In direct seeding of non-coated rice seeds with a puddling seeder, seeds need to be stored to avoid overlapping of the timing of seed pretreatment with that of field preparation work. Assuming that ...seeds may be stored at room temperature for short-term storage but require lower temperatures for long-term storage, the optimum temperature for low temperature storage was investigated for both pre-germinated and root-elongated seeds. Seeds were incubated at 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C for 0, 5, 10, 14, and 21 days, before seeded in a growth cabinet to assess seedling emergence and growth. Compared to 5°C and 15°C, emergence and growth rates were not lowered in seeds stored at 10°C for more than 14 days. Therefore, 10°C was considered suitable for long-term storage. Then, both pre-germinated and root-elongated seeds were stored at room temperature (15.9°C–22.4°C) for 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 days, and at 10°C for 20 to 29 days. When compared to the control, no significant differences were found in initial growth, establishment, and heading date of seeds stored at room temperature for 5 to 15 days and seeds stored at 10°C for 20 days. These results suggest that both pre-germinated and root-elongated seeds can be stored for up to 15 days at room temperature and up to 20 days at 10°C.
Poor germination and subsequent low grain yield of dry seeded upland rice in the existing anaerobic and short niche between lowland rice and dry season crops in the inland valley necessitate the ...screening of 19 rice varieties. The identification of vigorous growth and short duration upland rice variety in anaerobic condition would optimize this niche. The potted experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole campus in 2015 to screen and evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties in inundated soils with a view to selecting the suitable variety or varieties that will fit into the existing niche in the inland valley. The experiment was laid in a complete randomization design and replicated three times. The number of leaves, biomass and grain weight plant
of the varieties were significantly (
≤ 0.05 %) different. The number of tillers observed in WAB 56-104, NERICA 4, NERICA 6, NERICA 3, NERICA 5, NERICA 10, NERICA 9, ARICA 4 NERICA 1, FARO 63, FARO 65 and NERICA 8 varieties were significantly (
< 0.05) lower than those of
varieties. The numbers of days to 50 % flowering of NERICA 1, NERICA 2, NERICA 10, NERICA 5, NERICA 9, NERICA 3, NERICA 7, NERICA 8, ARICA 4 and WAB 56-104 varieties were the lowest. Although
brown,
white varieties had the highest grain yields per plant, their maturity period exceeded the short period. Thus, NERICA 2 and NERICA 5 varieties which had lower number of days to flowering could be considered as candidate varieties that can be optimized in the niche in question.
Poor germination and subsequent low grain yield of dry seeded upland rice in the existing anaerobic and short niche between lowland rice and dry season crops in the inland valley necessitate the ...screening of 19 rice varieties. The identification of vigorous growth and short duration upland rice variety in anaerobic condition would optimize this niche. The potted experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole campus in 2015 to screen and evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties in inundated soils with a view to selecting the suitable variety or varieties that will fit into the existing niche in the inland valley. The experiment was laid in a complete randomization design and replicated three times. The number of leaves, biomass and grain weight plant
of the varieties were significantly (
≤ 0.05 %) different. The number of tillers observed in WAB 56-104, NERICA 4, NERICA 6, NERICA 3, NERICA 5, NERICA 10, NERICA 9, ARICA 4 NERICA 1, FARO 63, FARO 65 and NERICA 8 varieties were significantly (
< 0.05) lower than those of
varieties. The numbers of days to 50 % flowering of NERICA 1, NERICA 2, NERICA 10, NERICA 5, NERICA 9, NERICA 3, NERICA 7, NERICA 8, ARICA 4 and WAB 56-104 varieties were the lowest. Although
brown,
white varieties had the highest grain yields per plant, their maturity period exceeded the short period. Thus, NERICA 2 and NERICA 5 varieties which had lower number of days to flowering could be considered as candidate varieties that can be optimized in the niche in question.
A. marmorata is the raw material used for tepextate mescal production but is classified as an endangered species. In the present study, we obtain and multiply clonal lines of Agave marmorata Roezl by ...selecting seedlings derived from seeds. Ten seedlings from two lots of 400 germinated seeds were selected for axillary bud proliferation induced by BAP 5 mg/L in vitamin-free Murashige and Skoog’s medium. Differences in shoot numbers, heights and senescent tissue formation were observed. Notably, the AM32 line formed 84 shoots and presented low senescent tissue after 60 d of culture. We also selected the AM31 and AM33 clonal lines. Four-month shoots were extracted with 80% methanol in water to determine the total content of saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and compare the three clonal lines. Some bioactive molecules were identified using HPLC techniques and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry none showed significant differences in content. Additionally, plants derived from the clonal lines were inoculated with four endophytic bacteria. Among these, Achromobacter xylosoxidans supported plant growth of AM32. A notable effect of plant death was observed after inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae, an endophyte of A. tequilana. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an endophyte from A. marmorata, reduced biomass. Our results demonstrate the incompatibility of A. marmorata to E. cloacae and specialization between the host plant and its endophytes. The compatibility of the plant-endophyte could be exploited to boost the establishment and stability of mutualisms to benefit plant development, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. The differences in multiplication capacity, stable tissue formation, and endophyte biotization responses may indicate genetic variability. Clonal selection and micropropagation from seed-derived plants could contribute to conserving the endangered A. marmorata plant for reforestation in their natural habitats, thus, assuring mass propagation for sustainable industrial production of mescal, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics.
