Abstract
Background
Children and youth who meet the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviour recommendations in the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines are more likely to have desirable ...physical and psychosocial health outcomes. Yet, few children and youth actually meet the recommendations. The family is a key source of influence that can affect lifestyle behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process used to develop the
Consensus Statement on the Role of the Family in the Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Behaviours of Children and Youth
(0–17 years) and present, explain, substantiate, and discuss the final
Consensus Statement.
Methods
The development of the
Consensus Statement
included the establishment of a multidisciplinary Expert Panel, completion of six reviews (three literature, two scoping, one systematic review of reviews), custom data analyses of Statistics Canada’s Canadian Health Measures Survey, integration of related research identified by Expert Panel members, a stakeholder consultation, establishment of consensus, and the development of a media, public relations, communications and launch plan.
Results
Evidence from the literature reviews provided substantial support for the importance of family on children’s movement behaviours and highlighted the importance of inclusion of the entire family system as a source of influence and promotion of healthy child and youth movement behaviours. The Expert Panel incorporated the collective evidence from all reviews, the custom analyses, other related research identified, and stakeholder survey feedback, to develop a conceptual model and arrive at the
Consensus Statement: Families can support children and youth in achieving healthy physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours by encouraging, facilitating, modelling, setting expectations and engaging in healthy movement behaviours with them. Other sources of influence are important (
e.g.
, child care, school, health care, community, governments) and can support families in this pursuit
.
Conclusion
Family is important for the support and promotion of healthy movement behaviours of children and youth. This
Consensus Statement
serves as a comprehensive, credible, and current synopsis of related evidence, recommendations, and resources for multiple stakeholders.
Contrary to early modern patriarchal assumptions, this study argues that noblemen in early modern Spain depended on the active collaboration of noblewomen to maintain and expand their authority, ...wealth, and influence. Drawing on a variety of archival documents from Toledo, Grace Coolidge examines in detail the legal status of these women, their role within their families, and their responsibilities for the children and property in their care.
A minor as a victim cannot act independently in a criminal trial. In accordance with Article 51(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the rights of the minor are represented by their statutory ...representatives, i.e. their parents (if the minor remains under their parental authority). If, however, the perpetrator of the crime against the child is the other parent or a spouse of the parent, the non-offending parent is excluded from representing the child. In this case, the guardianship court will appoint a guardian ad litem. The goal of this institution is to implement and safeguard the interests of the child during the criminal trial. In practice, however, it often happens that these guardians do not fulfil their duties in a way that guarantees the due protection of the minor. In extreme cases, they are not appointed at all or are appointed too late. While looking for a solution that would guarantee the proper protection of the rights of the minor, the Ministry of Justice presented a proposal for the introduction of the position of “helper” of a minor who is a victim. This publication is a detailed analysis of the institution of the guardian ad litem, and studies the validity of the introduction of an additional entity with the authority to defend the rights of an aggrieved child.
Persons without family or friends to serve as healthcare agents may become "unrepresented" in healthcare, with no one to serve as healthcare agents when decisional support is needed. Surveys of ...clinicians (N = 81) and attorneys/guardians (N = 23) in Massachusetts reveal that unrepresented adults experience prolonged hospital stays (66%), delays in receiving palliative care (52%), delays in treatment (49%), and other negative consequences. Clinicians say guardianship is most helpful in resolving issues related to care transitions, medical treatment, quality of life, housing, finances, and safety. However, experiences with guardianship are varied, with delays often/always in court appointments (43%) and actions after appointments (24%). Policy solutions include legal reform, education, and alternate models.
Policing experts have suggested that shifting from a warrior mindset - officers viewing themselves as warriors fighting crime - to a guardian mindset - officers valuing working with the public to ...reduce crime - is a valuable method for improving police-community relations across the United States. However, little empirical evidence has been used to inform this debate. To address this gap, we examined survey data from two U.S. police departments to assess the validity of the Warrior/Guardian framework. Factor analyses suggested that the warrior and guardian mindsets are distinct, but related concepts. Furthermore, these mindsets are associated with different attitudinal outcomes (e.g. the guardian mindset was associated with greater prioritization of communication during citizen encounters). Thus, the Warrior/Guardian framework is supported empirically. Overlap between the Warrior/Guardian framework and existing police culture literature is discussed and police culture is offered as a potential explanation for variation in warrior and guardian orientations.
There is limited research that examines the experiences of Guardians ad Litems or Court Appointed Special Advocates appointed to cases to represent the best interest of children involved with the ...child welfare system. The purpose of this paper is to (1) identify and explore the primary mechanisms through which Guardians ad Litem are recruited and/or learn about the program and (2) identify and categorize the motivations that individuals describe for becoming a Guardian ad Litem. Data were collected as part of a larger cross-sectional, qualitative study of the Florida Statewide Guardian ad Litem Office. The perspectives of 553 volunteers and employees comprise the sample. Themes pertaining to how advocates were recruited or became involved included personal contacts; media and advertising; involvement with GAL due to professional/career opportunity; targeted/purposeful recruitment efforts by GAL programs; and employment-related opportunity or involvement. In relation to what motivated advocates to volunteer, themes were life transitions; advocacy for children and families; volunteerism; personal fulfillment; personal/familial experiences; career or professional experiences; time; personal fit or interest; and attitudes/opinion of the GAL program. Implications for recruitment and motivation are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
•Guardians ad Litem (GALs) are essential to promoting the best interest of children who are in the child welfare system.•Understanding recruitment and motivation may assist advocate programs in finding appropriate volunteers.•Greater efforts should be taken to understand the characteristics and experiences of (GALs) to ensure a high quality pool of volunteers.
Prevention Nearby Leclerc, Benoit; Smallbone, Stephen; Wortley, Richard
Sexual abuse,
04/2015, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of a potential guardian on the severity of child sexual abuse. Using data obtained on crime events from adult child sexual offenders incarcerated ...in Queensland (Australia), mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of potential guardianship on the severity of abuse. Controlling for victim and situational characteristics, the analyses showed that the presence of a potential guardian reduced the duration of sexual contact and the occurrence of penetration. Presence of a potential guardian decreased the risk of sexual penetration by 86%. The study highlights the importance of the presence of a potential guardian for reducing the severity of child sexual abuse, and suggests more broadly that guardianship may be an important protective factor in sexual offending.
Contemporary law enforcement methods are largely defined by crime control and militarization in the “warrior” policing model. In 2013, the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission ...(WSCJTC) adopted an alternative “guardian” training model for the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) focused on procedural justice, community partnerships, de-escalation, and crisis intervention. The current study investigates BLEA graduates’ perceptions of guardian policing and training elements. Researchers interviewed new officers who completed BLEA training with the guardian curriculum (n = 17) and officers trained in a warrior-based curriculum (n = 11). Themes are analyzed from interview data, including officer perceptions of BLEA guardian training and related programs. The paper concludes with discussion of limitations, themes, and policy implications of the research.
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