The classical Internet has confronted many drawbacks in terms of network security, scalability, and performance, although it has strongly influenced the development and evolution of diverse network ...technologies, applications, and services. Therefore, new innovative research on the Future Internet has been performed to resolve the inherent weaknesses of the traditional Internet, which, in turn, requires new at-scale network testbeds and research infrastructure for large-scale experiments. In this context, K-GENI has been developed as an international programmable Future Internet testbed in the GENI spiral-2 program, and it has been operational between the USA (GENI) and Korea (KREONET) since 2010. The K-GENI testbed and the related collaborative efforts will be introduced with two major topics in this paper: (1) the design and deployment of the K-GENI testbed and (2) the federated meta operations between the K-GENI and GENI testbeds. Regarding the second topic in particular, we will describe how meta operations are federated across K-GENI between GMOC (GENI Meta Operations Center) and DvNOC (Distributed virtual Network Operations Center on KREONET/K-GENI), which is the first trial of an international experiment on the federated network operations over GENI.
Feature selection is an essential pre-processing step in data mining. It aims at identifying the highly predictive feature subset out of a large set of candidate features. Several approaches for ...feature selection have been proposed in the literature. Random Forests (RF) are among the most used machine learning algorithms not just for their excellent prediction accuracy but also for their ability to select informative variables with their associated variable importance measures. Sometimes RF model over-fits on noisy features, which lead to choosing the noisy features as the informative variables and eliminating the significant ones. Whereas, eliminating and preventing those noisy features first, the low ranked features may become more important. In this study we propose a new variant of RF that provides unbiased variable selection where a noisy feature trick is used to address this problem. First, we add a noisy feature to a dataset. Second, the noisy feature is used as a stopping criterion. If the noisy feature is selected as the best splitting feature, then we stop the creation process because at this level, the model starts to over-fit on the noisy features. Finally, the best subset of features is selected out of the best-ranked feature regarding the Geni impurity of this new variant of RF. To test the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compare it with RF variable importance measure using eleven benchmarking datasets.
Networking research funding agencies in USA, Europe, Japan, and other countries are encouraging research on revolutionary networking architectures that may or may not be bound by the restrictions of ...the current TCP/IP based Internet. We present a comprehensive survey of such research projects and activities. The topics covered include various testbeds for experimentations for new architectures, new security mechanisms, content delivery mechanisms, management and control frameworks, service architectures, and routing mechanisms. Delay/disruption tolerant networks which allow communications even when complete end-to-end path is not available are also discussed.
Amaç: Biyotinidaz eksikliği, biyotinidaz üretiminden sorumlu biyotinidaz (BTD) genindeki patojenik mutasyonların neden olduğu, geç başlangıçlı biyotine duyarlı multipl karboksilaz eksikliği olarak da ...bilinen otozomal resesif geçişli bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada biyotinidaz eksikliği nedeniyle başvuran hastaların klinik bulgularının ve BTD geni moleküler analizi sonuçlarının literatür eşliğinde sunulması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Topuk kanı taramasında pozitif olan, nörolojik, duyusal, solunum ve cilt bulguları biyotinidaz eksikliği ile uyumlu olan 9 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen olgulardan genomik DNA izolasyonu için 2 cc periferik kan Etilen Diamin Tetra Asetik Asitli (EDTA) tüplere alınmış ve genomik DNA’ları izole edilerek BTD geninin dizi analizi yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Yapılan BTD geni tüm ekzon dizi analizi sonuçlarına göre 1 hastada homozigot c.1368A>C/p.Gln456His mutasyonu, 1 hastada heterozigot c.1368A>C/p.Gln456His mutasyonu, 1 hastada birleşik heterozigot c.1330G>C/p.Asp444His ve c.511G>A/p.Ala171Thr mutasyonu, 1 hastada birleşik heterozigot c.1336G>C/p.Asp446His ve c.511G>A/p.Ala171Thr mutasyonu, 1 hastada ise heterozigot c.557G>A/p.Cys186Tyr mutasyonu tespit edildi. Dört hastada herhangi bir mutasyon tespit edilmedi.Sonuç: BTD bozukluğu olan hastaların yaşadığı sıkıntıların giderilebilmesi ve gecikme halinde ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesi için erken tanı ve tedavi oldukça önemlidir. Hastaya ve aile bireylerine genetik danışmanlık verilerek otozomal resesif kalıtılan hastalık için prenatal tanı veya preimplantasyon genetik tanı yöntemi şansının mevcut olduğu hakkında bilgilendirme yapılması, taşıyıcı ailelerin sağlıklı çocuk sahibi olması açısından önemlidir.
