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•Two oppositely charged guar gums to make polyelectrolyte galactomannan hydrogels.•They showed highly tunable swelling behavior as response to pH/salt ions.•Polyelectrolyte ...galactomannan hydrogels with chemical and physical crosslinking.•Exhibited excellent adsorption capacities (1454 mg /g for CR) and high selectively.•Exhibited good anti-interference capability and regeneration efficiency.
Three novel polyelectrolyte galactomannan hydrogels (PGHs) were fabricated by chemically crosslinking quaternary ammonium galactomannan (QAG) and carboxymethyl galactomannan (CMG), and employed for the removal of Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB). Physicochemical characterization revealed that the PGHs are chemically and physically crosslinked. The PGHs are pH- and ion-sensitive, and their physical crosslinking can be destroyed by artificial urine; water swelling capacity (100.6–321.9 g/g dry gel) and artificial urine swelling capacity (35.9–80.5 g/g dry gel). The adsorption of CR and MB was studied and found to be pH-dependent and selective. The maximum adsorption capacities of CR and MB on the QAG and CMG gels are 1441 and 94.52 mg/g, respectively, and their adsorption kinetics and isotherm behavior obey the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Further, the PGHs have excellent salt resistance and are reusable.
Guar korma and churi protein isolates were assessed for their physicochemical, nutritional, functional, structural, and digestibility properties for their application in the food industry. The water ...extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed a protein content of 89.7 % and a yield of 48.7 %. Water extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed an excellent protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid/total amino acids (34.35 %), amino acid score, and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score values, suggesting the existence of high-quality proteins. Water extracted protein isolate of guar korma contains all the essential amino acids except Methionine and Cysteine, according to World Health Organization recommendations for children and adults. The protein profiling of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma was analyzed using 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indicated the presence of eight major protein bands in the range of 17–100 kDa. In vitro digestibility of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed the complete digestion of the abundant protein bands within 15 min. Further, the foaming capacity, water/oil holding capacity, and emulsifying stability of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma were comparable with soy protein isolate. Fourier Transform Infrared and Circular Dichroism spectral analysis revealed the presence of several aromatic groups and β-sheets, random coils respectively in water extracted protein isolate of guar korma. The morphological nature of the guar protein isolate was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Overall, these findings support that water extracted protein isolate of guar korma has excellent functional and nutritional properties and could be a potential alternative plant protein in food industries.
•In situ synthesis of Ag NP-adorned guar gum functionalized Fe3O4 nanocomposite.•FE-SEM, TEM, EDS-elemental mapping, XRD, and ICP techniques used to assess the structural and physicochemical ...characteristics.•In the catalytic application the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was reduced over the Fe3O4@guar gum/Ag NPs as a nanocatalyst.•catalyst sustainability was assessed by its recyclable properties in seven further without significant degradation activity.•MTT assay used to evaluate bio-application of the nanocomposite for in vitro anticancer investigation againstAN3-CAendometrial cell lines.
In situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticle-adorned guar gum functionalized Fe3O4 nanocomposite (Fe3O4@guar gum/Agnanocomposite) and its subsequent catalytic and biological uses are described in this research along with a sustainable approach for the process. FE-SEM, TEM, EDS-elemental mapping, XRD, and ICP were among the analytical techniques used to assess the structural and physicochemical characteristics of this unique material. In the catalytic application the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was carried out using freshly generated Fe3O4@guar gum/Ag NPs as a nanocatalyst. To monitor the reduction process, a UV–Vis spectrophotometer was utilized. We evaluated this catalyst's sustainability using its recyclable properties in seven further cycles and the findings indicated a consistent and significant degradation activity.Additionally, the MTT assay wasused to expand the bio-application of the nanocomposite for in vitro anticancer investigation againstAN3-CAendometrial cell lines. In presence of the material, the malignant endometrial cell line's cell survival decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The nanocomposite was shown to have IC50 values of 87 μg/mL when it cameto the AN3-CA cell line. Given the remarkable outcomes the created nanocomposite demonstrated, cancer management might look very promising in the near future.
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•Guar gum; one of the cheapest sources of galactomannan.•Molecular structure and properties of guar gum are presented.•Guar gum is useful in various industries; food, cosmetics, explosive, textile ...and oil refinery etc.•Various types of guar gum composites are presented.•Potential applications of guar gum composites are discussed.
