A significant and long-standing problem in electrochemistry has demanded the need for gas diffusion electrodes that are “flood-proof” and “leak-proof” when operated with a liquid electrolyte. The ...absence of a solution to this problem has, effectively, made it unviable to use gas diffusion electrodes in many electrochemical manufacturing processes, especially as “gas-depolarized” counter electrodes with significantly decreased energy consumption. In this work, Gortex membranes (also known as expanded PTFE or ePTFE) have been studied as novel, leak-proof substrates for gas diffusion electrodes PTFE = poly(tetrafluoroethylene). We report the fabrication, characterization, and operation of gas diffusion electrodes comprising finely pored Gortex overcoated with 10% Pt on Vulcan XC72, PTFE binder, and a fine Ni mesh as a current carrier. Capillary flow porometry indicated that the electrodes only flooded/leaked when the excess of pressure on their liquid-side over their gas-side was 5.7 atm. This is more than an order of magnitude greater than any previous gas diffusion electrode. The Gortex electrodes were tested as hydrogen- and oxygen-depolarized anodes and cathodes in an alkaline fuel cell in which the liquid electrolyte was pressurized to 0.5–1.5 atm above the gas pressures. Despite the record high electrolyte pressure, the electrodes, which had Pt loadings of only 0.075 mg Pt/cm2, exhibited notable activity over 2 d of continuous, leak-free operation. Under the applied liquid pressure, the fuel cell also overcame all of the key technical challenges that have hindered the adoption of alkaline fuel cells to date. The high activity and unprecedented resistance to leaking/flooding exhibited by these electrodes, even when subjected to large liquid electrolyte overpressures under gas depolarization conditions, provide an important advance with far-reaching implications for electrochemical manufacturing.
The Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) is one approach that is widely used for the early stages of software development. This method continues to develop in the last three decades. In this ...paper, a literature study is conducted to determine the GORE state of the art. The study begins with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to determine the research trend in the last five years. This study reviewed 126 papers published from 2016 to 2020. The research continues with the author's search for scientific articles about GORE. There are 26 authors who actively publish GORE research results. Twenty-six authors were grouped into seven groups based on their relation or co-authoring scientific articles. An in-depth study of each group resulted in a holistic mapping of GORE research. Based on the analysis, it is known that most research focuses on improving GORE for an automated and reliable RE process, developing new models/frameworks/methods originating from GORE, and implementing GORE for the RE process. This paper contributes to a holistic mapping of the GORE approach. Through this study, it is known the various studies that are being carried out and research opportunities to increase automation in the entire RE process.
The objective of this article is to propose a reading of “The part of the crimes”, in 2666 (2004), by Roberto Bolaño, from the perspective of gore capitalism postulated by Sayak Valencia. The central ...axis is placed on the character of Olegario Cura (Lalo Cura) and how this would be the key to avoid the “evolution” of this capitalism towards the snuff type. Taking the characteristics of Santa Teresa, which can be read as an example of “gore city” and the actions taken by Lalo Cura, it is seen how this character –guided by a deontological ethic– embodies the “hope” in this door to hell.
Leaks and bleeding are major acute postoperative complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Various staple line reinforcement (SLR) methods have been invented such as ...oversewing/suturing (OS/S), omentopexy/gastropexy (OP/GP), gluing, and buttressing. However, many surgeons do not use any type of reinforcement. On the other hand, surgeons who use a reinforcement method are often confused of what kind of reinforcement they should use. No robust and high-quality data supports the use of one reinforcement over the other or even supports the use of reinforcement over no-reinforcement. Therefore, SLR is a controversial topic that is worth our focus. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of LSG with versus without Seamguard buttressing of the staple line during LSG.
The purpose of this study was to determine the need for postoperative antibiotic administration in patients undergoing type I thyroplasty performed with Gore-Tex implant.
Retrospective analysis.
...Medical records of patients from a quaternary care laryngology practice who underwent type I thyroplasty for glottic insufficiency using Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore, Newark, Delaware) implant between the years 2013 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Subjects were divided into two groups determined by those who did or did not receive routine postoperative antibiotics. All patients received two grams of cefazolin IV (for the standard 70-kilogram patient), and 10 mg of dexamethasone as a one-time dose given 10 minutes prior to incision. Patients allergic to cefazoline who received a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of clindamycin IV. All subjects were seen in the office at least three times after the procedure: one day, one week, and approximately six weeks following surgery. Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data using χ2 analysis for categorical data and a student t test for means. A P value of less than 0.01 was considered significant.
There was no significant difference in infection rate or other complications between groups.
Routine use of antibiotics following type I thyroplasty with Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore, Newark, Delaware) appears unnecessary.
Background
Patch repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using Gore-Tex
®
is associated with infection, adhesions, hernia recurrence, long-term musculoskeletal sequels and poor tissue ...regeneration. To overcome these limitations, the performance of two novel biodegradable membranes was tested to repair CDH in a growing pig model.
Methods
Twelve male pigs were randomly assigned to 3 different groups of 4 animals each, determined by the type of patch used during thoracoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair (Gore-Tex
®
, polycaprolactone electrospun membrane-PCLem, and decellularized human chorion membrane-dHCM). After 7 weeks, all animals were euthanized, followed by necropsy for diaphragmatic evaluation and histological analysis.
Results
Thoracoscopic defect creation and diaphragmatic repair were performed without any technical difficulty in all groups. However, hernia recurrence rate was 0% in Gore-Tex
®
, 50% in PCLem and 100% in dHCM groups. At euthanasia, Gore-Tex
®
patches appeared virtually unchanged and covered with a fibrotic capsule, while PCLem and dHCM patches were replaced by either floppy connective tissue or vascularized and floppy regenerated membranous tissue, respectively.
Conclusion
Gore-Tex
®
was associated with a higher survival rate and lower recurrence. Nevertheless, the proposed biodegradable membranes were associated with better tissue integration when compared with Gore-Tex
®
.
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