Uzun Zincirli Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri (UZ-ÇDYA) insan vücudunda gerçekleşen fizyolojik süreçlerde son derece önemli roller oynayan maddelerdir. Bu maddelerin seviyeleri ve kompozisyonu diyet ...yoluyla direkt tayin edileceği gibi, yağ asiti prekürsörlerinin yine diyet yoluyla alımı ile belirlenebilmektedir. Yağ asiti prekürsörleri endojen olarak yağ asiti desatüraz enzimleri tarafından uzatılarak ve desatüre edilerek fizyolojik aktif UZ-ÇDYA’lerine dönüştürülürler. Yağ asit desatüraz enzimleri FADS genleri tarafından kodlanırlar. Bu gen kümesinde tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerin (SNP) ω3- ve ω6-yağ asitleri seviyeleri ile yakından ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Beslenme olgusu yanında, genetik faktörler de UZ-ÇDYA regulasyonunu etkilemektedir. Desatüraz enzim aktivitelerindeki değişimlerin sellüler seviyede yağ asiti oranlarını ciddi şekilde etkileme potansiyelleri bulunmaktadır. Sellüler seviyede gerçekleşen yağ asiti değişimleri biyolojik süreçleri de etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede yağ asiti desatüraz enzimleri kodlayan FADS genlerinde tek nükleotid polimorfizmler üzerinden ve insan sağlığına nütrigenetik bir bakış verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Aim: Antibiotic resistance studies about the Streptococcus have a great importance for the treatment of especially child throat infections in terms of public health and rational antibiotic use. For ...this purpose, we aimed to identify the macrolide resistance genes mef(E) and erm(B).
Material and Method: The throat culture samples taken from 51 children presenting to the hospital with the complaint of sore throat were evaluated in the laboratory, and S. pyogenes was diagnosed using tests; gram staining, catalase, bacitracin and PYR. Susceptibility profile was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method and minimum inhibitor concentration(MICs) of erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by VITEK 2 System.
Results: S. pyogenes was possible macrolide resistance genes of mef(E) and erm(B) was determined by PCR. Macrolide resistance in S. pyogenes are determined in 51 pateients as follows; benzylpenicillin 0%, erytromycin 74.5%, clindamycin 31.4%. In patients with S. pyogenes, the genetic determinants of macrolide resistance mef(E) and erm(B) genes was investigated with the PCR method using primers specific to each gene. Total of 48% of the isolates (n=24) were positive for erm (B), 10% (n=5) for mef(E), in 42% (n=21) of the isolates both genes were detected.
Conclusion: The results of our study show that macrolid resistance genes were found in five of the patients evaluated. When the anamnesis of these patients was examined, it was determined that there were patients that frequently presented to the hospital with throat infections and experienced re-infection within a few weeks after receiving treatment.
Amaç: Streptococcus ile ilgili yapılan antibiyotik direnç çalışmaları, özellikle çocuk boğaz enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde halk sağlığı ve akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Biz de çalışmamızda bu amaçla makrolid direnç genleri mef (E) ve erm (B) 'yi tanımlamayı amaçladık.