Naturally occurring polymers are currently of prime importance among which polysaccharides occupies superior position due to their easy availability, eco- friendly and non-toxic nature. Guar gum, one of the naturally occurring polymer, is a galactomannan acquired by ground endosperm of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus or Cyamopsis psoraloides. It belongs to the family leguminosae. Presence of large number of hydroxyl groups increases its H- bonding ability when dissolved in water that enhance the viscosity and gelling properties of the guar gum solution. Based upon these properties, guar gum is used in several industries such as textile, food, petrochemical, mining and paper for varied applications. It is used as suspending, emulsifying, gelling and stabilising agent in the conventional dosage forms.
Last few decades have marked the increase in development of various composites of guar gum that have intrinsic utilization in various fields. Immobilization of guar gum with the others not only enhances its properties but also enriches its utilization in numerous fields for diverse applications such as water purification, drug delivery, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, etc. Guar gum derivatives are found to have therapeutic importance in certain physiological disorders also. In this review article, we have summarized various possible composites of guar gum and their most probable applications in different fields.
Chemical degradation of guar gum solutions via the addition of a strong oxidant is a common process step in hydraulic fracturing. Unfortunately, this degradation step leads to the formation of an ...insoluble precipitate which clogs the porous rock formation, reducing efficiency, reducing oil recovery potential, and increasing energy costs. The chemical composition, particle size, and molecular weight distributions of the oxidatively degraded guar (“broken guar”) are largely unknown, making it difficult to develop mitigation strategies. In this work, broken guar gum solutions are systematically analyzed to understand the origin of the observed residue. Our results indicate that cellulose fibers and proteins, rather than galactomannan oligomers, are the two major components (>50%) of the solid residue (the water‐insoluble fraction of broken guar). This finding suggests that removal of the cellulose fiber and proteins from the guar source material may be a potential residue mitigation strategy. Separately, we provide evidence for a potential second mitigation strategy employing chemical additives to reduce aggregation of the insoluble species, effectively reducing their potential to cause formation damage.
Aqueous solutions of guar gum were cleaved by ammonium persulfate and analyzed by monad and protein analyses. Surprisingly, insoluble cellulose fibers and proteins, rather than galactomannan oligomers, were the major components of the water‐insoluble fraction.
•Synthesis of novel, EGDMA cross-linked guar gum superabsorbent hydrogels.•Characterization with FTIR, SEM, thermal and water absorption studies.•Biodegradation studies of the synthesized hydrogel ...and half-life period determination.•Effect of hydrogel on maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) of soil.•Effect on water retention capacity, density and porosity of soil.
The novel hydrogels were synthesized by grafting guar gum with acrylic acid and cross-linking with ethylene glycol di methacrylic acid (EGDMA). The synthesis of hydrogel was confirmed by characterization through 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM micrography, thermo-gravimetric analysis and water absorption studies under different solutions. Synthesized hydrogel (GG-AA-EGDMA) was confirmed to be biodegradable with half-life period of 77 days through soil burial biodegradation studies. The effects of hydrogel treatment on soil were evaluated by studying various physico-chemical properties of soil like bulk density, porosity, water absorption and retention capacity etc. The hydrogel which could absorb up to 800 ml water per gram, after addition to soil, improved its porosity, moisture absorption and retention capacity significantly. Water holding capacity of water increased up to 54% of its original and porosity also increased up to 9% of its original. The synthesized hydrogel revealed tremendous potential as soil conditioning material for agricultural applications.
To address the coal dust pollution issue associated with coal mines and further improve the dust suppression performance of dust suppressants, the present study first uses Guar gum (GG), a widely ...available pollution-free natural polymer, as the main ingredient to produce modified Guar gum -GGTCS by chemically modifying its –OH functional group, followed by employing infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis to characterize the chemical structure and thermal stability of GG and its modified product GGTCS; subsequently, the modified product GGTCS is used as the primary raw material, which is mixed with certain wetting and water retention agents so as to develop an environmentally-friendly degradable dust suppressant with decent dust suppression performance. The optimal formula for preparing this environmentally-friendly dust suppressant is determined as: 0.8% GGTCS +1.5% glycerol (GLY) + 0.1% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) + 0.02% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO); the high-resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is employed to observe the solidified film on the coal powder surface before and after the treatment of dust suppressant. A digital display electronic universal testing machine is adopted to measure the maximum pressure the solidified film can withstand before being crushed (29 kPa), and a test is run to assess the degradability of the newly developed degradable dust suppressant. The test results indicate that the newly developed hybrid dust suppressant has decent water retention, hardening, cementing, anti-compression, and degradability characteristics, which can offer significant economic, environmental, and social benefits to the dust control field.
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•The dust dispersion control is of great importance to the coal mines.•The present study uses guar gum as the main ingredient to produce dust suppressant.•The optimum dust suppressant concentration is determined.•Newly developed hybrid dust suppressant has decent characteristics.
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