Synopsis
The present work studies the ability of a germinated seeds extract (alfalfa, radish, wheat, soy) to influence cell respiration of skin fibroblasts and the respiratory activity of sheep liver ...isolated mitochondria, and the cytotoxicity of the product on cultured skin fibroblasts. The content of free and total amino acids present in this extract was determined. Aspartic acid represented 37.52% of free amino acids in the extract, but 48.07% glutamic acid was found when total amino acids obtained by acid hydrolysis were quantified. The extract contains more than 6.5% free serine, glutamic acid and alanine. Arginine, serine, aspartic acid and threonine are the other amino acids that represent more than 4.5% total amino acids. Respiration of sheep liver mitochondria and human skin fibroblasts (Foreskin ATCC CRL‐1635) was checked polarographically. The results obtained show the ability of this extract to stimulate cellular respiration of both in vitro models, but the effect is more marked on cell cultured fibroblasts, and its dose dependency. The role of acidic amino acids, aspartic and glutamic acids, on the increase of oxygen consumption by mitochonria is suggested. Cytotoxicity of the germinated seeds extract was tested by the assessment of the viability, the morphological changes and the proliferation of cell cultured human skin fibroblasts. It has been shown that germinated seeds extract are non‐toxic to cell cultures at doses of up to 10 mg mL−1; neither morphological changes nor membrane integrity alterations or changes in cell proliferation were observed.
Résumé
Cette étude actuelle traite la capacité d'un extrait de graine germée (luzerne, radis, blé, soja) d'influencer la respiration céllulaire de fibroblaste de peau et l'activité respiratoire de mitochondrie isolée de foie de mouton, et la cytotoxicité du produit sur des fibroblastes de peau cultivée. On a détérminé le contenu d'aminoacide libre et totale présent de cet extrait. L'acide aspartique répresente 37,52% d'aminoacide libre de l'extrait mais 48,07% d'acide glutamique a été découvert quand on a quantifié l'aminoacide totale obtenue par l'hydrolyse acidique. L'extrait contient plus de 6,5% de sérine libre, d'acide glutamique et d'alanine. L'arginine, la sérine, l'acide aspartique et la thréonine sont les autres aminoacides qui répresentent plus de 4,5% d'aminoacides totales. La respiration de mitochondrie de foie de mounton et de fibroblaste de peau humaine (Foreskin ATCC CRL‐1635) a été vérifiée polargraphiquement. Les résultats obtenus démontrent la capacité de cet extrait de stimuler la respiration céllulaire des deux modèles in vitro, mais l'effet est plus remarqué sur fibroblastes céllulaires cultivés et sa dépendence posologique. Les acides amineés, acide aspartique et acide glutamique, peut étre considérés significative par l'augmentation de la consommation d'oxygène pour les mitochondries. La cytotoxicité de l'extrait de graine germée a été mis à l'épreuve par l'évaluation de la viabilité, les changements morphologiques et la prolifération de fibroblaste céllulaire cultivé de peau humaine. On a pu démontrer que les extraits de graine germée sont non toxiques aux cultures céllulaires jusqu'à 10 mg mL−1: on n'a remarqué ni les changements morphologiques, ni les transformations d'intégrité des membranes, ni changements de proliférations céllulaires.
Compared to untreated seeds, primed seeds (depending on the species and treatment) have increased speed and uniformity of emergence, but one clear drawback is that their shelf life is reduced. In ...recent years, methods were developed to improve longevity after priming, building on experience gained in research on induction of desiccation tolerance of pregerminated seeds. The benefits and limitations of priming and pregermination are discussed. Recently primed and pregerminated seeds have been used as model systems for studies on desiccation tolerance and shelf life and examples of such work are presented.
An alkaline acylester hydrolase was partially purified from germinated seeds of Lupinus mutabilis. Hydrolytic activity was absent in the crude extract of ungerminated lupine seed, but it increased ...and peaked at the fourth day in the germinating seedling. The purification scheme involved homogenization, centrifugation, acetone precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, pH precipitation, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The acylester hydrolase was purified 126‐fold, and the overall activity yield was 10%. The molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 60 kDa. The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 6.2 and showed maximal activity at pH 8.0. The enzyme showed good stability between pH 5.0 and 9.0. In the pH range 7.0–7.5, enzyme precipitation was observed. The enzyme was stable from 0 to 25°C for 5 h and at 45°C lost 50% of its activity in the same period of time. At higher temperatures, the enzyme showed low thermal stability. However, the highest initial activity was found to be at 45°C. Nonionic surfactants and cholic acid enhanced the activity of the enzyme. The activity was reduced by the addition of toluene and isooctane and increased by the addition of diethyl ether, acetonitrile, methanol, and pyridine. The activity was reduced by 37% in the presence of 1 mM Cu2+ ions. The enzyme‐hydrolyzed triolein showing no positional specificity.
