Language demonstrates structure while also showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a ...language differ from one another while exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on the dynamic processes that create languages and give them their structure and variance. It outlines a theory of language that addresses the nature of grammar, taking into account its variance and gradience, and seeks explanation in terms of the recurrent processes that operate in language use. The evidence is based on the study of large corpora of spoken and written language, what we know about how languages change, as well as the results of experiments with language users. The result is an integrated theory of language use and language change which has implications for cognitive processing and language evolution.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa pencitraan pada level kosakata dan mendeskripsikan level gramatika dalam wacana iklan Pilkada Kabupaten Tuban 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam ... penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pencitraan Pasangan Calon Bupati dan Wakil Bupati kabupaten Tuban 2015 pada 1) level kosa kata ditemukan adanya bentuk (a) klasifikasi kosa kata, (b) kosa kata yang diperjuangkan, (c) kosa kata yang memarjinalkan orang lain, dan (d) kosa kata yang bernuansa kedaerahan. 1) pada level gramatika, ditemukan adanya bentuk (a) modalitas, (b) pronomina, (c) kalimat positif-negatif, dan (d) kata penghubung.
Prikaz gramatike skupine autora: Sofija Gadžijeva, Ana Kovačević, Milan Mihaljević, Sandra Požar, Johannes Reinhart, Marinka Šimić, Jasna Vince pod naslovom HRVATSKI CRKVENOSLAVENSKI JEZIK. Zagreb; ...Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada – Staroslavenski institut, 2014., priredio Milan Mihaljević
The relationship between verbs and their arguments is a widely debated topic in linguistics. This comprehensive 2005 survey provides an overview of this important area of research, exploring theories ...of how a verb's semantics can determine the morphosyntactic realization of its arguments. Assuming a close connection between verb meaning and syntactic structure, it provides a bridge between lexical-semantic and syntactic research, synthesizing the results of work from a range of linguistic subdisciplines and in a variety of theoretical frameworks. The first four chapters survey leading theories about event structure and conceptualization. The fifth and sixth chapters focus on the mapping from lexical semantics to morphosyntax and include a detailed discussion of the thematic hierarchy. The final chapter reviews treatments of multiple argument realization. With useful bibliographic references and clear definitions of relevant terms, this book will be invaluable to students and researchers in syntax and semantics, as well as those in related fields.
U radu se prikazuje i uspoređuje opis sintaktičke razine hrvatskoga jezika u gramatikama brodskih jezikoslovaca, i to u
Grammatik der Illyrischen Sprache
(1833.) Ignjata Alojzija Brlića te u ...istoimenoj gramatici njegova sina Andrije Torkvata Brlića (1854.). Kako je 1836. objelodanjena
Osnova slovnice slavjanske narěčja ilirskoga
Vjekoslava Babukića, prva općehrvatska gramatika koja je pedesetak godina bila temeljem jezične norme, gramatika I. A. Brlića nije imala značajniju praktičnu primjenu. Sličnu je sudbinu doživjela i gramatika A. T. Brlića (koju danas gotovo svi jezikoslovci navode tek kao bibliografski podatak), objavljena iste godine kao i Babukićeva
Ilirska slovnica
, koja je pak bila prvi pokušaj cjelovite znanstvene gramatike u Hrvata. U radu je primijenjena komparativno-kontrastivna metoda analize sintaktičkih opisa. Iako mlađi Brlić svoju gramatiku piše u jeku preporodnoga pokreta, ona u mnogočemu ostaje bliska dopreporodnim gramatikama – u koje se svrstava i gramatika I. A. Brlića. U prilog tomu ide i činjenica da je gramatika namijenjena njemačkim vojnicima za učenje hrvatskoga jezika, stoga je pisana njemačkim jezikom, a primjeri su dani na hrvatskom i njemačkom jeziku. Sintaktički opisi u njoj, baš kao i u starijega Brlića, ostaju na razini sintagme i sintakse padeža.
The paper deals with the comparison of the Croatian syntax in two identically titled grammar books
Grammatik der Illyrischen Sprache
(1833; 1854) by Ignjat Alojzije Brlić and his son Andrija Torkvat Brlić. Since Vjekoslav Babukić’s
Osnova slovnice slavjanske narěčja ilirskoga
(1836), the first grammar book of the general Croatian, formed the basis of the linguistic norm for about fifty years, I.A. Brlić’s grammar book did not have any significant practical implications. Sharing the same destiny, A.T. Brlić’s grammar book is cited today mainly as the bibliographic entry. It was published in the same year as Babukić’s
Ilirska slovnica
and it was the first attempt to provide a comprehensive scientifically-based grammar book in Croats. The syntactic description presented in the paper is based on the contrastive analysis. Though younger Brlić wrote his grammar book during the revival movement, many of its features remained similar to the pre-standard grammar books, including the one by I.A. Brlić. This is supported by the fact that the grammar book, intended to be used by German soldiers who learned Croatian, was written in German, while the examples were provided in Croatian and German. As in the older Brlić’s grammar book, its syntactic description was based on the phrase and case syntax.
U članku se analizira jezikoslovno nazivlje u dvjema gramatikama iz 18. st., Relkovićevoj Novoj slavonskoj, i nimačkoj gramatici (11767.) i Vinjalićevoj rukopisnoj gramatici Principi della grammatica ...... Grammatica prima in lingua slava, italiana et latina. Relkovićeva je gramatika prva vrlo opsežna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika pisana hrvatskim jezikom, i to kontrastivno, u suodnosu prema njemačkome jeziku. Rukopisna Vinjalićeva gramatika pisana je trojezično, a donedavno uglavnom nije bila predmetom interesa jezikoslovne javnosti. Kako svaki naziv u promatranim gramatikama nema uvijek svoju hrvatsku inačicu, nužno je bilo u istraživanju osvrnuti se i na latinsko nazivlje jer su promatrane gramatike pisane prema latinskomu modelu. Budući da su u postojećim potvrdama hrvatskoga nazivlja uočene sličnosti s prethodnicima (npr. s nazivljem u J. Mikalje, L. Šitovića, T. Babića, B. Tadijanovića), primjeri su stavljeni u kontekst izgradnje hrvatskoga jezikoslovnog nazivlja. Stoga se ovim radom nastoji pokazati koliko su se u izgradnji hrvatskih naziva dvojica promatranih gramatičara rukovodila uporabnom normom i već ovjerenim modelima u tvorbi novih naziva te koliko se njihovim novotvorbama koriste kasniji gramatičari.
This book introduces generative grammar as an area of study, asking what it tells us about the human mind. It lays the foundation for the unification of modern generative linguistics with the ...philosophies of mind and language. It introduces Chomsky's program of a ‘minimalist’ syntax as a novel explanatory vision of the human mind. It explains how the Minimalist Program originated from work in cognitive science, biology, linguistics, and philosophy, and examines its implications for work in these fields. It also considers the way the human mind is designed when seen as an arrangement of structural patterns in nature, and argues that its design is the product not so much of adaptive evolutionary history as of principles and processes that are historical and internalist in character. The book suggests that linguistic meaning arises in the mind as a consequence of structures emerging on formal rather than functional grounds. From this, the book substantiates an unexpected and deeply unfashionable notion of human nature. It also provides an insight into the nature and aims of Chomsky's Minimalist Program.
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