The first English-language biography of the de facto ruler of the late Ottoman Empire and architect of the Armenian GenocideTalaat Pasha (1874-1921) led the triumvirate that ruled the late Ottoman ...Empire during World War I and is arguably the father of modern Turkey. He was also the architect of the Armenian Genocide, which would result in the systematic extermination of more than a million people, and which set the stage for a century that would witness atrocities on a scale never imagined. Here is the first biography in English of the revolutionary figure who not only prepared the way for Ataturk and the founding of the republic in 1923, but who shaped the modern world as well.In this explosive book, Hans-Lukas Kieser provides a mesmerizing portrait of a man who maintained power through a potent blend of the new Turkish ethno-nationalism, the political Islam of former Sultan Abdulhamid II, and a readiness to employ radical "solutions" and violence. From Talaat's role in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 to his exile from Turkey and assassination--a sensation in Weimar Germany-Kieser restores the Ottoman drama to the heart of world events. He shows how Talaat wielded far more power than previously realized, making him the de facto ruler of the empire. He brings wartime Istanbul vividly to life as a thriving diplomatic hub, and reveals how Talaat's cataclysmic actions would reverberate across the twentieth century.In this major work of scholarship, Kieser tells the story of the brilliant and merciless politician who stood at the twilight of empire and the dawn of the age of genocide.
Since 2001, the Gacaca community courts have been the centrepiece of Rwanda's justice and reconciliation programme. Nearly every adult Rwandan has participated in the trials, principally by providing ...eyewitness testimony concerning genocide crimes. Lawyers are banned from any official involvement, an issue that has generated sustained criticism from human rights organisations and international scepticism regarding Gacaca's efficacy. Drawing on more than six years of fieldwork in Rwanda and nearly five hundred interviews with participants in trials, this in-depth ethnographic investigation of a complex transitional justice institution explores the ways in which Rwandans interpret Gacaca. Its conclusions provide indispensable insight into post-genocide justice and reconciliation, as well as the population's views on the future of Rwanda itself.
Bošnjačke politike povijesti Kasapović, Mirjana
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva,
2021, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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Srž suvremenih bošnjačkih politika povijesti čine naracije o povijesti bosanskohercegovačkih muslimana, odnosno Bošnjaka kao povijesti genocidâ. One su usustavljene u „paradigmu o deset genocida“ ...koji su nad njima počinili europski kršćani, poglavito srpski i crnogorski pravoslavci te hrvatski katolici, od Bečkog rata s kraja 17. do rata u Bosni i Hercegovini s kraja 20. stoljeća. Prema toj paradigmi, Hrvati su počinili četiri velika genocida nad muslimanima, odnosno Bošnjacima. Te su naracije nacionalistički samoviktimizacijski mitovi koji se zasnivaju na ignoriranju historijskih činjenica i njihovih znanstvenih interpretacija. Iz politološke perspektive, posebno je pogubno ignoriranje znanstvenih pojmova i tipologija političkog nasilja i nasilnih sukoba te podvođenje gotovo svih vrsta zločina pod pojam genocida.
The core of contemporary Bosniak politics of history is composed of narratives depicting the history of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, also known as Bosniaks, as the history of genocides. These narratives are systemized as the “Paradigm of Ten Genocides” which were committed by European Christians, chiefly Serbian and Montenegrin Orthodox Christians and Croatian Catholics, since the Great Turkish War in the late 17th century until the Bosnian War at the end of the 20th century. According to this paradigm, Croatians committed four great genocides against Muslims or more specifically Bosniaks. These narrations serve as nationalist self-victimization myths, based on ignoring historical facts and their scientific interpretation. From a political science perspective, it is especially disastrous to ignore scientific concepts and typologies of political violence and violent conflicts, and to classify almost all types of crimes under the notion of genocide.
Este libro explica el proceso por el cual emergieron los perpetradores del genocidio guatemalteco. Más allá del sentido común que sugiere que los soldados fueron movidos por las circunstancias, que ...fueron forzados a hacer algo que no querían ¿cómo fue posible que jóvenes fueran llevados a matar a sus iguales? Es ésta una de las más importantes interrogantes de la historia de Guatemala, y, en términos comparativos, una de las más penetrantes cuestiones -aún no resueltas- de la Guerra Fría en América Latina. Analizando la organización, la ideología y el desarrollo de la guerra, el autor indaga -desde dentro y hasta abajo- en el Ejército, la institución que llevó adelante una de las peores matanzas de la historia de la humanidad. Empleando el caso de la masacre ocurrida en la aldea Las Dos Erres, el estudio aporta, además múltiples lecciones de método acerca de cómo hacer conciencia social en contextos de violencia extrema.
