Abstract Objectives The current format of summary of findings (SoFs) tables for presenting effect estimates and associated quality of evidence improve understanding and assist users finding key ...information in systematic reviews. Users of SoF tables have demanded alternative formats to express findings from systematic reviews. Study Design and Setting We conducted a randomized controlled trial among systematic review users to compare the relative merits of a new format with the current formats of SoF tables regarding understanding, accessibility of information, satisfaction, and preference. Our primary goal was to show that the new format is not inferior to the current format. Results Of 390 potentially eligible subjects, 290 were randomized. Of seven items testing understanding, three showed similar results, two showed small differences favoring the new format, and two (understanding risk difference and quality of the evidence associated with a treatment effect) showed large differences favoring the new format 63% (95% confidence interval {CI}: 55, 71) and 62% (95% CI: 52, 71) more correct answers, respectively. Respondents rated information in the alternative format as more accessible overall and preferred the new format over the current format. Conclusions While providing at least similar levels of understanding for some items and increased understanding for others, users prefer the new format of SoF tables.
In this article, we present a discrete and real-time capable dynamic behavioral model of the turn- on switching transition of high-voltage and high-current silicon carbide (SiC) ...metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor ( mosfet ) half-bridge power modules. The dynamic switching model utilizes the Shichman and Hodges equations using voltage-dependent nonlinear device capacitances and module electrical parameters to obtain an accurate dynamic model of the device switching transients. The key device states that gate-source voltage, drain current, and drain-source voltage are modeled. This article investigates the impact of correct device capacitance modeling with low off -state gate-source voltage values, impacting the device capacitances and causes gate-voltage hysteresis effects. It has been shown that the presented discrete-time dynamic switching model accurately describes the turn- on transient and the results highlight the importance of correct capacitance and threshold voltage characterization data. The modeling results are compared with experimental measurements conducted in a 3.3 kV/750 A SiC mosfet power module. The model exhibits an average accuracy of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{{\sim}} 4\%</tex-math></inline-formula> for turn- on energy and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\sim} 1.3\%</tex-math></inline-formula> for the turn- on time compared with measurements. These models are valuable for rapid and cost effective design and validation of advanced gate-driver circuits and for determining key design and operating parameters, such as dead time, switching frequency, and switching losses.
In this article, I focus on the design of stories as a specific feature, integrated into the spatial architecture of platform affordances (i.e. on Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, Weibo. I argue for ...the need to interrogate such stories as curated, socio-technical formats, that is, as recogniseable and normative co-patternings of media-afforded ways of telling & types of teller. I show a methodological and analytical way of doing so, underpinned by a technographic perspective to stories that tracks media affordances, discourses about stories as features and communicative practices. I illustrate this approach with reference to three directives (cf. Preferential conditions, prompts) to users that my analysis attested to (Georgakopoulou, 2019; Georgakopoulou et al., 2020). These directives shape the types of stories told (i.e. sharing life-in-the-moment), the audience's mode of engagement in them (i.e. quantified viewing) and the tellers' self-presentation (i.e. authenticity). I specifically focus on the first directive of sharing-life-in-the-moment and consider its implications for the kinds of (in)visibilities of specific types of tellings, tales and tellers that has the potential to create. This line of inquiry, I suggest programmatically, can be productively integrated into critical digital literacies work and, subsequently, feed into discussions with (language) education and other non-academic stakeholders.
Efficient communication is crucial to Distributed Machine Learning (DML). In this work, we propose an approach jointing Data Formatting and Sparsification (DFS) to optimize the communication in DML ...systems based on the parameter server framework. By doing so, we can reduce the time to transmit (aggregated) gradients between the parameter server and workers, and consequently the time to complete training jobs. More specifically, in DFS, every worker first tries to derive as many blocks with all-zero gradients as possible via sparsification, and transmits gradients block by block in a streaming fashion. By skipping blocks with all-zero gradients, we can reduce the communication cost for gradient transmission. Different from previous works on optimizing the communication in DML systems, DFS has three distinct features: (i). it dynamically determines the gradient block size; (ii). it takes into consideration both the data transfer from workers to the parameter server and that from the parameter server to workers; and (iii). it jointly optimizes the data formatting and sparsification. In other words, it performs sparsification in the way that helps form more (or larger) all-zero blocks and save more communication cost. By implementing DFS on a real testbed, we find that it can reduce the time to train a ResNet-18 model by 74.12%. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that DFS outperforms the state-of-the-art technique, i.e., OmniReduce (Fei et al., 2021), by up to 87.17% in terms of reducing communication cost in DML systems.
Self-regulation of learning (SRL) is considered a vital skill in education, empowering students to control their learning process across multiple subjects. However, students often lack SRL abilities, ...which might impact their academic performance. One strategy to mitigate this problem is supporting students to assist their regulatory processes. Despite positive results in other subjects, how this support influences programming learning still needs further evidence. This study aims to contribute to this field by examining how the provision of SRL support influences students' programming performance and code development. The following research questions were established: RQ1) How does the programming performance of the group that received SRL support compare to that of the control group without support? RQ2) Do students receiving SRL support commit fewer programming errors than the control group without support? RQ3) Do students receiving SRL support maintain a more consistent learning routine than the control group without support? RQ4) What is the relationship between SRL abilities, programming performance, error commitment, and learning routine? To achieve this objective, a single-blind randomized experiment was conducted, and students were grouped into two experimental conditions, one receiving SRL support and a control group without support. Forty-nine students enrolled in an online introductory programming course participated in this study. The findings revealed that students who received SRL support achieved superior course grades, highlighting the benefit of this type of intervention. At the same time, the influence of SRL support and SRL abilities on programming error commitment is still unclear. Possibilities for future research to expand knowledge about the influence of SRL on code develonment are discussed.
Plant phenotypic data shrouds a wealth of information which, when accurately analysed and linked to other data types, brings to light the knowledge about the mechanisms of life. As phenotyping is a ...field of research comprising manifold, diverse and time-consuming experiments, the findings can be fostered by reusing and combining existing datasets. Their correct interpretation, and thus replicability, comparability and interoperability, is possible provided that the collected observations are equipped with an adequate set of metadata. So far there have been no common standards governing phenotypic data description, which hampered data exchange and reuse.
In this paper we propose the guidelines for proper handling of the information about plant phenotyping experiments, in terms of both the recommended content of the description and its formatting. We provide a document called "Minimum Information About a Plant Phenotyping Experiment", which specifies what information about each experiment should be given, and a Phenotyping Configuration for the ISA-Tab format, which allows to practically organise this information within a dataset. We provide examples of ISA-Tab-formatted phenotypic data, and a general description of a few systems where the recommendations have been implemented.
Acceptance of the rules described in this paper by the plant phenotyping community will help to achieve findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data.
In the competitive arena of academic publishing, facing rejection can be disheartening for scholars striving for recognition and impact. In this editorial, we delve into the process of article ...writing in sales and marketing journals, with a particular focus on personal selling and sales management. We offer insights to help authors navigate the path to publication success. From articulating abstracts that attract readers to framing findings with finesse, each section of this editorial is designed to provide scholars with the tools and techniques necessary to enhance the quality and acceptance rate of their submissions. Drawing on our combined experiences as managing and senior editors, we provide actionable advice and practical strategies to address the challenges encountered in the peer-review process. By illuminating the nuances of manuscript preparation and submission, this editorial provides a step-by-step guide for academics seeking to elevate their scholarly contributions and minimize the sting of rejection.
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