Yöntem ve Bulgular: Boğaz ağrısı şikayeti ile hastaneye başvuran 51 çocuktan alınan boğaz kültürü örnekleri laboratuvarda değerlendirildi ve gram boyama, katalaz, basitrasin ve PYR testleri ile S. pyogenes tanısı konuldu. Duyarlılık profili Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile ve Eritromisin ile klindamisinin minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK), VITEK 2 Sistemi ile saptandı. S. pyogenes'te ki makrolid direnci 51 hastada aşağıdaki gibi saptandı; benzilpenisilin %0, eritromisin %74,5, klindamisin %31,4. S. pyogenes hastalarında makrolid direnci mef (E) ve erm (B) genlerinin genetik belirteçleri her gene özel primerler kullanılarak PCR yöntemi ile araştırıldı. İzolatların toplam% 48'i (n = 24) erm (B) için pozitif, % 10'u (n = 5) mef (E) için pozitif, %42'sinde (n = 21) her iki gen birlikte tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre makrolid direnç genleri pozitif hastaların anamnezleri incelendiğinde, hastaneye sık sık boğaz enfeksiyonu ile başvuran ve tedavi aldıktan sonraki birkaç hafta içinde tekrar enfeksiyon yaşayan hastaların olduğu belirlendi. S. pyogenes'te özellikle çocuklarda antimikrobiyal direnç tehdidi nedeniyle, direnci saptamak için ulusal ve şehir sürveyans çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle araştırmamız, geliştirmeye açık yeni hipotezler ve çalışmalarla desteklenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Direnç genleri, PCR, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moleküler epidemiyoloji
Aim: Antibiotic resistance studies about the Streptococcus have a great importance for the treatment of especially child throat infections in terms of public health and rational antibiotic use. For ...this purpose, we aimed to identify the macrolide resistance genes mef(E) and erm(B). Material and Method: The throat culture samples taken from 51 children presenting to the hospital with the complaint of sore throat were evaluated in the laboratory, and S. pyogenes was diagnosed using tests; gram staining, catalase, bacitracin and PYR. Susceptibility profile was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method and minimum inhibitor concentration(MICs) of erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by VITEK 2 System. Results: S. pyogenes was possible macrolide resistance genes of mef(E) and erm(B) was determined by PCR. Macrolide resistance in S. pyogenes are determined in 51 pateients as follows; benzylpenicillin 0%, erytromycin 74.5%, clindamycin 31.4%. In patients with S. pyogenes, the genetic determinants of macrolide resistance mef(E) and erm(B) genes was investigated with the PCR method using primers specific to each gene. Total of 48% of the isolates (n=24) were positive for erm (B), 10% (n=5) for mef(E), in 42% (n=21) of the isolates both genes were detected. Conclusion: The results of our study show that macrolid resistance genes were found in five of the patients evaluated. When the anamnesis of these patients was examined, it was determined that there were patients that frequently presented to the hospital with throat infections and experienced re-infection within a few weeks after receiving treatment.
The male of
Euphyia vallantinaria
(Oberthür, 1890) has been recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula and its genital morphology has been described and illustrated. DNA barcode data are ...presented and compared with the other European
Euphyia
species.
COVID-19 can cause a range of complications, including cardiovascular, renal, and/or respiratory insufficiencies, yet little is known of its potential effects in persons exposed to toxic metals. The ...aim of this study was to answer this question with
toxicogenomic methods that can provide molecular insights into COVID-19 complications owed to exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and chromium. For this purpose we relied on the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), GeneMANIA, and ToppGene Suite portal and identified a set of five common genes (
) for the six metals and COVID-19, all of which code for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The list was expanded with additional 20 related genes. Physical interactions are the most common between the genes affected by the six metals (77.64 %), while the dominant interaction between the genes affected by each metal separately is co-expression (As 56.35 %, Cd 64.07 %, Pb 71.5 %, Hg 81.91 %, Ni 64.28 %, Cr 88.51 %). Biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways in which these 25 genes participate are closely related to cytokines and cytokine storm implicated in the development of COVID-19 complications. In other words, our findings confirm that exposure to toxic metals, alone or in combinations, might escalate COVID-19 severity.
Abstract
Objectives
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
(
Aiton.
)
Hassk.
(
R. tomentosa
) is rich in nutrients and has multiple pharmacological applications. Anthocyanins confer color to the flowers and berries ...of
R. tomentosa
and provide protection against photodamage. The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene (
DFR
) and phenylalanine ammonialyase gene (
PAL
) are crucial for anthocyanin synthesis.
Methods
DFR
and
PAL
transcript levels and anthocyanin content in the pigmented organs of
R. tomentosa
were investigated through qRT-PCR analysis and spectrophotometry, respectively. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (
GAPDH
) gene was selected as the reference gene for the normalization of
DFR
and
PAL
transcript levels.
Results
Transcript levels of
DFR
and
PAL
were higher in organs with vigorous metabolism than those in senescent organs.
DFR
and
PAL
transcript levels were up-regulated during the initial and middle-maturity periods of fruit. These expression patterns are consistent with fruit color development. The highest transcript levels of
PAL
and
DFR
were observed during the middle-maturity period or the red-fruit period.
Conclusion
During the late maturity period of
R. tomentosa
fruit, the transcript levels of the two genes were down-regulated even though anthocyanins were continuously accumulated, which was different from the accumulation of anthocyanins in some late mature fruits.
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