Le cuivre est utilisé pour contrôler diverses maladies fongiques ou bactériennes, principalement sur vigne, en productions fruitières et en cultures légumières. Il constitue la seule substance active ...à effet fongicide fort et gamme d'action large homologuée en agriculture biologique. Or la mise en évidence d'effets environnementaux négatifs du cuivre, notamment sur les organismes du sol, a conduit à des restrictions réglementaires d'usage (plafonnement des doses autorisées), et même à son interdiction comme pesticide dans certains pays d'Europe du Nord. De ces restrictions croissantes à l'emploi du cuivre, qui posent des difficultés notamment aux producteurs qui ne peuvent recourir à des fongicides de synthèse, découle une demande récurrente d'« alternatives ». De nombreux travaux expérimentaux ont ainsi été menés pour identifier et tester d'autres techniques : l'emploi de variétés résistantes aux maladies, l'application de substances d'origine naturelle à effet biocide et/ou stimulant les défenses naturelles des plantes, l'utilisation d'agents microbiologiques de lutte, l'adoption de conduites des peuplements cultivés à visée prophylactique, l'installation de protections physiques. Les résultats restent toutefois dispersés et ces méthodes de lutte peu mises en Å“uvre sur le terrain. Issu d'une expertise scientifique collective, cet ouvrage est une synthèse pluridisciplinaire et critique des connaissances disponibles sur le sujet. Il présente et étudie les différentes techniques potentiellement efficaces contre les agents pathogènes contrôlés par les traitements cupriques, et la nécessité de les combiner dans des systèmes intégrés de protection des cultures.
The article describes the application of standard methods of determining savings in the commodity acquisition, which do not impose an obligation to evaluate the centralized award system and the ...Methodology for the Quantification of Savings set by the Ministry for Regional Development of the Czech Republic. The process is related to the tyres within the Ministry of Defence acquired in the centralized and decentralized manners in the period 2014-2017. In the decentralized manner, higher variability of unit prices and higher variability of the number of suppliers are expected. In the centralized manner, the constant price level is predicted since the supplier is permanent during the whole period of the performance of the framework agreement for a period of two years. Statistical methods - the hypothesis testing method - are used to compare the unit prices in both manners. The comparison has been carried out by the two-sample t-test of the mean values of two selections in order to determine the differences in the amount of financial resources. It has been found that the unit prices of the centralized acquisition are higher than the unit prices of the decentralized acquisition; therefore, the centralized manner of acquisition is more expensive than the decentralized one. / В статье описаны стандартные методы определения экономии при приобретении средств, которые не подразумевают обязательную оценку централизованной системы принятия решений, а также методологию квантификации экономии, предписанную Министерством регионального развития Чешской Республики. Данный процесс описан на примере централизованных и децентрализованных закупок шин, приобретенных для нужд Министерства с 2014 по 2017 год. При децентрализованных закупках ожидается большая степень вариабельности как в отношении цены, так и в отношении количества поставщиков. При централизованных закупках предусмотрена постоянность цен, поскольку с поставщиком подписывается договор на двухлетний срок действия. Статистические методы – метод проверки гипотезы был применен для сравнения цен за единицу продукции при закупках обоих видов. T-критерий был применен для сравнения средних значений двух групп выборок, с целью выявления разницы в количестве финансовых ресурсов. Было установлено, что цены за единицу при централизованных закупках были выше, чем цены за единицу при децентрализованных закупках. Следовательно, централизованный метод закупок обходится дороже, чем децентрализованный метод. / U članku se opisuje primena standardnih metoda određivanja uštede pri nabavci sredstava koja ne nameću obavezu evaluacije centralizovanog sistema odlučivanja i metodologije za kvantifikaciju uštede koju je propisalo Ministarstvo regionalnog razvoja Republike Češke. Opisani proces odnosi se na gume nabavljane centralizovanim i decentralizovanim postupkom za potrebe Ministarstva odbrane u periodu 2014-2017.godine. Pri decentralizovanom postupku očekuje se viša varijabilnost, kako kod jediničnih cena, tako i kod broja snabdevača. Pri centralizovanom postupku predviđa se konstantni nivo cene, jer je snabdevač isti tokom celog dogovorenog perioda snabdevanja od dve godine. Statističke metode - metode testiranja hipoteze koriste se za poređenje jediničnih cena u oba postupka. Korišćen je t-test dva uzorka za poređenje prosečnih vrednosti dve grupe uzoraka kako bi se odredila razlika u količini finansijskih izvora. Utvrđeno je da su jedinične cene centalizovane nabavke više od jediničnih cena decentralizovane nabavke, pa se može zaključiti da je centralizovani postupak nabavke skuplji od decentralizovanog.
RUCONBAR predstavlja novo, eko‐inovativno rješenje betonskih barijera za zaštitu od buke. Inovativan sastav i postupak dobivanja apsorbirajućeg sloja izrađenog od reciklirane otpadne gume razvijen je ...i patentiran na Građevinskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, a cjelokupna proizvodnja izvediva je u hrvatskim pogonima. Ovaj tip barijera se zasniva na ideji upotrebe recikliranih materijala u novom proizvodu, čime se donosi dobrobit u tri područja: (1) zaštiti od buke, (2) gospodarenju otpadom te (3) smanjenoj upotrebi prirodnih resursa.