Abstract
The yield of winter wheat depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, soil climatic conditions, water, light, feeding regime and applied agro measures. In the cultivation of ...winter wheat, the external environmental factor or agrotechnology used has a strong impact on yield or grain quality. High and quality grain can be grown when cultivation technology is adapted to the biological characteristics of the varieties. The cultivation technology used is required to optimally meet the demand for its vital factors in the stages of winter wheat orinogenesis. We presented the results of scientific research conducted in Samarkand region on the establishment of primary sowing of intensive varieties of durum wheat “Istiqlol 25” and the development of agro-technical methods to improve the quality of Istiqlol 25. In the variant where 4.5 million germinated seeds were used, the positive result was shown when the fertilizer norms were NPK 180:135:90.
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the ...Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance aqueous extract from the germinated seeds of sweet Lupinus albus and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of the aqueous extract from the germinated seeds of sweet Lupinus albus as a fungicide on strawberry and tomatoes (field use and greenhouse application). The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns were not identified.
Samples from three different oat (
Avena sativa L.) cultivars, Vista, Gem and Dane were steeped and germinated in a pilot plant malting system. The content of avenanthramides, antioxidant compounds ...unique to oats, and some unknown compounds as well as the activities of the avenanthramide-synthesising enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate
N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT) and the avenanthramide-oxidizing enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) were measured. An increase in avenanthramide content of germinated seeds, as compared to raw grains, was observed for Dane (125%,
p
<
0.001) and for Vista (29%,
p
=
0.007). The HHT activity increased 62% (
p
=
0.014) in Dane, whereas no change was detected in Vista and Gem. The PO activity decreased slightly during the germination process for Gem (
p
<
0.001) and Vista (
p
=
0.005). Many of the unknown compounds increased significantly during germination in all three cultivars, and one of them was identified to be the avenanthramide
N-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-(
E)-cinnamoyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyanthranilic acid. This study indicates that a highly controlled steeping and germination process can be a valuable method to increase the content of endogenous avenanthramides in oats.
A novel defensin from the lentil Lens culinaris seeds Finkina, Ekaterina I.; Shramova, Elena I.; Tagaev, Andrey A. ...
Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
07/2008, Letnik:
371, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A novel 47-residue plant defensin was purified from germinated seeds of the lentil
Lens culinaris by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, chromatography, and RP-HPLC. The molecular mass ...(5440.41
Da) and complete amino acid sequence (KTCENLSDSFKGPCIPDGNCNKHCKEKEHLLSGRCRDDFRCWCTRNC)
1
The protein sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the UniProt Knowledgebase under the Accession No.
P85530 and in the GenBank under the accession number
EF194158.
1
of defensin, termed Lc-def, were determined. Lc-def has eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds. The total RNA was isolated from lentil germinated seeds, RT-PCR and subsequent cloning were performed, and cDNA was sequenced. A 74-residue predefensin contains a putative signal peptide (27 amino acid) and a mature protein. Lc-def shows high sequence homology with legumes defensins, exhibits an activity against
Aspergillus niger, but does not inhibit proteolytic enzymes.
KEY MESSAGE : Critical regions within the rice metallothionein OsMT2b gene promoter are identified and the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) is found essential for the high-level promoter activity in ...germinated transgenic rice embryos. Many metallothionein (MT) genes are highly expressed in plant tissues. A rice subfamily p2 (type 2) MT gene, OsMT2b, has been shown previously to exhibit the most abundant gene expression in young rice seedling. In the present study, transient expression assays and a transgenic approach were employed to characterize the expression of the OsMT2b gene in rice. We found that the OsMT2b gene is strongly and differentially expressed in germinated rice embryos during seed germination and seedling development. Histochemical staining analysis of transgenic rice carrying OsMT2b::GUS chimeric gene showed that high-level GUS activity was detected in germinated embryos and at the meristematic part of other tissues during germination. Deletion analysis of the OsMT2b promoter revealed that the 5′-flanking region of the OsMT2b between nucleotides −351 and −121 relative to the transcriptional initiation site is important for promoter activity in rice embryos, and this region contains the consensus sequences of G box and TA box. Our study demonstrates that the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of OsMT2b gene is not only necessary for the OsMT2b promoter activity, but also sufficient to augment the activity of a minimal promoter in both transformed cell cultures and germinated transgenic embryos in rice. We also found that addition of the maize Ubi intron 1 significantly enhanced the OsMT2b promoter activity in rice embryos. Our studies reveal that OsMT2b351-ubi(In) promoter can be applied in plant transformation and represents potential for driving high-level production of foreign proteins in transgenic rice.
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