Mokslo raidoje vyksta metodologiniai pokyčiai, kuriuos atitinka tyrimo lygmenys. Kiekvienas tyrimo Iygmuo gali būti apibūdintas pažymint tyrimo objektą ir jo vertinimo kriterijų, o šis genetikoje yra ...požymis. Genetikos raidoje galima išskirti penkis metodologinius tyrimo lygmenis: organizmas - požymis; ląstelė - požymis; chromosoma - požymis; DNR molekulė - požymis; nukleotidų seka - funkcija. Naujojo tyrimo lygmens metodologiniai bruožai yra genomika (DNR mikrogardelės) ir proteomai. Genomikų esmė yra DNR-DNR arba DNR-mRNR hibridinimas; tūkstančiai molekulių iš paskirų genų arba viso genomo genų gali būti ištirti vienu metu. Proteomų esmė yra baltymų dvikryptė elektroforezė, vienu metu tiriant tūkstančius baltymų ir naudojant labai mažą mišinio kiekį. Darbas atliekamas ir rezultatai įvertinami pasitelkiant robotus ir kompiuterius. DNR mikrogardelės ir proteomai, taip pat duomenų įvertinimas rodo prasidedantį naująjį metodologinj lygmenį: veikiantis genomas - visuminis požymis.
A genomika valódi eszköz a biomassza-alapú energiák innovatív kutatása területén, egyes részterületei (metagenomika, transzkriptomika) ténylegesen alkalmazhatók a biomassza-alapanyag optimalizálása ...során, illetve a biomassza-konverzió hatékonyságának javításában, ezáltal a megújuló energiatípusok előállítási költségeinek csökkentésében. --- Genomics is a useful tool in innovative research into biomass energy. Certain fields of genomics (metagenomics, transcriptomics) have a practical application in biomass optimisation and in improving the efficiency of biomass, and can thus help reduce the costs of renewable energy production.
This book provides a novel, inquiry-based approach to the understanding and interpretation of the practical, medical, physiological, and societal aspects of personal genomic information. The material ...is presented in two parts: the first provides readers of all backgrounds with a fundamental understanding of the biology of human genomes, information on how to obtain and understand digital representations of personal genomic data, tools and techniques for exploring the personal genomics of ancestry and genealogy, discovery and interpretation of genetic trait associations, and the role of personal genomics in drug response. The second part offers more advanced readers an understanding of the science, tools, and techniques for investigating interactions between a personal genome and the environment, connecting DNA to physiology, and assessing rare variants and structural variation.
Providing genome-informed personalized treatment is a goal of modern medicine. Identifying new translational targets in nucleic acid characterizations is an important step toward that goal. The ...information tsunami produced by such genome-scale investigations is stimulating parallel developments in statistical methodology and inference, analytical frameworks, and computational tools. Within the context of genomic medicine and with a strong focus on cancer research, this book describes the integration of high-throughput bioinformatics data from multiple platforms to inform our understanding of the functional consequences of genomic alterations. This includes rigorous and scalable methods for simultaneously handling diverse data types such as gene expression array, miRNA, copy number, methylation, and next-generation sequencing data. This material is written for statisticians who are interested in modeling and analyzing high-throughput data. Chapters by experts in the field offer a thorough introduction to the biological and technical principles behind multiplatform high-throughput experimentation.
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