicillium
,
Trichoderma
,
Aspergillus
, and
Talaromyces
exhibited varying cellulolytic activities. Among these strains,
T. harzianum
isolate LZ117 is the most potent producer. Comparative transcriptome analysis using
T. harzianum
LZ117 and the control strain
T. harzianum
K223452 cultured on cellulose indicated an intensive modulation of gene transcription related to protein synthesis and quality control. Furthermore, transcription of
xyr1
which encodes the global transcriptional activator for cellulase expression was significantly up-regulated. Transcription of
cre1
and other predicted repressors controlling cellulase gene expression was decreased in
T. harzianum
LZ117, which may contribute to enhancing formation of primary cellulases. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the transcription landscape at the early enzyme production stage of
T. harzianum
was comprehensively described, and detailed analysis on modulation of transporters, regulatory proteins as well as protein synthesis and processing was presented. Our study contributes to increasing the catalog of publicly available transcriptome data from
T. harzianum
, and provides useful clues for unraveling the biotechnological potential of this species for lignocellulosic biorefinery.
PDF