Türkiye'de yaş meyve ve sebze pazarlamasında çeşitli kanallar mevcuttur. Ancak çoğunlukla yaş meyve ve sebze pazarlaması Toptancı Hal'lerinde yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, üretim bölgesi olarak Mersin ...Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Toptancı Hali'nde faaliyette bulunan aracılarla anket yapılmıştır. Türkiye'de yaygın yaş meyve ve sebze pazarlama kanallarından, en uygun olanı sağlık, maliyet, süre ve kayıt altına alınma kriterlerine göre belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesinden (AHP) yararlanılmıştır. AHP sonuçlarına göre, Mersin Toptancı Hali'nde en uygun pazarlama kanalı; "Üretici → Üretim Merkezi Komisyoncusu → Tüketim Merkezi Komisyoncusu → Perakendeci → Tüketici" %42,68 oranla ilk sırada yer almış bunu "Üretici → Tüketim Merkezi Komisyoncusu → Perakendeci → Tüketici" %35,90 ile takip etmiştir. AHP sonuçları Tobit model ile analiz edilmiştir.
There are various fresh produce marketing channels in Turkey. But marketing activities are more commonly performed in wholesale fresh fruit and vegetable markets. In this study, middlemen in Mersin Wholesale Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Market, which is the location for production area, were interviewed. In the study, we tried to determine the most suitable fresh produce marketing channel according to criteria of health, cost, time and legal procedures such as recording. Analytical Hierarchy Process method (AHP) was used in this study. According to AHP results, the most appropriate marketing channel in Mersin is; "producer → middleman in production area → middleman in consumption area → retailer → consumer by 42,68%. The second most appropriate marketing channel is; "producer → middleman in consumption area → retailer → consumer" by 35.89%. When we evaluated criteria for Mersin province, the recording was determined to be the most important criterion with 48,05% in wholesale market and cost was the second with 35.04%. The results of AHP were analyzed by Tobit model.
Cooking and technological characteristics of the Belarusian potato varieties Nezakonova, O.B., National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series,
2013
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Potato traditionally appears one of the most important foodstuffs in the republic of Belarus, representing ethnic cuisine with many dishes. The most important cooking qualities of potato are the ...taste of prepared dishes, pulp consistence, wetness of tubers, granularity and color of tubers' pulp. Different potato varieties possess different cooking characteristics, determining suitability of any variety for food purposes. The main goal of the research is evaluation of cooking characteristics of different potato sorts, cultivated on soils of different mechanical characteristics. The paper deals with the results of assessment of cooking and technological characteristics of potato varieties during the post-harvesting period and 5 months later, and also morphological characteristics of tubers depending on soil growing conditions. As a result of the research it is determined that growing of potato on sod-podzolic light loamy soil provides higher preservation and storage qualities if compared to sod-podzolic sandy soil. It is also substantiated that different potato varieties are suitable for preparation of different cooking dishes.
Detection of some viral agents in vegetable seeds and determination of their prevalence Paylan, İ.C., Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir (Turkey). Div. of Plant Protection; Erkan, S., Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir (Turkey). Div. of Plant Protection
Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi dergisi,
2013, Letnik:
50, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study was carried out to detect the viruses in most commonly used vegetable seeds for plant production in our country and to determine the prevalence of these viruses. A total of 325 seed ...samples were collected from various foundations and farmers. The collected seeds were constituted the study material. Seed samples in question, were tested by biological, serological and molecular methods.
Bu çalışma, ülkemiz bitkisel üretiminde önemli düzeyde kullanılan sebze tohumlarında bulunan virüslerin saptanması ve bu virüslerin yaygınlık oranlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çeşitli kuruluş ve üreticilerden toplanan 325 tohum örneği araştırmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur.
The determination of viral agents in certain cold-season vegetables in Izmir province and its around Erkan, S., Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir (Turkey). Div. of Plant Protection; Gümüş, M., Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir (Turkey). Div. of Plant Protection; Paylan, İ.C., Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir (Turkey). Div. of Plant Protection ...
Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi dergisi,
2013, Letnik:
50, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The surveys were conducted to determine the presence and prevalence of the viruses infecting cold-season vegetable crops including globe artichoke, leek, cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce, onion, ...broccoli and Brussels sprouts in the production areas of Izmir province and its around between the years 2010 and 2011.
İzmir ili ve çevresinde yetiştirilen enginar, pırasa, karnabahar, lahana, marul, soğan, brokkoli ve Brüksel lahanası, gibi kışlık sebzeleri enfekte eden virüsleri tanılamak ve bulunma durumlarını saptamak amacıyla 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında surveyler yapılmıştır. Hastalıklı bitkilerde en fazla rastlanan virüs belirtilerinin bitki gelişmesinde gerileme, sararma, mozaik, beneklenme, yapraklarda ve gövdede bükülme, kıvrılma, lekeler veya çizgiler ve yaprak ve meyvede oluşum bozuklukları olduğu görülmüştür.
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