Three image-processing algorithms were developed to detect external defects of rice seeds such as germ, disease, and incompletely closed glumes. The rice seeds used for this study involved five ...varieties: Jinyou402, Shanyou10, Zhongyou207, Jiayou, and IIyou. Images of the samples with both black and white backgrounds were acquired with a color machine vision system. Each original image was preprocessed to create a mask for the seed region. For judging the presence of germ, 16 contour features were extracted and analyzed using principal components analysis. In addition to this, four back-propagation neural networks were created and trained with typical data sets of the four varieties. The algorithm developed for recognition of germ achieved an average accuracy of 99.4% for normal seeds and 91.9% for germinated seeds on panicle. The mean hue value and its deviation of the seed region determined with a block method were extracted as features of disease recognition. The corresponding algorithm developed for inspecting diseased seeds based on color features achieved an accuracy of 92.1% for normal seeds, 94.8% for spot-diseased seeds, and 91.1% for severely diseased seeds. Using radon transform, the group number of post-processing images proved to be a good indicator of incompletely closed glumes. The relevant algorithm was developed and achieved an accuracy of 98.6% for normal seeds, 98.6% for seeds with fine fissures, and 99.2% for seeds with unclosed glumes. The results showed that the three algorithms achieved desired accuracy.
A cytochemical investigation has been made of nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity in dry and germinated seeds of Triticum, and its distribution compared to that of general acid phosphatase reactions ...seen with naphthol AS-BI phosphate and p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrates. Acid phosphatase activity was present in the cytoplasm and in channels through the walls of the aleurone cells in both dry and germinated seeds. The cytoplasmic activity was even more marked with nucleotide pyrophosphatase which was almost entirely absent from the cell walls. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase was active in all endosperm cells but particularly in some cells adjacent to the aleurone layer. In addition, all cells of the scutellum and embryo were positive for nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity, especially the developing fibres and xylem elements of leaves and coleoptiles, mature leaf xylem and phloem elements, scutellar provascular and vascular tissues and the epidermis of dark grown coleoptiles.
The Palmyra tree has its own cultural, nutritional, and medicinal values from ancient times. Every part of the tree is useful either in its native form or a modified form, though the seeds is ...generally neglected by people as a waste and are not utilized. The current study is conducted with the germinated seed embryo of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) termed as Palmyra haustorium (PH). The nutritional, phytochemical, and nutraceutical aspects were evaluated to explore the pharmacological significance of three different samples prepared from Palmyra haustorium (PH) i.e., Palmyra haustorium powder (PHP), Palmyra haustorium milk (PHM) and Palmyra haustorium milk extracted cake powder (PHMCP). The PHP is found to be superior in all nutritional aspects compared to other samples analyzed in the study. Proximate analysis of PH samples has shown that it is rich in carbohydrates, protein, and fiber but negligible in fat while PHMCP is a greater source of fiber content. Mineral analysis has shown that PHP is rich in Potassium and Phosphorus, moderate in Calcium and Sodium levels, whereas PHMCP is rich in Iron. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed the presence of different phenolic compounds like Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid in all PH samples; similarly various phytochemicals such as Clindamycin, Sucrose, Hexadecanoic acid, Myristic acid were present in these samples. Functional groups present in samples were identified as aldehydes, primary amines, alkanes were carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results depict that the germinated seed embryo of Palmyra palm is rich in macro and micronutrients that act as nutraceuticals in enhancing the human health and well-being. Also these products may help in mitigating the effects of malnutrition, prevalent among the vulnerable population and PHM can be an alternate nutrient for individuals susceptible to digest lactose.
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•The Palmyra seed embryo powder (PHP) is nutritionally superior especially rich in carbohydrates, proteins and minerals like potassium and phosphorus.•The presence of phenolic compounds like gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, caffeic acid improves the health condition by its property to scavenge free radicals.•The phytochemical like oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid is good to consume as it possesses cardio-protective effect.•The current study highlights the potent nutritional quality and explores the phytochemicals in Borassus flabellifer seed embryo samples.
Abstract Seaweed extract contains many bioactive compounds that boost the metabolisms of various plant commodities, ranging from germination, growth, and productivity. This study aimed to increase ...the early growth of oil palm germinated seeds by applying Eucheuma cottonii extract. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) to test the optimum dose of E. cottonii methanol extract on oil palm growth stimulation (22 oil palm germinated seeds/treatment with equal growth performance). The germinated seeds were soaked with E. cottonii extract for one hour, then germinated for seven days. Observations were made on plumula length, radicula length, and the number of lateral radicula that performed daily. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA with Tukey HSD as the further test ( p>95% ). E. cottonii extract was dominated by auxin, 32.24 mg Kg -1 , with a dose of 0.5% significantly increased radicula length by 50.85%, followed by an increased number of lateral radicula by 70.97% compared to control. Thus, 0.5% of Eucheuma cottonii extract could be used as an alternative plant growth regulator in stimulating the early growth of oil palm germinated seeds.
