•Techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-wind-biomass-battery system is proposed.•Numerical modelling and varied operational scenarios for the system are formulated.•Evaluating system feasibility ...across various power loss probabilities is conducted.•Giza Pyramids construction outperformed by $177 saving and 8% less simulation time.
The economical electrification of rural settlements extensively utilizes renewable energy sources. In recent years, the deployment of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and biomass gasifier-based power generation technologies for electricity accessibility in remote regions has received greater prominence. This paper presents an optimal component design of a hybrid solar PV-wind and battery system along with a biomass gasifier to provide continuous electricity for rural communities of Uttarakhand, India. In this study, a recently developed population-based giza pyramids construction (GPC) methodology is applied to determine the optimal component sizing. The findings of the GPC method are contrasted with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) methodology to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The annualized system cost and levelized cost of energy of the hybrid renewable energy system have been minimized subject to technical reliability indicators such as loss of power supply probability and renewable fraction.
Moreover, a systematic exploration of the system has been conducted to assess its optimal feasibility across different values of power loss probability ranging from (0% to 4%). The simulation indicates that the proposed method adeptly identifies globally optimal values, leading to a $177 decrease in annual cost and 8% reduction in average simulation time compared to PSO. The research reveals that the balanced point (relative attainment), where system reliability and cost-effectiveness intersect optimally, is achieved at a 3% power loss level, resulting in the most significant cost reduction of $199 compared to other probability levels.
Nowadays, many optimization issues around us cannot be solved by precise methods or that cannot be solved in a reasonable time. One way to solve such problems is to use metaheuristic algorithms. ...Metaheuristic algorithms try to find the best solution out of all possible solutions in the shortest time possible. Speed in convergence, accuracy, and problem-solving ability at high dimensions are characteristics of a good metaheuristic algorithm. This paper presents a new population-based metaheuristic algorithm inspired by a new source of inspiration. This algorithm is called Giza Pyramids Construction (GPC) inspired by the ancient past has the characteristics of a good metaheuristic algorithm to deal with many issues. The ancient-inspired is to observe and reflect on the legacy of the ancient past to understand the optimal methods, technologies, and strategies of that era. The proposed algorithm is controlled by the movements of the workers and pushing the stone blocks on the ramp. This algorithm is compared with five standard and popular metaheuristic algorithms. For this purpose, thirty different and diverse benchmark test functions are utilized. The proposed algorithm is also tested on high-dimensional benchmark test functions and is used as an application in image segmentation. The results show that the proposed algorithm is better than other metaheuristic algorithms and it is successful in solving high-dimensional problems, especially image segmentation.
While the exact technical processes employed in the construction of the pyramids are still a subject of ongoing debate, it is widely recognized that the Giza Plateau served as a hub where various ...trades converged with the common objective of building the necropolis. Of particular importance was the development of a local and sustainable food supply for the thousands of laborers involved in this monumental undertaking. Here, we explore the long-term behavioural mechanisms that led human societies to gradually colonize the Nile swamps at Giza. They developed herding and farming, paving the way for greater human exploitation of the area during the Dynastic Egypt. We show that transhumance tribes, originally from the Eastern Sahara, settled along the Giza Plateau 5200 years ago, primarily engaging in herding and, more sporadically, agriculture. Giza was transformed into a pastoral landscape, with the development of large swaths of the floodplain, providing societies with permanent access to livestock produce (e.g. proteins, milk, meat and wool). Our palaeoecological data reveal that the initial complex societies at Giza were deeply rooted in transhumance, pastoralism and animal husbandry. These activities played a fundamental role in establishing the foundations of a robust and sustainable food system, while also serving as a crucial logistical support for the subsequent construction of the monumental structures that celebrated the grandeur of pharaonic Egypt.
•Two cores extracted from the Khufu branch of the Nile at Giza.•A 7600-year record of agropastoral activities from the pyramids area.•Insight into the first complex societies at Giza.•The area was mainly a pastoral landscape when the necropolis was built.•The Third Intermediate Period was the worst phase for agropastoral activities.
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is endemic in many world areas, including Egypt with significant economic losses in the equine industry through causing a high fatality rate among foals associated with ...respiratory manifestations and abortion in pregnant mares. The present study conducted to investigate the isolation,, molecular characterization, and phylogeny of the circulating EHV-1 isolates among native breeds of horses in Giza governorate. A total of 72 samples (aborted foeti, fetal fluids, placenta, vaginal and nasal swabs) were inoculated into Vero cell culture. The DNA was extracted from the infected tissue culture and used for molecular identification by TaqMan real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), DNA amplification by conventional PCR, and DNA sequencing. The results showed successful isolation of 9 out of 72 tested samples (12.5%) after the third passage in Vero cells with a characteristic cytopathic effect for EHV-1. The obtained results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The positive samples were subjected to conventional PCR to amplify 869 bp of the glycoprotein B gene. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that EHV-1 isolates were closely related to each other and those previously isolated from Egypt and the European EHV-1 strains. In conclusion, the molecular characterization and phylogeny analysis of the circulating EHV-1 improve the understanding of virus epidemiology in Egypt and implicate good control measures.
Twórczość najsławniejszego litewskiego malarza i kompozytora M.K. Čiurlionisa (1875–1911) zadziwia oryginalnością i sugestywnością artystycznych form. Przez całe życie interesował się on kulturą ...starożytnego Egiptu, ale niewiele wiadomo o tym, jaki miało to wpływ na jego twórczość i jak głębokie było to zainteresowanie. Poszukiwano zatem źródeł, z których mógł korzystać, gdy malował obrazy inspirowane starożytnym Egiptem.
The export of antiquities from Egypt to the United Kingdom during the mid nineteenth century required an extensive network of cultural, diplomatic and mercantile actors, including private shipowners. ...While much previous research has focused on the political stakeholders in the process, as well as the archaeologists conducting excavations in Egypt, the attempted export of Menkaure's sarcophagus from Giza to the British Museum in 1838 allows for a closer examination of one of the private shipowners who was involved in this process – namely, Captain Richard Mayle Whichelo of the merchant vessel Beatrice. This article investigates the diplomatic processes that were required for the export of the sarcophagus and provides an overview of the history of the Beatrice and of Captain Whichelo, placing this within the broader context of the transport of antiquities during the nineteenth century.
The pyramids of Giza originally overlooked a now defunct arm of the Nile. This fluvial channel, the Khufu branch, enabled navigation to the Pyramid Harbor complex but its precise environmental ...history is unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we use pollen-derived vegetation patterns to reconstruct 8,000 y of fluvial variations on the Giza floodplain. After a high-stand level concomitant with the African Humid Period, our results show that Giza's waterscapes responded to a gradual insolation-driven aridification of East Africa, with the lowest Nile levels recorded at the end of the Dynastic Period. The Khufu branch remained at a high-water level (∼40% of its Holocene maximum) during the reigns of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, facilitating the transportation of construction materials to the Giza Pyramid Complex.