El siglo XX ha sido llamado el " siglo del genocidio" por el número de genocidios y de víctimas, que un especialista ha evaluado en sesenta millones, pero también por la acuñación del término ...genocidio por Lemkin, la celebración de la Convención de la ONU sobre el Genocidio (1948), que lo definió como un crimen universal e imprescriptible, y la creación de diversos Tribunales internacionales. La antropología en general ha prestado poca atención a este tema complejo y de dimensiones trágicas y se ha centrado más bien en el estudio de etnocidio, es decir, la destrucción de la cultura de un grupo humano. En este texto, por el contrario, se plantea el papel de la cultura, de un matriz cultural compuesta por concepciones de procreación, monoteísmo y nación o pueblo, representadas mediante relatos de inicio, personificaciones y símbolos, en el exterminio de grupos humanos específicos. Probablemente la contribución más importante del texto estribe en la perspectiva adoptada, es decir, en el planteamiento comparativo de la relación entre cultura, estado y genocidio. El estudio de este tema se trata de un objeto de estudio no sólo de importancia científica, sino también ética.
Genocide, mass murder and human rights abuses are arguably the most perplexing and deeply troubling aspects of recent world history. This collection of essays by leading international experts offers ...an up-to-date, comprehensive history and analyses of multiple cases of genocide and genocidal acts, with a focus on the twentieth century. The book contains studies of the Armenian genocide, the victims of Stalinist terror, the Holocaust, and Imperial Japan. Several authors explore colonialism and address the fate of the indigenous peoples in Africa, North America, and Australia. As well, there is extensive coverage of the post-1945 period, including the atrocities in the former Yugoslavia, Bali, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, East Timor, and Guatemala. The book emphasizes the importance of comparative analysis and theoretical discussion, and it raises new questions about the difficult challenges for modernity constituted by genocide and other mass crimes.
The fall of the United Nations 'safe area' of Srebrenica in July 1995 to Bosnian Serb and Serbian forces stands out as the international community's most egregious failure to intervene during the ...Bosnian war. It led to genocide, forced displacement and a legacy of loss. But wartime inaction has since spurred numerous postwar attempts to address the atrocities' effects on Bosnian society and its diaspora. Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide reveals how interactions between local, national and international interventions - from refugee return and resettlement to commemorations, war crimes trials, immigration proceedings and election reform - have led to subtle, positive effects of social repair, despite persistent attempts at denial. Using an interdisciplinary approach, diverse research methods, and more than a decade of fieldwork in five countries, Lara J. Nettelfield and Sarah E. Wagner trace the genocide's reverberations in Bosnia and abroad. The findings of this study have implications for research on post-conflict societies around the world.
Die Geschichte des kolonialen Namibias - und damit der Genozid an den Herero und Nama in den Jahren 1904 bis 1908 - avancierte in den letzten Jahren zum Politikum. Der Anerkennung des Genozids durch ...die Bundesregierung im Jahr 2016 gingen jahrzehntelange historiografische Kontroversen voraus, die jedoch bislang kaum Beachtung fanden. Christiane Bürger zeigt, wie der nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als weitestgehend verdrängt geltende koloniale Genozid in der DDR und BRD vor dem Hintergrund kolonialapologetischer Erzählungen der ersten Jahrhunderthälfte verhandelt wurde - und beleuchtet damit die Historiografie- und Wissensgeschichte der aktuellen Debatten.
During the Khmer Rouge's brutal reign in Cambodia during the mid-to-late 1970s, a former math teacher named Duch served as the commandant of the S-21 security center, where as many as 20,000 victims ...were interrogated, tortured, and executed. In 2009 Duch stood trial for these crimes against humanity. While the prosecution painted Duch as evil, his defense lawyers claimed he simply followed orders. In Man or Monster? Alexander Hinton uses creative ethnographic writing, extensive fieldwork, hundreds of interviews, and his experience attending Duch's trial to create a nuanced analysis of Duch, the tribunal, the Khmer Rouge, and the after-effects of Cambodia's genocide. Interested in how a person becomes a torturer and executioner as well as the law's ability to grapple with crimes against humanity, Hinton adapts Hannah Arendt's notion of the "banality of evil" to consider how the potential for violence is embedded in the everyday ways people articulate meaning and comprehend the world. Man or Monster? provides novel ways to consider justice, terror, genocide, memory, truth, and humanity.
Patrick Brantlinger here examines the commonly held nineteenth-century view that all "primitive" or "savage" races around the world were doomed sooner or later to extinction. Warlike propensities and ...presumed cannibalism were regarded as simultaneously noble and suicidal, accelerants of the downfall of other races after contact with white civilization. Brantlinger finds at the heart of this belief the stereotype of the self-exterminating savage, or the view that "savagery" is a sufficient explanation for the ultimate disappearance of "savages" from the grand theater of world history.
Humanitarians, according to Brantlinger, saw the problem in the same terms of inevitability (or doom) as did scientists such as Charles Darwin and Thomas Henry Huxley as well as propagandists for empire such as Charles Wentworth Dilke and James Anthony Froude. Brantlinger analyzes the Irish Famine in the context of ideas and theories about primitive races in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere. He shows that by the end of the nineteenth century, especially through the influence of the eugenics movement, extinction discourse was ironically applied to "the great white race" in various apocalyptic formulations. With the rise of fascism and Nazism, and with the gradual renewal of aboriginal populations in some parts of the world, by the 1930s the stereotypic idea of "fatal impact" began to unravel, as did also various more general forms of race-based thinking and of social Darwinism.
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